Chapter 7 test
School boards determine educational policy, and majority of their members tend to be _____.
white
States have used different programs to try to equalize funding. In the _____ program, the state provides funds to ensure that each student receives a minimal level of educational services.
foundation
The chief state school officer is responsible for:
planning school activities.
Which of the following is true of adequate educational guarantees, the educational clauses present in the constitution of different states?
They guarantee that every student receives an efficient, sound or thorough education.
A call for accountability in financing of schools means that _____.
the public wants to see academic progress for their tax dollars
From the following, identify the accurate statement about school superintendents.
They are the most powerful education officer in the school district.
School boards are often criticized for:
being in the backseat when it comes to educational change and reform.
The Abbott cases in New Jersey contributed to a new line of litigation focusing on _____.
educational outcome
The influence of the business community in America's schools can best be characterized as _____.
extensive
The marketing technique that involves selling things in unconventional and unexpected places is known as _____.
guerrilla marketing.
According to Donald McCarty and Charles Ramsey, authors of The School Managers: Power and Conflict in American Public Education, a school board in a community dominated by a few powerful figures will seek out a superintendent who _____.
has a functionary style
What was the significance of the Serrano v. Priest (1971) ruling of the California Supreme Court?
It struck down the state's financial system as unconstitutional.
The state with perhaps the purest example of adequate education approach is _____.
Maryland
Who is most likely to be considered part of the "hidden school government"?
Parents
Which of the following was an outcome of the San Antonio v. Rodriguez (1973) ruling of the Supreme Court?
The court stated that preserving local control was a legitimate reason to use the property tax system.
Which of these statements best describes the attitude of Americans toward inequities in school funding?
They believe that an individual's circumstances are merely obstacles to be overcome.
The federal funds directed at specific categories and targeted educational needs of schools are known as _____.
categorical grants
In funding schools, urban areas struggle the most, suffering not only from lower property values but also from the need to use those limited resources to fund more police officers, hospitals, subways, and other services than their suburban counterparts. This phenomenon is known as _____.
municipal overburden
Commercialism promotes _____.
self-gratification
Activists who took funds from wealthy districts and redistributed the monies to the poorer districts were called _____.
Robin Hood reformers
Which of these court cases led to the advent of Robin Hood reformers?
Serrano v. Priest
Which of the following is most likely to conduct educational research and development?
State department of education
The _____ is collected through payroll deductions, money deducted even before one receives salary.
personal income tax
To raise money for schools, colonial towns and districts assessed a(n) _____ tax.
property
When teachers and principals have to remedy antiquated buildings, they give higher priority to _____.
repairing lights and air conditioners
Most school board members view themselves as _____.
trustee representatives