Chapter 7 Test

25.) The cell theory includes three basic principles. What are these principles.

1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms 3. Cells arise only from previously existing cells, with cells passing copies of their genetic material on to their daughter cells

24.) In what situations would a compound light microscope be a better choice that an electron microscope for studying an object?

A Compound light microscope views living specimens.

16.) What is the major difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport? A. Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient. B. Active transport uses proteins in the process. C. Facilitated diffusion moves molecules through the plasma membrane. D. Facilitated diffusion requieres large amounts of energy.

A. Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient.

17.) A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the plant cell? A. It will swell. B. It will shrink. C. It will stay the same. D. It will wilt.

A. It will swell.

33.) What is the specific job of the following organelles? A. Ribosomes B. ER C. Mitochondria D. Golgi Apparatus E. Vacuoles F. Lysosomes G. Chloroplasts H.Cilia and Flagella

A. Ribosomes - makes proteins B. ER - manufactures, transports, and packages proteins C. Mitochondria - breaks down nutrients into energy D. Golgi Apparatus - process proteins and lipids E. Vacuoles - holds materials and waste F. Lysosomes - digest and remove waste G. Chloroplasts - turns sunlight into energy H. Cilia and Flagella - moves liquid over surface of the cell

34.) What contribution did each of the following men make to the biological world? A. Robert Hooke B. Antón van Leeuwenhoek C. Matthias Schleiden D. Theodor Schwann E. Rudolp Virchow

A. Robert Hooke - saw cells through a microscope and gave the name of the cell B. Antón van Leeuwenhoek - fond tiny living organisms through his microscope in pond water C. Matthias Schleiden - came up with this idea of plants being made up of cells D. Theodor Schwann - came up with the idea that animals are made up of cells E. Rudolp Virchow - cells come from existing cells

1.) What would happen to the structure in Figure 7-4 if part D is completely removed? A. it would become more rigid B. it would disintegrate C. it would have holes in it D. it would collapse in on itself

A. it would become more rigid

18.) What types of materials are expelled from cells during exocytosis? A. large molecules such as hormones B. positive and negative ions C. small molecules such as carbon dioxide D. water and glycerol

A. large molecules such as hormones

4.) Both Schwann and Virchow developed important theories about cells in the mid 1800s. Which best explains the reason these theories were made within a few years of each other? A. Hooke's Micrographia inspired both theories. B. New microscopes provided better viewing of cells. C. Scientists invented the microscope in the mid 1800s. D. The electron microscope was used for the first time.

B. New microscopes that provided better viewing of cells.

9.) Which statement is true about bacterial cells? A. The cells are very large. B. The cells have no nucleus. C. They are eukaryotes. D. They have organelles.

B. The cells have no nucleus

12.) Cilia and flagella are used to mover cells through watery environments. What role do those cell parts play on stationary cells? A. They hold neighboring cells in a fixed position. B. They move substances along the surface of the cell. C. They protect the cell by whipping at harmful cells. D. They transmit waste materials away from the cell.

B. They move substances along the surface of the cell.

14.) Chloroplasts are organelles that convert light energy to sugars. These organelles are found only in plants. Which organelles are found only in animals? A. golgi apparatus B. lysosomes C. mitochondrion D. ribosomes

B. lysosomes

11.) Which organelle converts sugars into energy? A. lysosome B. mitochondrion C. nucleus D. ribosome

B. mitochondrion

29.) Why does active transport require more energy than osmosis or facilitated diffusion?

Because active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient requiring more energy to do so.

30.) Compare and contrast exocytosis and endocytosis.

Both processes of transporting substances across membrane. Endocytosis brings substances into the cell. Exocytosis takes substances out of the cell.

8.) Which statement is a functional principle of the cell theory? A. All cells have a plasma membrane. B. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells. C. Living organisms are composed of cells D. The genetic material in cells is DNA.

C. Living organisms are composed of cells

7.) What major improvement came with the development of the scanning electron microscope? A. Magnets were replaced with lighter materials. B. it produced images with better color. C. The magnification was higher. D. The images were three dimensional.

C. The images were three dimensional.

3.) Which of the following pictures in Figure 7-5 most likely approximate the motion phospholipids make in a plasma membrane?

C. The top view where there is a circular flow

19.) Which of the following is an example of passive transport? A. endocytosis B. exocytosis C. facilitated diffusion D. NA/K ATPase pump

C. facilitated diffusion

13.) A scientist at the polar ice cap was studying an ice sample from hundred of meters below the surface. While examining the ice, the scientist found some cells from many years ago. Using an electron microscope, the scientist identified these cell structures: a cytoskeleton, mitochondrion, nucleus, cell wall, and robosomes. What kind of organism did the scientist find? A. animal B. bacteria C. plant D. he did not have enough information

C. plant

6.) An electron microscope can magnify an object about 500,000 times. How does this magnification compare with the magnification of a compound light microscope? A. 500 times lower B. 100 times lower C. 100 times higher D. 500 times higher

D. 500 times higher

2.) Where are you least likely to find water in the structure shown in figure 7-4? A. A B. B C. C D. E

D. E

10.) Which is present only in eukaryotic cells? A. cell membrane B. chromosomes C. DNA D. nucleus

D. nucleus

5.) What did scientists observe using the earliest microscopes? A. atoms B. cell parts C. molecules D. tiny organisms

D. tiny organisms

15.) At what point in the process of diffusion is dynamic equilibrium reached? A. when the movement of the molecules stop being random B. when the molecules are mixed and stop moving C. when the rate of change in the solution slows by one half D. when there is continuous movement but no change

D. when there is continuous movement but no change

27.) Describe, as best you can, the "fluid mosaic model".

It describes membranes. They are a phospholipid bilayer with different protein molecules floating around inside.

26.) Define the term selective permeability.

It only allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by means of active or passive transport.

22.)What is the difference between an electron microscope and a compound microscope.

On an electron microscope, you are able to zoom in more. However, you can only use dead things making the compound useful since it can view living things.

28.) Endoplasmic reticulum can be smooth or rough. What are the differences between the two types of ER?

Rough ER has ribosomes studded on the surface. Smooth ER does not have ribosomes but it manufactures lipids.

20.) In plants, cells that transport water against the force of gravity are found to contain many more mitochondria than do some other plant cells. What is the reason for this?

Since the are going against the force of gravity, they need more energy to be successful. Mitochondrion produce energy. Therefore, if more energy is needed, more will have to be produced, and more mitochondrion needed.

31.) What is the relationship between exocytosis and the golgi apparatus?

The Golgi apparatus transports, modifies, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery to the cell membrane for exocytosis.

23.) Why is it important that some proteins extend all the way through the bilayer of a plasma membrane?

These proteins provide a means by which small dissolved particles that cannot diffuse through the lipid bilayer can cross the cell membrane.

32.) Describe a cell in the following types of solutions: isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic.

isotonic- water and solute are equal on both sides of the cell membrane hypertonic- higher concentration of water inside a cell than outside a cell hypotonic- higher concentration of water outside a cell than inside a cell