chapter 7- Thinking and intelligence

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory. Cognition Conceptualization Personality Priming

Cognition

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences. Beliefs Emotions Concepts Values

Concepts

What kind of professional would be most qualified to administer an intelligence test? A social worker who operates in a high school or middle school. A professional trained in psychology. An employee of the Social Security administration. A board-certified psychiatrist.

A professional trained in psychology.

Which individual was asked by the French government to create an assessment tool - an intelligence test, of sorts - that would be used to identify schoolchildren who would be more likely to have difficulty in school? Alfred Binet Louis Terman Marcelle Curie Sir Francis Galton

Alfred Binet

_____ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics Ideal Artificial Prototypical Natural

Artificial

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for? anchoring bias representative bias functional fixedness hindsight bias

functional fixedness

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory. spatial bodily kinesthetic logical-mathematical interpersonal

logical-mathematical

What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(n) _______ mastery of the grammatical aspects of language ability to speak ability to communicate lexicon

mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

A(n) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language phoneme syllable morpheme syntactic unit

phoneme

"Each person is born with a genetic potential to reach a certain level of potential, but whether or not they accomplish that level depends on their environments and experiences." This is the foundation of the ________ model. g-factor triarchic range of reaction evolutionary

range of reaction

Which statistic is a measure of how data are dispersed in a population and can be used to give context to larger data sets? standard deviation variability correlation coefficient heritability

standard deviation

The practice of administering, scoring, and interpreting an assessment tool in the same manner is called ________. cohorting norming standardization validation

standardization

Illnesses such as diabetes and cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________. an algorithm the hindsight bias the availability heuristic functional fixedness

the availability heuristic

Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kai's ability to invent a solution uses the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence. crystallized creative fluid analytic

creative

Which pair of individuals is most likely to have the highest similarity in their IQ scores? Jerry and Jerica are fraternal twins who were raised in the same home. Annabeth and Andre are half-siblings who have the same father but different mothers. They've lived together since they were 3 and 5 years old, respectively. Marcus and Maria are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different families. Vondra and Victoria are a mother and daughter who have lived together for all of Victoria's 15 years.

Marcus and Maria are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different families

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence? Charles Spearman Howard Gardner Robert Sternberg Raymond Cattell

Robert Sternberg

What is the Flynn effect? The observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation. The idea that standard intelligence tests are flawed when they are used to compare ethnic groups. Once a person knows his IQ, he stops trying to excel academically. The observation that each generation has a significantly lower IQ than the previous generation.

The observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation.

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________. produce new products or ideas and invent novel solutions to a problem think outside the box to arrive at novel solutions to a problem provide correct or established answers to a problem analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias. hindsight representational confirmation anchoring

confirmation

The type of intelligence that involves seeing complex relationships and solving problems is ________ intelligence. applied intrapersonal crystallized fluid

fluid

Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests she would be capable of holding a job and living independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily? profound moderate mild severe

mild

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study _______ revealed a genetic component to intelligence suggested that intelligence is affected by early adoption suggested there is no genetic component to intelligence demonstrated that female twins are more intelligent than male twins

revealed a genetic component to intelligence