Chapter 7 THINKING AND INTELLIGENCE Quiz

An intelligence score that falls below ________ indicates significant cognitive delays, and may be indicative of an intellectual disability.

70

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory.

cognition

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences.

concepts

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias.

confirmation

Not all aspects of cognition are ________.

consciously experienced

Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kai's ability to invent a solution uses the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

creative

Navigating your way home through an unfamiliar route due to road construction would draw upon your ________ intelligence

fluid

Navigating your way home through an unfamiliar route due to road construction would draw upon your ________ intelligence.

fluid

The type of intelligence that involves seeing complex relationships and solving problems is ________ intelligence.

fluid

What is confirmation bias?

focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs

Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way.

role

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

functional fixedness

The fact that English dictates that most verbs end in-ed to indicate past tense is an example of the ________ component of language.

grammar

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________.

hindsight bias

Knowing what a dinosaur is because you looked through a book with pictures of dinosaurs and watched the film Jurassic Park is an example of a natural concept that was developed through ________ experience.

indirect

In Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence.

interpersonal; intrapersonal

A(an) ________ is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts.

schema

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?

semantics

Mel is an adult who can take care of his basic needs, but he requires oversight while he paints and someone to check on his living conditions daily. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Mel?

severe

Mikel can look at an engineering plan and quickly build a scale model. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

spatial

Which term describes a communication system that uses systematic rules to organize words to transmit information from one individual to another?

language

The following sentence misuses the word accept: "I'll take all the cupcakes except the one with cream cheese icing." Which part of language involves knowing the proper use of the word accept?

lexicon

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language?

lexicon

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. this exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory.

logical-mathematical

Which of the following is not one of the conditions that leads to the impulse to use heuristics?

the decision to be made is important

From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means ________.

thinking

The IQ formula is relevant for people:

up to 17-18 years of age

Parents of African American students filed a case against the state of California in 1979 because they believed the testing method used to identify students with learning disabilities________.

was culturally unfair as the tests were normed and standardized using White children

A(an) ________ involves approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past, but it is clearly no longer working.

mental set

A(n) ________ involves approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past, but it is clearly no longer working.

mental set

Gonzalo is attempting to open his car door using the auto lock button on his keychain. He pushes the button twice, but his car door does not open. He continues to push the button even though it is likely that the auto lock feature has stopped working, and he will need to open the door manually with his key. This illustrates a ________.

mental set

Schemas are a(an) ________.

method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently

Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests there is no reason she can't find a job and live independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily?

mild

Which of the following is not one of the four subtypes of intellectual disability?

modest

A ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning.

morpheme

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

musical

In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: ________ and ________.

natural; artificial

What is the Flynn effect?

observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation

An anchoring bias occurs when you focus on ________.

one piece of information versus all of the information

Which of the following is an example of an abstract, complex concept?

patriotism

A(an) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language.

phoneme

Anwar dresses for a cold fall day and steps outside to find it sunny and hot. He goes back inside to change out of his sweater and jeans into a shirt and shorts. Anwar is demonstrating the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

practical

Which of the following is not one of the four indices of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children?

processing memory

A(an) ________ is the best example, or representation, of a concept.

prototype

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ________.

revealed a genetic component to intelligence

Children who live in poverty perform worse on intelligence tests because they _____.

Experience more pervasive daily stress, which affect how the brain functions and develops, this causing a dip in IQ scores.

Which of the following statements about Charles Spearman is false?

He divided intelligence into two components: crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence.

Natural concepts are mental groupings created naturally through our ________.

experiences

What was the most controversial claim in Arthur Jensen's article, "How Much Can We Boost I.Q. and Achievement?"

Level II intelligence is most prevalent among Asians, followed by Caucasians, then African Americans.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true "Arthur Jensen theorized that Level I intelligence is responsible for conceptual and analytical abilities while Level II intelligence is responsible for rote memorization."

The placement of the phrases "Level I" and "Level II" should be switched.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Fluid intelligence is characterized as acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it."

The word "Fluid" should be changed to the word "Crystallized."

Which option is not one of the wechsler tests of intelligence?

Wechsler Adolescent Intelligence Measure (WAIM)

Tasks that require you to compare, contrast, or evaluate are using the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

analytical

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________.

analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that are always exhibited, such as what defines different basic shapes.

artificial

Event schemas are difficult to change because they are ________.

automatic

Illnesses such as diabetes and stomach cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or stomach cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________.

availability heuristic

Raymond Cattell was a psychologist who ________.

divided intelligence into two components: crystallized and fluid

Rudy is amazing in all of his school classes, except math. He struggles to understand basic arithmetic concepts, confuses mathematical symbols like "+" and "=", and gets very frustrated and upset at the thought of doing math homework. Rudy has a normal level of cognitive functioning in other areas, and reads and writes with ease. Rudy's parents may want to have him evaluated to see if he suffers from ________.

dyscalculia

Walter struggles to write legibly and has a difficult time putting his thoughts on paper. Which learning disability does he have?

dysgraphia

Bernadette has difficulty spelling words correctly while writing and mixes up letters within words and sentences. Which learning disability does she have?

dyslexia

A(an) ________ schema is also known as a cognitive script.

event