Chapter 7/Skeletal tissue

The outer covering of bone, the periosteum, is composed of which type of connective tissue?

Dense irregular connective tissue

The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its

Diaphysis

Growth hormone exerts its primary effect on which of the following?

Growth of cartilage

Which statements describe the matrix of bone?

It is composed of organic and inorganic substances. It is harder than the matrix of cartilage.

It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones.

Periosteum

One effect of growth hormone (GH) is the stimulation of cartilage growth. How might a decrease in GH production during development impact a person?

Result in a decrease in height

Why might astronauts, who spend only a few days in outer space under microgravity (reduced gravity), experience a significant loss in bone density?

The decrease in gravity causes a decrease in osteoblast activity and thus a decrease in bone density.

Which statements characterize osteocytes?

They reside in lacunae. They maintain bone matrix.

A forensic anthropologist identifies a bone as a left femur with epiphyses that are detached from the diaphysis. Does this bone belong to a juvenile or an adult?

a juvenile

The organic components of bone provide ______.

a resistance to stretching

Bones of the upper limb and lower limb are classified as bones of the ___________ skeleton.

appendicular

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called ______.

articular cartilage

The end of a long bone is covered with ______.

articular cartilage

it covers an epiphysis it is composed of hyaline cartilage it functions to reduce friction in joints

articular cartilage

The ribs are classified as bones of the __________ skeleton.

axial

Acting as levers for movement is a function of ______.

bones

Spongy bone is also called ______.

cancellous bone

Osteoclasts are ______.

cells that break down bone matrix

Which is an organic component of bone?

collagen fibers

Bone is a type of ______ tissue.

connective

The ______ epiphysis is the end of a long bone that is farthest from the trunk of the body.

distal

Which structure replaces the epiphyseal plate?

epiphyseal line

The Skull is classified as what type of bone?

flat

The semisolid material that suspends and supports the collagen fibers and is part of the organic materials in the matrix of bone is the__________substance

ground

Donor bone marrow is most commonly harvested from the ______.

iliac crest

Spongy bone is located ______ to compact bone.

internal

Based on shape, bones that have elaborate, complex shapes are classified as ______.

irregular

The femur is an example of a ______ bone.

long

The bones in your toes, bones in your palm, the thigh bone, and the bones in your fingers?

long bones

Which bones are greater in length than width?

long bones

The cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the

marrow cavity

Osteocytes are ______.

mature bone cells

The region of a mature bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis is the

metaphysis

An osteoblast is an example of which type of component of bone?

organic

Another term for bone tissue is ______ connective tissue.

osseus

A small, immature bone cell derived from an osteoprogenitor cell that functions to lay down new bone for bone growth, remodeling, and repair is known as a(n) __________.

osteoblast

Osteitis deformans is caused by increased ______ activity.

osteoblast and osteocyte

______ are large phagocytic cells found in bone.

osteoclasts

Mature bone cells sitting in lacunae are called ______.

osteocytes

When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called ______.

osteocytes

Osteitis deformans is also called_______disease

paget

A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called ______.

periosteum

Osteoblasts function to ______.

produce osteoid

Which is a function of bone?

protection of organs

Anemia is a disease of low oxygen delivery to tissues. This is sometimes the result of a low number of ______.

red blood cells

The diaphysis of a bone is the ______ of a bone.

shaft

The second most common site to harvest bone marrow is the ______.

sternum

In adults, the medullary cavity contains ______ bone marrow.

yellow

Severe anemia can trigger the conversion of______ bone marrow into ______ bone marrow.

yellow, red