Chapter 8: Abnormal Psychology

List the major sources of evidence for the sociocognitive model of DID

Base rates of the disorder increased with media attention to the disorder, therapists who see the most DID cases rely on techniques like hypnosis that could produce alters, most clients are unaware of alters until after they receive psychotherapy, DID can be role played, most people with DID share memories amount alters

Describe treatments to reduce pain in somatic symptoms and disorders

CBT, hypnosis, ACT and low antidepressant

Dissociative Disorders

Depersonalization/derealization disorder Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative Identity Disorder

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Excessive thoughts, distress, and behavior related to somatic symptoms for atleast 6 months

Somatic symptom disorder involves hyper activation of the cerebellum

False

conversion disorder is highly heritable (T/F)

False

Factitious Disorder

Falsification of psychological or physical symptoms without evidence of gains from those symptoms

Malingering

Intentionally faking a psychological or somatic symptoms to gain from those symptoms

Explicit Memory

Might as a person to remember words

Conversion Disorder

Neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by medical disease or culturally sanctioned behavior (blindness, seizures, paralysis)Di

How many randomized controlled trials are available to assess the efficacy of psychological treatments of DID?

None

Sociocognitive Model (DID)

People who have been abused seek symptoms and alters appear in response.

Most patients with DID report child abuse (T/F)

True

the psychodynamic model of conversion disorder emphasizes unconscious perceptions

True

Which types of interventions for DID appear to be harmful?

age repression and hypnosis

The key feature of the fugue subtype of dissociative amnesia is:

assumption of a new identity or bewildered wandering

what is the major difference between somatic disorder and illness anxiety disorder?

at least one somatic symptom disorder, but no significant somatic symptoms are present in illness anxiety disorder

dissociative identity disorder

at least two distinct personalities that act independently of each other

Describe historical changes in rates of DID

before 1800 very few cases were recorded. Increase with media attention and diagnostic criteria were introduced in the 1970's.

Thomas's opthalmologist referred him for psychological treatment. Thomas reported that 2 weeks before he suddenly developed tunnel vision. Medical test failed to reveal any reason and no sign of faking symptoms: a. somatic symptom disorder b. illness anxiety disorder c. malingering d. conversion disorder

conversion disorder

Iatrogenic

created within treatment

Dissociative Disorders definition

defined by disruptions in the conscious awareness of experience, memory, or identity.

Somatic Symptom and Related disorders

defined by excessive concerns about physical symptoms or health

Describe outcomes that have been shown to be improved using CBT with somatic symptom and related disorders

diminished health anxiety, lower anxiety and depression, slightly decreased pain in somatic symptoms in somatic symptom related disorders, improved gait disturbance and lower rate of non epileptic seizures in conversion disorders

in the context of dissociative identity disorder alter refers to:

distinct personality

depersonalization/derealization disorder

experience of detachment from the self and reality

Paula, a 24 year old librarian sought psychological help on the advice of her sister because of her deep fears about her healthy, She would describe worries that she had cancer or a brain tumor. However, she had no somatic symptoms or signs of these conditions but every time she saw a condition, or report, she became worried she might have it. She had seen doctors frequently but no disease was identified. She become annoyed, criticized, and left the doctors: a. somatic symptom disorder b. illness anxiety disorder c. malingering d. Conversion disorder

illness anxiety disorder

dissociative amnesia

lack of conscious access to memory, typically of a stressful experience. The fugue subtype involves traveling or wandering coupled with loss of memory of ones identity or past

Fugue Subtype

memory loss is more extensive. Person usually wanders from home, others may take on a new home, and new job, and even new personality

Which medications reduce DID symptoms?

none

Johns surgeon referred him for psychological treatment because he seemed excessively nervous about his health. In the past 5 years, john had sought a stunning array of medical treatments, and tests for stomach distress, itching, frequent urination, and a number of others. He had received 10 MRIS and too many X-rays to count with 15 different specialists. a. somatic symptom disorder b. illness anxiety disorder c. malingering d. conversion disorder

somatic symptom disorder

Posttraumatic Model (DID)

some people are particularly likely to use dissociation to cope with trauma and that dissociation is the key reason people develop alters after trauma

Illness Anxiety Disorder

unwarranted fears about a serious illness in the absence of any significant somatic symptoms

Implicit Memory

words have subtler effects