Chapter 8 Bio

fermentation

Anaerobic breakdown of glucose that results in a gain of two ATP and end products such as alcohol and lactate

anaerobic

Growing or metabolizing in the absence of oxygen

3

How many ATP molecules are usually produced per NADH?

10

How many NADH molecules are produced during the complete breakdown of one molecule of glucose?

NAD+ is a coenzyme of oxidation reduction. When paired with a hydrogen ion and two electrons, NADH results. FAD is another coenzyme of oxidation reduction. When paired with two hydrogen ions and two electrons, FADH2 results.

What are NAD+ and FAD? What are their functions?

Glucose is split into two pyruvate molecules in the cytoplasm. 2 ATP and 2 NADH gained. An enzyme passes a high energy phosphate to ADP, and ATP results in substrate level ATP synthesis.

What are the main events of glycolysis? How is ATP formed?

Acetyl CoA enters, substrates are oxidized and 4 NADH result, releasing 4 CO2. 2 ATP and 2 FADH2 are produced.

What are the main events of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)?

chemiosmosis

What is the name of the process that adds the third phosphate to an ADP molecule using the flow of hydrogen ions?

catabolism

Breaking down molecules, tends to be exergonic.

Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate. The prep reaction breaks down the pyruvate and releases CO2. The Krebs cycle takes in the acetyl group. 4 CO2, 2 ATP, NADH, and FADH2 form. The electron transport chain takes in O2 and releases H2O and 32 ATP.

Briefly describe the four phases of cellular respiration

Glycolysis yields 2 ATP, substrate level ATP synthesis yields 4 ATP, electron transport chains yield 32 ATP. 36 total ATP

Calculate the energy yield of glycolysis and complete glucose breakdown. Compare the yields from substrate level ATP synthesis and from the electron transport chain.

C3 pyruvate produces CO2, NAD+ produces NADH. Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria.

Give the substrates and end products of the prep reaction. Where does it take place?

chemiosmosis

Process by which mitochondrian and chloroplasts use the energy of an electron transport chain to create a hydrogen ion gradient that drives ATP formation

anabolism

Synthesizing molecules, tends to be endergonic. Driven by the ATP made in catabolism.

the citric acid cycle

The greatest contributor of electrons to the electron transport chain is

electron transport chain

The metabolic process that producess the most ATP molecules is...

H2O

The oxygen required by cellular respiration is reduced and becomes part of which molecule?

All of these are correct

The prep reaction

All of these are possible

Which are possible products of fermentation?

NADH denotes electrons to electron transport chain

Which of these is not true of fermentation?

produces ATP by substrate-level ATP synthesis

Which of these is not true of the citric acid cycle? The electron transport chain...

produces more NADH than does glycolysis

Which of these is not true of the prep reaction? The prep reaction...

glycolysis

anaerobic breakdown of glucose that results in a gain of two ATP and end product pyruvate