Chapter 8

A man who weighs 176 lbs and consumes the amount of protein that is average for men in the United States, will consume about _____ grams more protein than his protein RDA.

36

In times of energy and protein abundance, the body converts the extra amino into:

fatty acids

The overall shape of a protein molecule determines its:

function

Proteins called ______ are chemical messengers that travel in your bloodstream and have a regulatory function.

hormones

Which of the following will NOT denature proteins?

water

What is TRUE about the protein intake in the United States?

Protein intake levels are above the RDA for most people in the United States

What would happen if the diet lacks an essential amino acid?

Protein synthesis is limited

What happens when the albumin in the blood gets too low?

Fluid retention occurs in the extremities

____ provide(s) the information for the assembly of amino acids into a particular protein.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Which of the following is NOT a possible fate of any amino acids that are consumed in excess of our protein requirements?

Excess amino acids may be stored as proteins

What is TRUE about animal protein sources?

They contain saturated fat

How does the denaturation of protein by stomach acid (hydrochloric acid) promote protein digestion?

allows enzyme access to the peptide bonds

Proteins are synthesized by forming peptide bonds between one amino acid's _____ and another's _____.

amino group; acid group

The amino acid in the shortest supply relative to its requirement is referred to as the _____ amino acid.

limiting

Urea is synthesized in the:

liver

What atom is found in all amino acids but is NOT present in starches or triglycerides?

nitrogen

Protein is synthesized by linking different amino acids together by _____ bonds into a chain.

peptide

A protein that increases the transcription of a gene in response to a specific environmental stimulus best exemplifies what type of protein function?

regulation

Enzymes that digest short peptides are produced primarily by:

small intestinal mucosal cells

Individual amino acids are absorbed by mucosal cells of the:

small intestine