Chapter 8 EX PHYS

Cardiovascular strain may lead to which of the following?

increased blood viscosity increased heart rate hyperthermia

_____ is a decline in arterial oxygen saturation and is more likely seen in highly trained aerobic athletes performing aerobic exercise at or near maximal intensity.

exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia

Which of the following explain the difference in the blood pressure response to upper body aerobic exercise versus lower body aerobic exercise of equivalent intensities?

greater relative vasoconstriction than vasodilation

_____ reflects the percentage of total blood volume composed of cells or formed elements.

hematocrit

Chemical buffers transport metabolic acids to which of the following for elimination from the body?

lungs kidneys

The ____ refers to the rhythmic mechanical compression of veins that occurs during rhythmic skeletal muscle action and assists in pushing blood back to the heart during exercise.

muscle pump

Which of the following are intrinsic processes that allow blood vessels to regulate blood flowing through them?

myogenic contraction nitric oxide production metabolic regulation

_____ is a heart rate that is maintained at submaximal levels of exercise when the rate of work is held constant; it represents the optimal HR for meeting the circulatory demands at that specific work rate.

steady state heart rate

Which of the following represent the normal response of systolic and diastolic blood pressure during incremental aerobic exercise?

systolic increases steadily, while diastolic remains essentially unchanged

Average oxygen content of arterial blood is approximately _____ per 100 ml / blood.

20 mL

At which of the following aerobic exercise intensities does stroke volume typically plateau?

40-60% VO2max

Resting heart rate, on average, ranges between _____ beats per minute (bpm).

60-80

Aerobically-trained individuals have higher resting cardiac output values than sedentary persons.

False

As water is lost from a fluid compartment, the osmotic pressure of that compartment decreases.

False

End diastolic volume may be accurately referred to as afterload, as it determines the degree to which the myocardium is stretched before it contracts.

False

_____ describes the relationship between end diastolic volume and the force of subsequent ventricular contraction.

Frank Starling's Law of the Heart

Ventricular contractility can be increased through which of the following?

Frank-Starling's mechanism sympathetic stimulation

Which of the following is the correct unit of expression for cardiac output?

L/min

High temperatures increase heart rate.

True

Stroke volume is the difference between end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume.

True

The a-vO2 difference increases during exercise.

True

The heart circulates nearly the entire volume of blood in the body every minute at rest.

True

_____ is the difference in oxygen content between arterial and venous blood.

a-v O2 difference

_____ represents the pressure against which the heart must pump blood and is determined by peripheral resistance in the arteries.

afterload

_____ represents the pressure against which the heart must pump blood and is determined by peripheral resistance in the large arteries.

afterload

_____ are blood vessels that are heavily innervated by the sympathetic nervous system and are the main site of control of blood flow to specific tissues.

arterioles

Which of the following is the primary chemical buffer in the blood?

bicarbonate

Which of the following mechanisms allow heart rate to increases with exercise? (Indicate all correct)

decreased parasympathetic drive increased sympathetic drive

During which of the following phases are heart chambers filling with blood?

diastole

_____ is the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of systole.

end systolic volume

_____ is the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole.

end-diastolic volume

Which of the following explain the increase in pulmonary ventilation during low intensity aerobic exercise?

increased respiratory depth (i.e. breathing more deeply)

Which of the following are explanations for a potential decrease in systolic blood pressure during prolonged endurance exercise?

increased vasodilator concentration fluid loss