Chapter 8

Which of the following is most likely to be stored as an implicit memory?

a conditioned fear of guns

Employing the single word HOMES to remember the names of North America's five Great Lakes best illustrates the use of

a mnemonic device.

It is easier to remember "what sobriety conceals, alcohol reveals" than to recall "what sobriety conceals, alcohol unmasks." This best illustrates the value of

acoustic encoding.

Memories of emotional events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the

amygdala.

When you hear familiar words in your native language, it is virtually impossible not to register the meanings of the words. This best illustrates the importance of

automatic processing.

Combining individual letters into familiar words enables you to remember more of the letters in this sentence. This best illustrates the value of

chunking.

The extensive rehearsal necessary to encode nonsense syllables best illustrates

effortful processing.

Mr. Nydam suffers amnesia and is unable to remember playing golf on a particular course. Yet the more he plays the course, the more his game improves. His experience illustrates the need to distinguish between

explicit memory and implicit memory.

Having read a story once, certain amnesia victims will read it faster the second time even though they can't recall having seen the story before. They have most likely suffered damage to the

hippocampus.

Which of the following is believed to be the synaptic basis for learning and memory?

long-term potentiation

The surprising ease with which people form false memories best illustrates that the processes of encoding and retrieval involve

memory construction.

Whenever Valerie experiences intense feelings of fear, she is overwhelmed with childhood memories of her abusive parents. Valerie's experience best illustrates

mood-congruent memory.

Although Ron typically smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, he recalls smoking little more than a pack a day. This poor memory best illustrates

motivated forgetting.

To recall his early life experiences, Aaron formed vivid mental images of the various rooms in his childhood home. Aaron was applying the process of

priming.

During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates

proactive interference.

A measure of your memory in which you need to pick the correctly learned answer from a displayed list of options is known as a measure of

recognition.

An understanding of the spacing effect provides insight into effective strategies for

rehearsal.

Mrs. McBride can't consciously recall how frequently she criticizes her children because it would be too anxiety-arousing to do so. Sigmund Freud would have suggested that her poor memory illustrates

repression.

The happier Judie is, the more readily she recalls experiences with former teachers who were warm and generous. This best illustrates that emotional states can be

retrieval cues.

While taking the final exam in American history, Marie was surprised and frustrated by her momentary inability to remember the name of the first president of the United States. Her difficulty most clearly illustrates

retrieval failure.

Although Jordan could not recall the exact words of a poem he had recently heard, he clearly remembered the meaning of the poem. This best illustrates the importance of

semantic encoding.

Ebbinghaus observed that it is much easier to learn meaningful material than to learn nonsense material. This best illustrates the advantage of

semantic encoding.

After Maya gave her friend the password to a protected Web site, the friend was able to remember it only long enough to type it into the password box. In this instance, the password was clearly stored in her ________ memory.

short-term

When you have to make a long-distance call, dialing an unfamiliar area code plus a seven-digit number, you are likely to have trouble retaining the just-looked-up number. This best illustrates the limited capacity of ________ memory.

short-term

Recalling something that you had once merely imagined happening as something you had directly experienced best illustrates

source amnesia.

Several months after watching a science fiction movie about spaceship travel and alien abductions, Steve began to remember that he had been abducted by aliens and personally subjected to many of the horrors portrayed in the movie. His mistaken recall best illustrates

source amnesia.

After Teresa was verbally threatened by someone in a passing car, she was asked whether she recognized the man who was driving the car. Several hours later, Teresa mistakenly recalled that the driver was a male rather than a female. Teresa's experience best illustrates

the misinformation effect.

At a block party, Cyndi is introduced to eight new neighbors. Moments later, she remembers only the names of the first three and last two neighbors. Her experience illustrates

the serial position effect.

Students who review previously learned course material at various times throughout a semester to pass a comprehensive final are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This best illustrates the value of

the spacing effect.

The peg-word system relies heavily on the use of

visual encoding.