Chapter 8 - Means of Egress -PX

Means of Egress

-A continuous and unobstructed path of vertical and horizontal egress travel from any point in a building or structure to a public way -Three Parts: The exit access, the exit and exit discharge & public way

public way, 10'0"

-Any street, alley, or similar parcel of land essentially unobstructed from the ground to the sky that is permanently appropriated to the public for public use and has a clear width of not less than ____.

B

-Occupancy groups whose maximum travel distance is 200 sprinklered, 300 unsprinklered.

Exit Access

-That portion of the means of egress that leads to the entrance of an exit. -And concept does not provide travel -The portion of the building where travel distance is measured and regulated

Exit Discharge

-That portion of the means-of-egress system between the termination of the exit and a public way. -typically include portions outside the exterior walls -May include building lobbies of multi story buildings if one of the exit stairways opens into the lobby and certain conditions are met

What conditions must be met in order for the lobby of a building to be considered part of exit discharge?

-The exit door in the lobby must be clearly visible -The level of discharge must be sprinkled -The entire area of discharge must be separated from areas below by the same fire resistance rating as for the exit enclosure that opens onto it * IBC considers exterior exit stairways and ramps to be exits NOT exit discharge areas

Exit

-The portion of the egress system which provides a protected path of egress -exits are fully enclosed and protected from all other interior spaces by fire resistance rated construction with protected openings -May be as simple as an exterior exit door at ground level or may include exit closures for stairs and horizontal exits -May include exterior exit stairs and ramps -MUST have either one or two hour rating -travel distance is not an issue once the exit has been reached

Travel Distance

-aka exit access travel distance(IBC) -the distance that an occupant must travel from the most remote point in the occupied portions of the exit access to the entrance to the nearest exit.

intumescent material

-material that swells and chars when exposed to heat to form a barrier to smoke and fire

Corridor

-portion of an exit access leading to an exit. Purpose is to provide a safe means of egress from a room or space to a building exit or another approved exitway, such as a stairway.

Exit Discharge

-portion of the egress system between the termination of an exit and a public way. -Typically include portions outside the exterior walls such as exterior exit balconies, exterior exit stairways, and exit courts.

Positive pressure fire testing

-simulates actual fire conditions with positive pressure on the fire side of the door above a certain point(neutral pressure level) on the door and negative pressure below this point -Under such conditions, there is a greater tendency for smoke and gases to be forced through the crack between the door and frame.

Occupant load factor

-the amount of floor area presumed to be occupied by one person -Based on the generic function of building spaces and is not the same as the occupancy groups

Occupant load

-the number of people that a building code assumes will occupy a given building or portion of a building.

Common path of egress travel

-the portion of an exit access that the occupants are required to traverse before two separate and distinct paths of egress travel to two exits become available

Exit

-the portion of the egress system that provides a protected path of egress between the exit access and the exit discharge -Full enclosed and protected from all other interior spaces by fire-resistance-rated construction with protected openings

Walls in one hour rated corridors MUST extend through the ceiling to a rated floor or roof above unless.....

...... the ceiling of the entire story is one hour rated

All I occupancies must have _________ rated Corridors regardless of occupant load.

1 hr

Dead end corridors are limited to 20 feet. There are three exceptions:

1. For occupancy groups B, E, F, I-1, M, R-1, R-2, R-4, S & U dead end corridors may be 50' if entire building has automatic sprinkler system. 2. Dead end Corridors may be 50' long in Groups I-2 when security conditions 2, 3 or 4 are met in detention facilities. 3. Dead ends are NOT Limited in length where the length of the corridor is 2.5 times the narrowest part of the dead end corridor.

All Group R occupancies must have one hour rated Corredor if the occupant load is greater than _______.

10

When two exits are required, corridors MUST we laid out so that it is possible to travel in _____ directions to an exit.

2

For occupancy groups B, E, F, I-1, M, R-1, R-2, R-4 & S, dead end corridors are generally limited to a max length of ______ , but when building has automatic sprinkler system dead and corridor limit is increased to _____.

20' 50'

Exit widths on the NCIDQ exam are usually satisfied by the minimum ______exit door width and having _______ exits. For business, residential and some educational occupancies in most cases.

3' door 2 exits

What is the clear opening width of a 36" door??

33" clear

All stairways serving an occupant load of 49 or less must not be less than __________ wide

36"

Absolute minimum width for corridors in most occupancies is _________, yes the corridor serves an occupant load of_______ or more.

44" 50 or more

exits

According to the IBC, exterior exit stairways and ramps are considered ____ not exit discharge areas.

How do you determine the occupant load for a given space?

Area ft2/ occupant load factor Area = 1200 ft2 OLF = 20 1200/20 = 60 ; 60 = Occupant load aka # of occupants allowed

yes, if the door in the lobby is clearly visible, the level of discharge is sprinklered, and the entire area of discharge is separated from areas below by the same fire-resistance rating as for the exit enclosure that opens onto it

Can an exit discharge include a lobby or multistory buildings?

1-hour, 10, 30

Corridors must be built of ___ construction when serving an occupant load of ___ or more in Group R1 and I occupancies, and when serving an occupant load of ___ or more in other occupancies.

During Practicum spaces should be planned to avoid ______________________ altogether if possible.

Dead end Corridors

20 minutes smoke and draft control seals

Doors placed in a 1 hour corridor MUST have a fire rating of at least ___ and include approved _____ around the door. Also, the door must be self closing or automatic closing by activation of a smoke detector. Door and frame must bear UL rating.

Automatic closers tested/approved all hardware

Egress doors MUST have ___ and ____. MUST provide tight seal against _______ & _________.

hazardous areas, 50

Egress doors must be pivoted or side-hinged and swing in the direction of travel when serving ____ or areas with an occupant load of ____ or more.

the common path of travel exceeds the limits given in the code

Even if two exits are not required based on the occupant load, two exits will be required if...

rooms, spaces, aisles, interviewing rooms, hallways, corridors, ramps, and doorways.

Examples of exit access:

exit door, enclosures for stairs, exit passageways, horizontal exits, exterior exit stairways and ramps

Examples of exits

occupancy and construction type

Exit access may or may not be protected depending of the specific requirements of the code based on ____ and ____.

1 or 2 hours

Exits must have fire ratings of either ____.

The clear opening width of a door is measured from the _________ of the door and the _____________ when the door is open __________.

Face Doorstop 90°

When a duct penetrates a rated Corredor it must be provided with a _________ _________.

Fire damper

In buildings of Group A, B, E, F, I-2 & I-4, M, S & U when sprinklered, corridors do NOT have to be ________.

Fire-resistive rated

the actual number of seats + the occupant load of areas in which fixed seating is not installed

For areas with fixed seating, occupant load is determined by?

Taking the area assigned to a particular use and dividing it by the occupant load factor per code

For areas without fixed seating, occupant loads are determined by

18"

For fixed seating without dividing arms, the occupant load is base on one person for each ____ of seating lenght

24"

For seating booths, the assumed unit is one person for each ____ of booth seat length.

1000

Four exits are required when the occupant load is greater than ____.

wired glass

Glass in egress doors MUST be ___.

3/4 hour 25%

Glass may be used in a 1-hour rated corridor walls only if listed and labeled as ___ fire-protection rating and total area does not exceed _______ of the length of the corridor wall of the room that it is separating from the corridor.

....stairs, corridors, toilet rooms, mechanical rooms, closets, and interior partition thicknesses.

Gross floor area includes spaces such as....

4 1/2"

Handrails may reduce the required means of egress width no more than ____ on each side

1. stock must be the same hazard classifications as the main retail 2. not more than 50% of the exit access can be through the stockroom 3. the stockroom cannot be subject to locking from the egress side 4. there must be a demarcated aisle with a minimum width of 44"

IBC allows egress to pass through a stockroom that serves a Group M occupancy is the following four conditions are met:

A, B, E, F, I2, I4, M, S, U

If a building is fully sprinklered, corridors in these groups do not have to have a fire rating, so fire-protection-rated doors are not required.

-the clear width, not the width of the door.

If doors are part of the require egress width, what width must be used?

there is no limitation

If fire-resistance-rated glazing is used, what is the limitation on the percentage of glazing that may be used?

Occupant load x 0.2" Occupant Load x 0.15"

If the building is equipped with an automatic sprinkler system and an emergency voice/alarm communication system, the min width of exit stairways is ___ and ___ for exit components that aren't stairways. * exception of group H and group I-2

Each area is calculated with its respective occupant load factor, and then all loads are added together

If there are mixed occupancies or uses, how is the load factor calculated?

- fire partitions - occupancy separations

In a 1 hour rated partition, Door assembly must be 3/4 hour rated in these locations:

- exit passageways - exit stairs

In a 1 hour rated partition, Doors assembly must be 1 hour rated in these locations:

- corridors - smoke barriers

In a 1 hour rated partition, Doors assembly must be 20 minutes rated in the following locations:

- exit stairs -fire separations

In a 2 hour rated partition, Doors assembly must be 1 1/2 hour rated in these locations:

A, B, E, F, I-2, I-4, M, S, U

In sprinklered buildings, which occupancy groups' corridors do not have to be fire-resistive rated?

48"

Max width of swinging egress doors is ___.

H4, H5, I1, I2, I3, I4, R

Maximum occupant load is 10 for which occupancy types?

S

Maximum occupant load is 29 for which occupancy types?

H1, H2, H3

Maximum occupant load is 3 for which occupancy types?

A, B, E, F, M, U

Maximum occupant load is 49 for which occupancy types?

occupancy of the building, whether or not the building is sprinklered

Maximum travel distances are based on the ____ and ____.

1. The exit access 2. the exit 3. The discharge

Means of egress consists of what three parts?

public way

Means of egress must lead to a _____.

32" clear, 36" door

Minimum clear with of door

80"

Minimum height of egress doors

adjoining or intervening room or spaces, but not through... kitchens, storerooms, rest rooms, closets, or spaces used for similar purposes

Most codes allow a room to have one exit through ______ but not through _____. Provided it provides a direct obvious an unobstructed means of travel to the exit corridor or other exit.

1 1/2"

Nonstructural horizontal projections, such as trim and similar decorative features, may project a maximum of ____ horizontally from either side.

A, E, F1, M, R, S1

Occupancy groups whose maximum travel distance is 200 sprinklered, 250 unsprinklered.

F2, S2, U

Occupancy groups whose maximum travel distance is 300 sprinklered, 400 unsprinklered.

The required minimum width of exits is determined by multiplying the _________ ________ by _______ for stairways and ________ for egress components other than stairways.

Occupant load 0.3" 0.2"

occupancy classification

Occupant load is based on ____.

Means of Egress

One of the most important requirements of any building code. Also known as exiting

Educational and assembly occupancies require________ __________.

Panic hardware

In addition to having a 20 minute fire rating, doors in Corridors and smoke barriers must meet the requirements for _________ __________ ________ ___________.

Positive pressure fire testing

4", 27-80"

Structural elements, such as light fixtures or furnishings, may project no more than ___ horizontally, at a height of _____ above the walking surface.

TRUE

T or F: Foyers, lobbies, and reception rooms constructed as required for corridors (with 1-hr rated wall) are not considered intervening rooms, so occupants can exit through those spaces.

TRUE, however in some cases, the local building official may reduce the occupant load if they determine two areas would not normally be used at once.

T or F: In determining the occupant load, all portions of the building are presumed to be occupied at the same time.

TRUE

T or F: Travel distance is not an issue once the exit has been reached

TRUE

T or F: fire-rated corridors considered exit access

Occupancy, occupant load & Sprinklered

The IBC limits the length of dead-end corridors based on_________, _____________ served & if the bldg is _______________.

72", 100

The IBC requires that corridors in schools be ___ wide when serving an occupant load of ____ or more.

Occupant load x 0.3" Occupant Load x 0.2"

The required minimum width of stairways serving an occupant load of 50 or more MUST be at least 44" or ____ and ___.

501 and 1000

Three exits are required when the occupant load is between ___ and ____.

gasketing or intumescent material

To meet the requirement of positive pressure fire testing, a door must have ____ or ____ along its edge or frame

IBC does not allow exiting from a sleeping area through other sleeping areas or _________.

Toilet rooms

All egress doors need MUST swing in the correct direction. Doors MUST NOT swing into a required ___________ ________ or __________.

Travel path or Corridor

1-R2 and R3 (apts and condos) - only one exit is permitted when the occupant load is 20 or less & Equipped with a sprinkler system 2-care suites in group I-2 occupancies w/med care 24 hrs & special egress requirements for I-2

What are the 2 exceptions to the two exit requirements?

1. Occupant load and occupancy of a space 2. Limitations on the common path of egress travel 3. specific requirements when large occupant loads are encountered 4. Whether or not the building a sprinklered

What determines the number of exits or exit access doorways?

exit access

What is the portion of the building where travel distance is measured and regulated?

their own occupant load, the occupant load of the accessory space

When an occupant load from an accessory space exits through a primary space, the egress facilities from the primary space occupant load must include ____ plus _____.

when the number of occupants of a space exceeds the number given in the code

When are two exits required?

-when there is an assembly occupancy (with a very low occupant load factor) or a very large space

When should exit width be verified?

panic hardware

hardware that unlatches the door when pressure is applied against it rather than requiring a turning motion as with a doorknob or lever handle.