Chapter 8: Microbial Genetics & Genetic Engineering

What are the 3 components of a DNA nucleotide (check all that apply) -ATP -nitrogenous base -phosphate -deoxyribose sugar -ribose sugar

nitrogenous base, phosphate, deoxyribose sugar

In a protozoal or fungal cell, chromosomes are located in the ______.

nucleus

DNA _____ must occur prior to cell division to ensure that each new cell has a complete genome.

replication

During ________, the DNA is duplicated prior to binary fission. -transcription -replication -translation

replication

The backbone of an RNA strand is formed by bonding the ______ of one nucleotide to the _____ of another nucleotide.

sugar; phosphate

The expression of the genotype creates traits referred to as -the genome -the phenotype -semiconservative replication

the phenotype

Which two components of a nucleotide are bound to form the backbone of a DNA strand? -nitrogenous base -deoxyribose sugar -hydrogen bond -phosphate

deoxyribose sugar, phosphate

In which of the following ways do the chromosomes of bacteria and eukaryotes differ? -Eukaryotic chromosomes are located in the nucleus and bacterial chromosomes are not it a membrane-bound organelle. -Eukaryotic chromosomes are always DNA but bacterial chromosomes can be DNA or RNA. -Eukaryotes have histones but bacteria have histone-like proteins that are not true histones. -Eukaryotic chromosomes are circular but bacterial chromosomes are usually linear.

eukaryotic chromosomes are located in the nucleus and bacterial chromosomes are not in a membrane-bound organelle, eukaryotes have histones but bacteria have histone-like proteins that are not true histones

T/F: Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of DNA and RNA.

false

A(n) _______ is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for a group of related proteins. -chromosome -gene -triplet -genome -protein -codon

gene

______ are segments of DNA that contain information for a particular cell function or trait.

genes

_____ is the study of the inheritance of living things.

genetics

Which term represents all of the genetic information within a cell? -Chromosome -Gene -Genome

genome

The term _____ refers to all the genes constituting an organism's distinctive genetic makeup, the expression of which results in the organism's phenotype.

genotype

Where are the chromosomes of yeast cells located? -in the nucleus -on the rough ER -free in the cytoplasm

in the nucleus

Which of the following are the three major types of RNA? -deoxyribose -messenger -ribosomal -transfer -polymerase

messenger, ribosomal, transfer

Which sequence of DNA nucleotides is complementary to the DNA triplet 5'-ATG-3' -3'-TAC-5' -3'-UAC-5' -5'-TAC-3' -3'-ATG-5'

3'-TAC-5'

If a DNA molecule contains 15% adenine nucleotides, what percent of cytosine does it contain? -25% -15% -30% -35%

35%

Genomes of cells are composed of -RNA -protein -DNA

DNA

A ______ is a discrete cellular structure composed of a neatly packaged DNA molecule.

chromosome

Which is true regarding bacterial chromosomes? -located in the nucleoid region of the cytoplasm -enclosed in a membrane-bound organelle

located in the nucleoid region of the cytoplasm