Chapter 8 Pelvis

The upper portion of the acetabulum is created by the ______.

Body of the ilium

Encloses the ovaries and uterine tubes

Broad ligament

The thickened fold of mesentery that supports and stabilizes the potion of the each ovary is the

Broad ligament

Gynecoid pelvis

Classic female pelvis •Rounded anterior and posterior segments •Favorable for vaginal birth

The muscles that form the posterior portion of the pelvic floor are the:

Coccygeus

what is it called when the testis fail to descend?

Cryptorchism

The _______ portion of the uterine tubes opens directly into the peritoneal cavity .

Distal

What is another name for the Vas deferens?

Ductus deferens

The wall of the uterus is composed of three layers:

Endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium

The _______ are tightly coiled structures that store sperm for the final stages of maturation.

Epididymis

(true or false) Sperm are produced in the epididymis.

False

(true or false) The gluteus maximus muscle is the most important muscle for flexing the leg, which makes walking possible.

False

(true or false) The internal and external iliac veins join to form the inferior vena cava.

False

(true or false) The psoas muscle unites with the obturator internus muscle to form the iliopsoas muscle.

False

The ________are finger like projections on the infundibulum that spread loosely over the surface of the ovaries

Fimbriace

List the three gluteus muscles and define their combined function

Gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus- these muscles function together to abduct,rotate and extend the thigh.

What is another name for the False pelvis?

Greater pelvis (above the pelvic brim)

Which broad muscle covers the anterior surface of the iliac fossa?

Iliacus

What is the largest vein in the body?

Inferior vena cava

The obturator and umbilical arteries are branches of which artery?

Internal iliac

What is another name for the True pelvis?

Lesser pelvis (pelvic organs)

Which muscle forms the major part of the pelvic diaphragm?

Levator ani

Pelvic Structures and Childbearing

Major differences between male and female pelves -Female pelvis is adapted for childbearing •Pelvis is lighter, wider, and shallower than in the male •Provides more room in the true pelvis

Shortest portion of the male urethra

Membranous urethra

Thickest portion of uterine wall

Myometrium

Which of the following ligaments attach the inferior aspect of the ovaries to the lateral surface of the uterus and uterine tubes?

Ovarian

Secretes female sex hormones

Ovaries

False and True Pelvis cont.

Pelvis is divided by imaginary line ( linea terminalis ) that extends from sacroiliac joint to the anterior iliopubic prominence •Upper or False pelvis supports the enlarging uterus and guides fetus into true pelvis •Lower or True pelvis consist of pelvic inlet , pelvic cavity and pelvic outlet •True pelvis important dictates the bony limits of bony canal

The muscle that acts to rotate the thigh laterally and originates from the ilium and sacrum and passes through the greater sciatic notch to insert on the greater trochanter of the femur is the:

Piriformis

What is the largest accessory structure of the male reproductive system?

Prostate gland

The ejaculatory duct opens into the:

Prostatic cord

Ejaculatory duct empties into the

Prostatic urethra

Which of the following muscles originates from the symphysis pubis and extends to the xyphoid process and costal cartilage of the fifth, sixth, and seventh rib?

Rectus abdominis

Which of the following suspensory ligaments of the uterus help to prevent posterior movement of the uterus as they extend laterally from the uterine cornu through the inguinal canal and anchor to the labia majora?

Round

Which of the following acts as a bony landmark separating the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity?

Sacral promontory

Attaches the ovaries to the pelvic wall

Suspensory ligament

What is another name for the Greater Vestibular gland?

The Bartholin's gland

Describe the function of the fimbriae.

The fimbriae spread loosely over the surface of the ovaries. During ovulation; the fimbriae trap the ovuimand sweep it into the uterine tubes.

Describe how the pelvic perineum is divided.

The perineum is divided into two triangles, posterior, and anterior, by joining the ischial tuberosities with an imaginary line. The posterior triangle is the anal triangle , and the anterior tiriangle is the urogenital triangle.

Pelvic Outlet

Transverse diameter of outlet is a measurement of distance between inner surfaces of ischial tuberosities also known as BIISCHIAL DIAMETER . •The AP measurement of outlet distance between lower border of symphysis pubis and tip of sacrum . (measured by vaginal exam ) •Sagittal diameters - middle of transverse diameter to the pubic bone anteriorly and to sacrococcygeal bone posteriorly

(true or false ) The pectineal line is located on the upper surface of the superior pubic ramus.

True

(true or false) An inferior band of fibrous connective tissue from the external oblique muscle folds back on itself to form the inguinal ligament.

True

(true or false) The apex of the bladder is attached to the anterior abdominal wall by the median umbilical ligament

True

(true or false) The posterior surface of the bladder is referred to as the fundus or base.

True

(true or false) The round ligaments extend from the cornua of the uterus to prevent posterior movement.

True

Protects the fetus

Uterus

Transmit sperm to the ejaculatory duct

Vas deferens

Which structure transports sperm from the testes?

Vas deferens

Located between the uterus and bladder

Vesicouterine pouch

Android pelvis

Wedge shape inlet with narrow anterior segment •Typical of male anatomy

os coxae

are made up of three bones: ilium,pubis, and ischium

Pelvic Girdle

attaches lower limbs to the spine •Supports visceral organs •Attaches to the axial skeleton by strong ,ligaments •Acetabulum is a deep cup that holds the head of the femur -Lower limbs have less freedom of movement •Are more stable than the arm

The broad ligament encloses all of the following except:

bladder

True and False Pelves

bony pelvis is divided into two regions -False (greater) pelvis—bounded by alae of the iliac bones -True (lesser) pelvis—inferior to pelvic brim •Forms a bowl containing the pelvic organs

The _______ zone of the prostate surrounds the urethra.

central

Pelvic Girdle cont.

consists of paired hip bones (coxal bones) •Hip bones unite anteriorly with each other •Articulates posteriorly with the sacrum

Bones of the Pelvic Girdle

deep, basin-like structure •Formed by: -Coxal bones, sacrum, and coccyx

(true or false) The concave, anterior surface of the ala is termed the iliac fossa, which is separated from the body of the ilium by the pectineal liner.

false

Acetabulum

is a deep fossa that articulates with the head of the femur

The pelvic brim is formed by the _______line and the ______line.

peetineal, arcuate

The muscle that originates from the ilium and sacrum and passes through the greater sciatic notch to insert on the greater trochanter is the _____________.

piriformis

The __________ pouch is located between the uterus and rectum and is sometimes called the pouch of Douglas.

rectouterine

iliac fossa

the concave, anterior surface of the ala

ala

the large winglike projection of the ilium

Define the boundaries of the pelvic inlet and outlet

the pelvic inlet or superior aperture is measured in the anteroposterior direction from the sacral promontory to the superior margin or crest of the pubic bone. The pelvic outlet or inferior aperture is measured from the tip of the coccyx to the inferior margin of the pubic symphsis in the anteroposterior direction and between the ischial tuberosities in the horizontal direction.

Describe the trigone of the bladder.

the trigone is made up of three opening in the floor of the bladder. Two of the openings are created by the ureters, and the third opening is formed by the entrance to the urethra.

The male urethra can be divided into how many sections?

three

Anthropoid pelvis

•Anteroposterior diameter that equals or exceeds its transverse diameter •Shape is long and narrow oval •Infant born vaginally in the occiput posterior (back of fetal head towards mother s sacrum)

Ischium

•Forms posteroinferior region of the coxal bone •Anteriorly—joins the pubis •Ischial tuberosities-Are the strongest part of the hip bone

Pubis

•Forms the anterior region of the coxal bone •Lies horizontally in anatomical position •Pubic symphysis -The two pubic bones are joined by fibrocartilage at the midline •Pubic arch—inferior to the pubic symphysis -Angle helps distinguish male from female pelves

Ilium

•Large, flaring bone •Forms the superior region of the coxal bone •Site of attachment for many muscles•Articulation with the sacrum forms sacroiliac joint

Pelvic Diameters

•Pelvic Inlet - below linea terminalis •AP diameter - between symphysis pubis & sacrum shortest inlet diameter •Transverse diameter -across linea terminalis and is largest inlet diameter) •Oblique diameters measured from from right or left sacroiliac joints to the prominence of linea terminalis

Sacrum

•Sacral foramina-Ventral foramina •Passage for ventral rami of sacral spinal nerves -Dorsal foramina•Passage for dorsal rami of sacral spinal nerves

Sacrum (S1—S5)

•Shapes the posterior wall of pelvis •Formed from 5 fused vertebrae •Superior surface articulates with L5 •Inferiorly articulates with coccyx •Sacral promontory-Where the first sacral vertebrae bulges into pelvic cavity •Center of gravity is 1 cm posterior to sacral promontory •Ala—develops from fused rib elements

Platypelloid pelvis

•Shortened AP diameter, •Flat transverse oval shape •Unfavorable for vaginal birth