Chapter 8-PSYCH 111

How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory?

Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness.

Which of the following is an example of retrograde amnesia?

Jane Doe emerges from a coma with no idea who she is, and she is unable to provide any details about herself, where she came from, or what happened to her.

Which of the following is a good example of anterograde amnesia?

John Doe is in a car accident. Every day he wakes up with no memory of what he did the day before, feeling as though no time has passed because he is unable to form new memories.

Which of the following statements about the amygdala is correct?

The amygdala is involved in the process of transferring new learning into long-term memory.

________ encoding is the encoding of sounds.

acoustic

Forgetting anything good that happened on your trip to France because you just broke up with your French fiancée and now can't bear the thought of anything French is a good example of ________: Memories are distorted by your current belief system.

bias

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Long-term memory has two parts: semantic memory and episodic memory.

change the word "long-term" to the word "declarative"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The step of recall, which is the conscious repetition of information to be remembered in order to move it from STM into long-term memory, is called memory consolidation.

change the word "recall" to the word "rehearsal"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In order for a memory to go into storage, it has to pass through three distinct stages: transitional memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

change the word "transitional" to the word "sensory"

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________.

construction; reconstruction

Benigno wakes up in the middle of the night. He dreamed that he left the oven on, and he is now convinced that the oven is on. He can't go back to sleep until he turns the oven off. Which category of memory failure associated with the seven sins of memory is exemplified?

distortion

What did Lashley develop by purposely damaging the brains of rats that had learned a task and then testing those rats to see if the brain damage impaired their ability to complete that same task?

equipotentiality hypothesis

Chuck was in a car accident. He wishes he could put it behind him, but every night he has dreams about it, and every time he sees a car he remembers how he felt that day. Which category of memory failure associated with the seven sins of memory is exemplified?

intrusion

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, ________.

memories are processed the same way that a computer processes information

Researchers demonstrated that the hippocampus functions in memory processing by creating lesions in the hippocampi of rats, which resulted in ________.

memory impairment on various tasks, such as object recognition and maze running

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________.

retrieval

What are the two components of declarative memory?

semantic and episodic

According to Craik and Tulving, how do we process verbal information best?

semantic encoding

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes?

sensory

Giorgio memorizes the German poem "The Erlking" to recite in his eighth grade German class. He remembers it well for weeks after the presentation, but gradually his ability to recite the poem fades. This is an example of ________, one of the seven sins of memory.

transcience

What is procedural memory?

type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things

Remembering ________ is a good example of semantic memory.

what the word chocolate means