Chapter 8 Questions

What is the rope or cable used for hoisting and lowering sections of an extension ladder? (316) [4.3.6] A. Halyard B. Tie rods C. Fly section D. Pawls (or dogs)

A. Halyard

What is a general guideline for estimating height when selecting the proper ladder? (327) (4.3.6] A. A residential story averages about 10 feet (3 m). B. Most residential structures are 20 feet (6 m) tall. C. A commercial story averages about 10 feet (3 m). D. Most commercial structures are 20 feet (6 m) tall.

A. A residential story averages about 10 feet (3 m).

What is NOT a ladder placement guideline? (333) [4.3.6] A. Avoid placing ladders on uneven terrain or soft spots. B. Avoid placing ladders in front of doors or other paths of travel. C. Place ladders near at least two points on different sides of the building. D. Avoid placing ladders on top of sidewalk elevator trapdoors or sidewalk deadlights.

A. Avoid placing ladders on uneven terrain or soft spots.

What is a method for assisting unconscious victims down a ladder? (342) [4.3.9] A. Cross-body method B. Over-shoulder method C. Over-the-beam method D. Across-the-arms method

A. Cross-body method

What is a general guideline for ladder safety and safety when raising ladders? (324) [4.3.6] A. Only use ladders for their intended purposes. B. Do not raise any ladders to within 50 feet (15 m) of electrical wires C. Anchor the tip of the ladder to the ground when training or during emergency operations. D. Grasp extension ladder rungs when extending or retracting to prevent fingers from being pinched or caught between sections.

A. Only use ladders for their intended purposes.

What is the typical placement of a ladder for performing rescue from a window opening? (333) [4.3.6, 4.3.9] A. Placing the ladder tip slightly below the sill B. Extending a ladder a minimum of two rungs above the top of the window C. Extending a ladder a minimum of three to five rungs beyond the roof edge D. Tip of a ladder even with the top of the window and to the windward (upwind) side

A. Placing the ladder tip slightly below the sill

What type of ladders must be inspected for water damage, splintering, dark streaks, and rounded shoes? (322) [4.5.1] A. Wood B. Fiberglass C. Aluminum D. Polycarbonate

A. Wood

A single ladder that is 20 feet (6 m) or less can safely be shifted by: (338) [4.3.6] A. one firefighter. B. a minimum of two firefighters. C. a minimum of three firefighters. D. one firefighter on the ground and one in the structure.

A. one firefighter.

When inspecting _____ ladders, make sure hook assemblies do not show signs of rust and are not deformed. (322) [4.5.1] A. roof B. attic C. single D. combination

A. roof

Two methods are used for securing a ladder: heeling and: (334) [4.3.6] A. tying in. B. grounding. C. locking on. D. pulling down.

A. tying in.

When using the one-firefighter extension ladder raise from the low-shoulder carry: (336) [4.3.6] A. use the building to heel the ladder. B. place the ladder on the ground parallel to the structure. C. place the butt end at the point where it will be located for climbing. D. use the curb or edge of the sidewalk to heel the ladder whenever possible.

A. use the building to heel the ladder.

What is NOT a general guideline for ladder safety and safety when raising ladders? (324) [4.3.6] A. Develop and maintain adequate upper body strength. B. Ensure that the hooks of the pawls are seated below the rungs. C. Secure the foot of unattended ladders to a stationary object using ropes. D. Use leg muscles, not back or arm muscles, when lifting ladders below the waist.

B. Ensure that the hooks of the pawls are seated below the rungs.

What is an acceptable procedure for securing yourself to a ladder before beginning work? (339) [4.3.9] A. Lay your entire body against the ladder. B. Apply a leg lock before beginning work. C. Reach through the rungs of the ladder before beginning work. D. Attach yourself to life safety rope secured at the tip of the ladder.

B. Apply a leg lock before beginning work.

What is the BEST description for how ladders should be inspected? (319) [4.5.11 A. Inspect ladders at each shift change. B. Inspect ladders per departmental policy. C. Inspect ladders that are ten years or older. D. Inspect according to your captain's preferences.

B. Inspect ladders per departmental policy.

How are the fly sections of extension ladders typically positioned? (326) [4.3.6] A. All type of extension ladders should be positioned with the fly in. B. Modern metal and fiberglass ladders are designed to be positioned with the fly out. C. Ladder manufacturers do not specify how the fly section should be positioned. D. Wooden ladders that are designed with the rungs mounted in the top truss rails are intended to be used with the fly out.

B. Modern metal and fiberglass ladders are designed to be positioned with the fly out.

Which statement about deploying a roof ladder on a pitched roof is correct? (340) [4.3.12] A. Carry the roof ladder to the structure with hooks out. B. Roof ladders may be carried either butt first or tip first. C. Always deploy a roof ladder by hoisting it with utility rope. D. Apply a leg lock to the roof ladder after the hooks have engaged on the roof peak.

B. Roof ladders may be carried either butt first or tip first.

Which statement describes the process of service testing ladders according to NFPA 1932? (323) [4.5.1] A. Only approved testing agencies should service test ladders. B. Service testing is required after any use that exposes ladders to high heat or rough treatment. C. Ladders must be service tested before being placed in service and before being removed from service. D. Service testing ladders involves testing the ladder's load capacity with the weight of a responder in full PPE and SCBA.

B. Service testing is required after any use that exposes ladders to high heat or rough treatment.

What is a ladder placement guideline? (333) [4.3.6] A. Avoid extending a ladder more than two rungs beyond the roof edge B. Take advantage of strong points, such as corners, in building construction C. Place ladders on soft spots in order to dig the butt of the ladder into the ground D. Raise the ladder directly below the window when it is to be used as a support for a smoke ejector

B. Take advantage of strong points, such as corners, in building construction

What statement about the designated length of ladders is accurate? (328) [4.3.6) A. The designated length of a ladder is greater than its reach. B. The reach of a ladder will be less than the designated length. C. The maximum extended length may be as much as 24 inches (600 mm) less than the designated length. D. Single and roof ladders are not required by NFPA to have their designated length meet their measure length.

B. The reach of a ladder will be less than the designated length.

What type of information is provided by the NFPA 1931 required ladder positioning label? (321) [4.5.1] A. The correct storage position on the apparatus B. The side of the ladder that must be away from the building C. The preferred hand placement when ascending and descending the ladder D. The amount of ladder that should be positioned above the roof line or parapet

B. The side of the ladder that must be away from the building

What is the fly section of an extension ladder? (315) (4.3.6] A. The spacers set between the rails of a trussed ladder B. The upper section of an extension ladder that moves C. The lowest and widest section of an extension ladder D. The rope or cable used for hoisting and lowering the ladder

B. The upper section of an extension ladder that moves

How should a larger victim be assisted down a ladder? (342) [4.3.9] A. Larger victims must be lowered in a Stokes basket. B. Two firefighters are required on two ground ladders placed side by side. C. The victim must be brought down a ladder cradled across the rescuer's arm. D. One firefighter will lower the victim using the on-the-knee method and one firefighter in the building will lower the victim with life safety rope.

B. Two firefighters are required on two ground ladders placed side by side.

When inspecting metal ladders, you should look for: (321) [4.5.1] A. extra rivets. B. loose rungs. C. dry rot on the rails. D. missing paint on the halyard.

B. loose rungs.

A raised ladder should be pivoted: (338) [4.3.6] A. after it has been extended. B. on the beam closest to the structure. C. once the fly has been raised in the correct position. D. whenever it has been raised perpendicular to the building.

B. on the beam closest to the structure.

If any damage is found while inspecting a ladder, you must: (320) [4.5.1] A. repair the damage and return the ladder to service. B. remove the ladder from service until it can be repaired and tested. C. determine the cause of the damage and report it to your supervisor. D. circle the damage with a permanent marker and log it in the inspection book.

B. remove the ladder from service until it can be repaired and tested.

Ladder climbing should be done: (339) [4.3.6] A. without carrying tools. B. smoothly and rhythmically. C. with two points of contact or fewer. D. with a ladder belt attached to the beam.

B. smoothly and rhythmically.

When personnel are working on a roof or upper stories, there must be at least: (327) [4.3.6] A. one ladder available near the work area. B. two ladders at remote locations from each other. C. two ladders adjacent to each other near the work area. D. two ladders at remote locations from the work area and one ladder nearby.

B. two ladders at remote locations from each other.

What is NOT a general maintenance requirement for ground ladders? (324) [4.5.1] A. Keep ladders in an area where they are not exposed to the elements of weather. B. Store or position ladders where they are free from vehicle exhaust or engine beat C. Any repairs/welding completed by firefighters must be documented in the ladder's maintenance log. D. Paint ladders only for purposes of identification or visibility, and only at the top and bottom 18 inches (450 mm) of the beams.

C. Any repairs/welding completed by firefighters must be documented in the ladder's maintenance log.

What is a general guideline for cleaning ladders after use? (323) [4.5.1] A. Use acetone or paint thinner to remove oily or greasy residue. B. Use running water to clean the ladder but avoid using brushes. C. Apply lubrication occasionally according to manufacturer's recommendations. D. Mark damage or defects with a permanent marker before returning ladders to service.

C. Apply lubrication occasionally according to manufacturer's recommendations.

What does the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) consider to be the Circle of Safety when raising, using, and lowering ladders? (326) [4.3.6] A. At least 10 feet (3 m) from all structures or exposures B. At least 20 feet (6 m) from all structures or exposures C. At least 10 feet (3 m) from all energized electrical lines or equipment D. At least 20 feet (6 m) from all energized electrical lines or equipment

C. At least 10 feet (3 m) from all energized electrical lines or equipment

What type of marking does NFPA 1931 require on each beam within 12 inches (305 mm) of the butt plate? (320) [4.5.1] A. Weight rating B. Manufacturer's name C. Designated ladder length D. Locally assigned inventory number

C. Designated ladder length

What ladder consists of a base or bed section and one or more fly sections that travel in guides or brackets to permit length adjustment? (318) [4.3.6] A. Step B. Roof C. Extension D. Combination

C. Extension

What statement about a four firefighter ladder raise is correct? (337) [4.3.6] A. Four firefighters must be used for extension ladders taller than 24 feet (7 m). B. A beam raise must be used when four firefighters are carrying an extension ladder. C. Four firefighters can be used to better handle the larger and heavier extension ladders. D. Two firefighters at the butt are responsible for placing the butt at the desired distance from the building.

C. Four firefighters can be used to better handle the larger and heavier extension ladders.

What instructions should be followed to climb a ladder? (339) [4.3.6] A. Grasp each rung with both hands as you ascend. B. Keep your body as close to the ladder as possible while climbing. C. Grasp the rungs with palms down and your thumbs beneath the rungs. D. Coordinate hand and foot movement so that the right hand and foot are in contact with the ladder as you move upward.

C. Grasp the rungs with palms down and your thumbs beneath the rungs.

When there is sufficient space to raise an extension ladder with more than one firefighter, from what position should the ladder be raised? (337) [4.3.6] A. Raise it perpendicular to the building because it is easier to lift. B. Raise it parallel to the building because it is easier to heel the ladder. C. It makes little difference if raised parallel or perpendicular to the building. D. Raise it parallel to the building because it does not need to be rotated once raised.

C. It makes little difference if raised parallel or perpendicular to the building.

What action should be taken when heeling a ladder from outside (not under) the ladder? (335) [4.3.6] A. Stand on the first rung of the ladder. B. Grasp the beams and pull the ladder from the building. C. Stand on the outside of the ladder and chock the butt end with one foot. D. Place your toes against the butt spur or place both feet on the bottom rung.

C. Stand on the outside of the ladder and chock the butt end with one foot.

What is a consideration when inspecting extension ladders? (322) [4.5.1] A. Ensure the hook assemblies operate with relative ease. B. Ensure that the halyard is taut when it is in the extended position. C. The hook and finger of the pawl assemblies should move in and out freely. D. Check the condition of ladder guides and that the fly sections are secure and do not slide.

C. The hook and finger of the pawl assemblies should move in and out freely.

What are the rails of a ladder? (318) [4.3.6] A. Main structural members of a ladder supporting the rungs or rung blocks B. Spacers set between the beams of a trussed ladder; may support the rungs C. The two lengthwise members of a trussed ladder beam that are separated by truss or separation blocks D. Devices attached to the inside of the beams on fly sections used to hold the fly section in place after it has been extended

C. The two lengthwise members of a trussed ladder beam that are separated by truss or separation blocks

What is the modified cross-body method of assisting an unconscious victim down a ladder? (342) [4.3.9] A. The victim is carried horizontally facing the ladder. B. The victim is carried horizontally facing the firefighter. C. The victim is carried facing the ladder, rather than the firefighter. D. The victim is rested over the shoulder of the firefighter rather than across the shoulder.

C. The victim is carried facing the ladder, rather than the firefighter.

What does the method chosen to assist victims down a ladder depend upon? (341) (4.3.9] A. The number of victims B. The length of the ladder C. Whether or not the victim is conscious D. The distance to the bottom of the window

C. Whether or not the victim is conscious

Which statement about inspecting ground ladders is accurate? (320) [4.5.11 A. The rungs of ladders should be loose enough to adjust. B. Discoloration of fiberglass ladders is normal for older ladders. C. Worn areas caused by vibration at points of contact should be inspected. D. Ladders should be retired when their heat sensor expiration date is reached.

C. Worn areas caused by vibration at points of contact should be inspected.

When placing ground ladders, observe and communicate to crew members and/or your supervisor the: (332) [4.3.6, 4.3.9, 4.3.12] A. presence of underground cables. B. position of ladder on the apparatus. C. appropriateness of the chosen ladder. D. number of firefighters carrying the ladder.

C. appropriateness of the chosen ladder.

When inspecting fiberglass ladders, you should look for: (322) [4.5.1] A. a loose halyard. B. dry rot on the rungs. C. missing rubber on the foot pads. D. corrosion or rust on the fiberglass.

C. missing rubber on the foot pads.

When using the ground ladders mounted on your apparatus, you must know the: (329) [4.3.6] A. ladder's manufacturer. B. number of rungs on the ladder. C. order in which nested ladders are stored. D. length of halyard if it is an extension ladder.

C. order in which nested ladders are stored.

A ladder that is one section of nonadjustable or fixed length is called a _____ ladder. (318) [4.3.6] A. roof B. step C. single D. commercial

C. single

To bring victims down a ground ladder from a window, there must be: (341)[4.3.9] A. two firefighters on the ground heeling the ladder and one inside the building. B. one firefighter on the ladder assisting the victim and one heeling the ladder. C. two firefighters inside the building, one or two on the ladder, and one heeling the ladder. D. two firefighters inside the building and one firefighter on the ladder assisting the victim.

C. two firefighters inside the building, one or two on the ladder, and one heeling the ladder.

For ladder lengths of _____ or less, reach is approximately 1 foot (300 mm) less than the designated length. (329) [4.3.6] A. 10 feet (3 m) B. 14 feet (4 m) C. 24 feet (7 m) D. 35 feet (11 m)

D. 35 feet (11 m)

Which of the following would NOT require a ladder to be removed from service and inspected? (320) [4.5.1] A. Exposure to high heat B. Direct contact with flame C. Heat sensor has changed color D. A load of more than one firefighter

D. A load of more than one firefighter

Under which circumstances will ladders conduct electricity? (326) [4.3.6] A. No ladders will conduct electricity when wet. B. Aluminum ladders will conduct electricity only when wet. C. Wooden ladders do not conduct electricity even when wet. D. All ladders will conduct electricity, especially when wet, regardless of their construction material.

D. All ladders will conduct electricity, especially when wet, regardless of their construction material.

What is an easy way to determine the proper distance between the butt of the ladder and the building? (333) [4.3.6] A. Divide the actual length of the ladder by 3 B. Divide the actual length of the ladder by 4 C. Divide the working length of the ladder by 3 D. Divide the working length of the ladder by 4

D. Divide the working length of the ladder by 4

What action should be taken when heeling a ladder from beneath the ladder? (335) [4.3.6] A. Stand beneath the ladder with feet together. B. Look up, not forward, when someone is climbing the ladder. C. Grasp the ladder rungs, not the beams, at about eye level and pull the ladder back toward the building. D. Grasp the ladder beams, not the rungs, at about eye level and pull the ladder backward toward the building.

D. Grasp the ladder beams, not the rungs, at about eye level and pull the ladder backward toward the building.

What is a safety consideration when carrying ground ladders? (331) [4.3.6] A. Never carry a ladder without a partner. B. Carry roof ladders with the hooks open. C. Use a spotter when removing ladders from apparatus. D. Identify one member of your lift team as a team leader.

D. Identify one member of your lift team as a team leader.

Which of the following BEST describes how firefighters should be looking for electrical hazards while placing ladders? (325) [4.3.6] A. Check directly above your position right before raising the ladder. B. Check for overhead electrical wires or equipment then raise the ladder. C. After removing the ladder from the apparatus, check your path for hazards then move quickly. D. Look up to check for overhead electrical wire or equipment then look up again before raising the ladder.

D. Look up to check for overhead electrical wire or equipment then look up again before raising the ladder.

What are the devices attached to the inside of the beams on fly sections used to hold the fly section in place after it has been extended? (316) [4.3.6) A. Rails B. Stops C. Guides D. Pawls (or dogs)

D. Pawls (or dogs)

Which is a guideline for lifting or lowering ground ladders? (325) [4.3.6] A. Bend your knees, keeping your back bent. B. When working as a team, let go of the ladder if you are not ready to place it. C. Lift on the command of a firefighter who can see the structure you are approaching. D. Reverse the procedure for lifting when it is necessary to place a ladder on the ground before raising it.

D. Reverse the procedure for lifting when it is necessary to place a ladder on the ground before raising it.

What distinguishes roof ladders from single ladders? (318) [4.3.6] A. Roof ladders have a fly section. B. Roof ladders can be used as an extension of step ladders. C. Roof ladders have claws that attach to awnings and parapets. D. Roof ladders have folding hooks as a means of anchoring the ladder.

D. Roof ladders have folding hooks as a means of anchoring the ladder.

What is another way for firefighters to test if a ladder is at the proper angle? (334) [4.3.6] A. The bottom of the ladder should be approximately one arm span away from structure. B. Standing under the ladder, a 6 foot (1.8 m) tall person should be at eye level with the sixth rung. C. While kneeling behind the ladder, you should be able to reach straight ahead and grasp a rung directly in front of you. D. Standing straight up on the bottom rung, you should be able to reach straight ahead and grasp a rung directly in front of you.

D. Standing straight up on the bottom rung, you should be able to reach straight ahead and grasp a rung directly in front of you.

When multiple firefighters are involved in raising a ladder, who is responsible for determining whether the ladder will be raised parallel with or perpendicular to the building? (337) [4.3.6] A. The company officer B. The senior firefighter C. The firefighter at the tip end D. The firefighter at the butt end

D. The firefighter at the butt end

Once an extension ladder is raised and resting against a structure and before it is climbed, what is the next item that should be secured? (326) [4.3.6] A. The rungs B. The beams C. The hooks D. The halyard

D. The halyard

What must firefighters keep in mind when carrying the forward end of a ladder at eye level? (331) [4.3.6] A. The firefighter at the back end has a better view of the foreground. B. This increases the possibility of dropping the ladder while carrying it. C. Carrying the ladder at eye level impedes visibility but helps with balance. D. This method increases the risk of the butt spurs striking someone else in the head.

D. This method increases the risk of the butt spurs striking someone else in the head.

What is the typical placement of a ladder for opening a window for ventilation? (333) [4.3.6, 4.3.11, 4.3.12] A. Placing the tip of a ladder just below the windowsill B. Extending a ladder a minimum of two rungs above the top of the window C. Extending a ladder a minimum of three to five rungs beyond the roof edge D. Tip of a ladder even with the top of the window and to the windward (upwind) side

D. Tip of a ladder even with the top of the window and to the windward (upwind) side

How can firefighters ensure constant hand contact while carrying an axe up a ladder? (340) [4.3.6, 4.3.12] A. Hold it with both hands against the beams of the ladder. B. Firefighters should never carry an axe up or down a ladder. C. Secure the axe to your person using a ladder belt or webbing. D. With the tool in one hand, slide the free hand along the beam rather than on the rungs.

D. With the tool in one hand, slide the free hand along the beam rather than on the rungs.

When three firefighters carry a ladder, one firefighter should be at the tip, one at the heel, and the third: (337) [4.3.6] A. at the tip. B. at the heel. C. near the pawls. D. along the beam.

D. along the beam.

The metal plates, spikes, or cleats attached to the butt end of ground ladder beams to prevent slippage are called: (315) [4.3.6] A. feet. B. heels. C. footpads. D. butt spurs.

D. butt spurs.

The small, grooved wheel through which the halyard is drawn on an extension ladder is called a: (316) [4.3.6] A. rail. B. stop. C. guide. D. pulley.

D. pulley.

Sliding down a ladder either feet first or head first is: (325) [4.3.6] A. a safe self-extrication technique. B. acceptable only during rescue operations. C. recommended only after extensive training. D. unsafe and may result in serious injury or death.

D. unsafe and may result in serious injury or death.

What is the main structural member of a ladder supporting the rungs or rung blocks? (315) [4.3.6] А. Tip В. Вeam C. Pawls D. Truss block

В. Вeam

A ladder placed at _____ degrees of inclination provides good stability and the optimum climbing angle. (333) [4.3.6] A. 55 В. 60 С. 75 D. 85

С. 75