chapter 8

Describe the specific effects of the War of 1812.

A successful war; America did noy really gain any land but the British and Indian will never pose a threat to America; also created a bad image for the federalists

Explain the Jeffersonian policy toward indigenous people.

He wanted America to dominate over them... (ie) he encouraged traders to lend them money in hopes that they would be burdened by debt and sell their land

Describe the exchange of power from Adams to Jefferson.

Peaceful transfer of power... which is not normally what happens (most transfer of power are violent)

Describe the problem the United States trying to remain neutral.

Since the US was neutral, the country aided both the France and Britain by trading goods even though France and Britain were fighting against each other. In the end, American citizens were still getting kidnapped out in sea.

What led to the Barbary Wars?

States on the northern coast of Africa (pirates) kept seizing American ships and holding them as slaves

Describe how the different geographical sections of the United States responded to the war.

The republicans and the federalists in the north voted against war because they had business deals with the british; the south strongly agreed for war because they wanted more territory

Describe the results for Black Americans in Virginia.

These rebellions were not large scale so it did not have any big effect... the slave code got harsher

How did the War of 1812 lead to the end of the Federalist party?

They lacked patriotism. Since the war was a success and brought many benefits to America, the Federalists did not look good in the aftermath since they were the one who rejected it.

Explain the practice of "impressment."

the practice of Britain's Royal Navy of sending officers to board American ships and seize sailors accused of being deserters... and force them to come (back) to Britain

Describe the Federalist view of government

they did not like the idea of people having the power to stand against gov... they want a hierarchy government reserved for noble men with money

Explain the third part of Hamilton's financial plan.

3) create a national bank to serve as financial agent... this would be controlled by a private corporation who is in charge of public funds, issuing bank notes, and make loans to gov when necessary

Explain the fourth and fifth parts of Hamilton's financial plan.

4) to raise revenue; specifically raise tax whiskey 5) wanted to tax imported foreign goods

To what extent was the Embargo Act successful?

...

What both inspired and justified the purchase of the Louisiana territory to Jefferson?

1) He wanted to trade w/ New Orleans ... which is right next to Louisiana 2) He also feared that the French might try to interfere w/ America commerce

What two major issues led President Madison to ask Congress for a Declaration of War?

1) The british were supporting Tecumseh's actions and encouraging the Shawnee to go to war 2) American ships kept being attacked

Describe at least three demands made by Federalists at the Hartford Convention.

1) requested that the 3/5 amendments should be removed because it gave the south a lot of political power 2) to add a two third vote of Congress for the admission of new states, declaration of war, and laws restricting trade 3) wants the right of state to intervene the authorities if the federal gov. ever violate the Constitution

Explain the first two parts of the Hamilton's financial plan.

1) to establish new nations credit worthiness (permanent debt) 2) creation of new national debt ... to pay off foreign debt, domestic debt, and war debt

Describe the two parts of the Alien and Sedition Act.

Alien Act included new powers to DEPORT foreigners as well as making it harder for new IMMIGRANTS to vote. Previously, new immigrant needed 5 years of residents before becoming eligible to vote, but the law raised this to 14 years; Sedition Act prohibited any public opposition to gov.

Explain what led to Jay's Treaty, and why it was controversial.

American citizens were being kidnapped and forced into British navy; controversial because Jay was negotiating with Britain which angered France and divided Americans

Explain why Southerners were especially opposed to Hamilton's plan.

Because the Southern States feared that the bank would favor the economic interests of the industrialized northern states

Describe the viewpoints of the Republican party.

Believed that Federalists were opponents of liberty and supported democratic participation in the country

What was the reaction of the federal government, led by George Washington?

George went with his militiamen to fight back the rebellion

What deal did Hamilton and Jefferson agree to that led Southerners to accept Hamilton's plan?

Hamilton agreed to have the capital of the United States moved to the south. The District of Columbia was formed on land between the southern states of Virginia and Maryland.

Describe the specific reasons people, such as Jefferson and Madison, opposed Hamilton's plan.

Hamilton plans focuses on the elites and businessmen, (specifically the north) Madison and Jefferson however, wanted expansion in the west. They wanted to see growth in independent farmers rather than business leaders and bankers.Hamilton's tax on whiskey also seems to target farmers in order to benefit bondholders.

Describe the Federalist measures undone by Jefferson.

He freed all those imprisoned by the Sedition Act; He reduced the # of government employees; he abolished all taxes except tariff (whiskey tax); he aimed to minimize government control over the economy

Explain the differing viewpoints of the French Revolution between Jefferson and Hamilton.

Jefferson believed in self-government whereas Hamilton believed that they should work with Britain

Explain the personal compromise Jefferson had to make with the purchase of the Louisiana territory.

Jefferson had to abandon his conviction that the federal government was limited to powers because he's buying land from foreigners (however, the constitution does not forbid this)

How did the Haitian Revolution inspire Black Americans?

It was the first slave rebellion that won independence (Haiti became an independent nation)... Specifically Toussaint became a hero that many looked towards to, so many were inspired to fight for their own freedom

Explain what was determined by Fletcher v Peck.

It was the first time the supreme court interfered with the states law... allowed the federal government to have a say in interstate commerce. The court forbade Georgia from interfering with land grants because it violates rights granted by previous contracts.

What did Jefferson ultimately choose to do, and why is this ironic?

Jefferson ordered a naval expedition to the Mediterranean, resulting in the First Barbary War... this is ironic because he has been paying tribute to the Tripoli so the US does not go into war ... For four years, the U.S. fought with Tripoli and Morocco.

Explain the purpose of the Embargo Act.

Jefferson+Congress prohibited American ships from trading in foreign ports. It was intended to punish Britain and France for interfering with American trade.

How does Murray answer the argument that offering education to women will lead them to neglect their "domestic employments"?

She states that it is degrading for men to think that women should just sit around the house all day and sew and cannot learn anything

Explain the important precedent set by the court case Marbury v. Madison.

That is, the Court had the right to review acts of Congress and, by extension, actions of the President. If the Court found that a law was unconstitutional, it could overrule the law.

Describe the problems the United States had with France during the Adams' presidency (including the XYZ Affair).

The XYZ Affair led to the quasi war (between France and US)

How do these documents reflect expanding ideas about who should enjoy the freedom to express one's ideas on the early republic?

The first doc states that women should get the opportunity to speak freely in politics, the second document expanded that all should have freedom of speech

Describe the terms of the Treaty of Ghent.

all hostilities would end and "all territory, places and possessions whatsoever, taken by either party from the other during the war" would be restored as they were before the war... this includes all slaves whom escaped to British must be returned

Why does the Democratic-Republican Society insist on the centrality of "free communication of opinions" in preserving American liberty?

because freedom of speech allow citizens to communicate to the gov. on what they want... this way, they are not oppressed

Who was Tecumseh and what did he argue?

a Shawnee chief who refused to sign the Treaty of Greenville; he argued that the various tribes had enough strength to stop the whites from taking further land.

Explain why Jefferson referred to his victory as the "Revolution of 1800."

because it marked the first time that power in America passed from one party to another. He promised to govern as he felt the Founders intended, based on decentralized government and trust in the people to make the right decisions for themselves.

Describe the type of person who would have likely been a Federalist

prosperous merchants, farmers, lawyers, and political leaders, people who favored Hamilton's economic program

What is meant by a "strict constructionist," and why did many Southerners adopt a "strict constructionist" viewpoint?

only followed what is in the constitution; southerners adopt this because Hamilton claimed that his plans were supported by the Constitution, yet there were things in his plans that were never mentioned in the constitution (ex: the bank)

Explain what was proposed by the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.

proposed that the federal court should protect free speech because the Sedition Act violates the first amendment

Describe who was the main target of the Sedition Act, and why.

republican press because (according to Federalists) they published criticism of the gov that motivates others to form rebellions

Describe Gabriel's (also known as Prosser's) Rebellion.

slave Gabriel Prosser gathered up a group of slaves to kill and kidnap white inhabitants until their freedom was granted... the group was later hung to death or transported out of the states

What led to the Whiskey Rebellion?

tax on whiskey

Who were the War Hawks, and what did they desire?

young congressmen who wanted to declare war on Britain, annex Canada, and conquer Florida (where most slave fugitives from British are residing)