Chapter 8 Study questions
The limbic system, especially the ____________ and _______________, are rich in "stress hormone" receptors. A. caudate nucleus, hippocampus B. hippocampus, amygdala C. cingulated gyrus, amygdala D. septal nuclei, hippocampus
B
What is the first structure of a reflex arc? A. effector (muscles or glands) B. receptor C. sensory neuron D. motor neuron
B
What is the purpose of the motor circuit? A. allows intended movements to occur and inhibits unwanted movements B. permits REM sleep C. activates the RAS D. inhibits language comprehension
A
What type of cerebellar cells provide communication to other brain areas? A. Purkinje cells B. reticular cells C. supraoptic cells D. pyramidal cells
A
What type of memory is involved in learning all this material about memory? A. semantic B. implicit C. episodic D. procedural
A
Visual reflexes would be impaired by damage to the A. superior colliculi. B. inferior colliculi. C. red nucleus. D. medial geniculate nuclei.
A
What condition is caused by a sudden failure of the RAS? A. narcolepsy B. Parkinson's disease C. Alzheimer's disease D. insomnia
A
6. What is duration of one cycle of Non- REM Sleep
90 minutes
A "word salad" speech pattern occurs when A. Wernicke's area is damaged. B. Broca's area is damaged. C. the angular gyrus is damaged. D. spinal nerves are damaged.
A
A circular path of neurons synapsing with one after another is called a ____ circuit. A. recurrent B. dendritic C. synaptic D. parallel
A
Based on experimental evidence, the ___________ hypothalamus acts as the body's thermostat. A. preoptic-anterior B. lateral C. medial D. supraoptic
A
Being able to recognize the face of a schoolmate at your 30 year reunion, would be a function of the A. inferior temporal lobes. B. occipital lobe. C. medial temporal lobes. D. anterior frontal lobes.
A
Damage to the _____ prefrontal area will cause a lack of motivation and sexual desire and deficient cognitive functions. A. lateral B. orbitofacial C. posterior D. palatine
A
During ______________ sleep, dreams that can be recalled are most likely to occur. A. REM B. deep C. nonREM D. dozing
A
Eye movements would be compromised by A. damage to the trochlear nerve. B. damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve. C. damage to the vagus nerve. D. damage to the accessory nerve.
A
Neurons of the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) of the hypothalamus release _______ that promotes sleep. A. GABA B. acetylcholine C. dopamine D. histamine
A
Releasing and inhibiting hormones to the anterior pituitary are produced in the A. hypothalamus. B. pituitary gland. C. pineal gland. D. cerebral nuclei.
A
Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT purely sensory? A. trochlear B. optic C. olfactory D. vestibulocochlear
A
_________% of total blood flow to the body per minute goes to the brain. A. 15 B. 20 C. 25 D. 30
A
_________________ is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a particular damaging amyloid β-peptide that is implicated in inherited forms of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. A. γ-secretase B. α-secretase C. β-secretase D. δ-secretase
A
Which cranial nerve is NOT involved with eye movements? A. optic B. oculomotor C. abducens D. trochlear
A Optic senses vision only
Which of the following spinal nerve groups is incorrect? A. cervical - 7 B. thoracic - 12 C. lumbar - 5 D. sacral - 5
A Cervical has 8!
Destruction of the embryonic ____________ will prevent formation of the nervous system. A. ectoderm B. mesoderm C. endoderm D. mesoglia
A.
Recognition of your best friend's face is a function of the _______ cerebral hemisphere. A. right B. left C. both
A.
The ___________________ is the dorsal diencephalon, containing the choroid plexus and the pineal gland. A. epithalamus B. hypothalamus C. thalamus D. third ventricle
A.
The basal nuclei contain A. the corpus striatum. B. the supraoptic nucleus. C. reticular formation. D. All apply.
A. Basal Nuclei are several masses of nuclei: - Claustrum - Corpus Striatum --caudate nucleus --Lentiform nucleus ---putamen ---globus pallidus -subthalamic nucleus -substantial nigra
47. Chorea is most likely to result from A. damage to the caudate nucleus. B. damage to the spinal ganglia. C. damage to the occipital lobe. D. damage to the hypothalamus.
A. Chorea - a neurological disorder characterized by jerky involuntary movements affecting especially the shoulders, hips, and face. Basal nuclei (including caudate nucleus) are part of the motor circuit, which allows intended movements to occur while inhibiting unintended movements.
The medulla oblongata A. contains numerous vital centers. B. contains the facial nuclei. C. acts only as a relay center. D. is the most advanced region of the brain.
A. It contains the vasomotor center, respiratory center, and cardiac control center.
Communication between the cerebrum and cerebellum is facilitated by the corpus callosum.
False. The corpus callosum connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain
What part of the mesolimbic system found in the midbrain is involved with behavioral reward? A. corpora quadrigemina B. ventral tegmental area C. substantia nigra D. nigrostriatal system
B
What substance can act as a retrograde messenger to suppress release of GABA to contribute to LTP? A. acetylcholine B. endocannabinoid C. carbon monoxide D. norepinephrine
B
4. Absence Seizure and wave pattern ( 3- 5 HZ)
Absence seizure is a seizure when it looks like the person is just zoning out. Common in pediatrics. EEG would show 3-5 HZ waves.
Which area of the brain contains neural stem cells that are apparently important in learning and memory? A. arcuate fasciculus B. subgranular zone of the hippocampus C. temporal lobe D. cerebral cortex
B
Which area of the brain has shown to be involved in complex problem-solving? A. hippocampus B. prefrontal cortex C. amygdala D. medial temporal lobe
B
Which of the following is NOT required to coordinate movement? A. cerebellum B. thalamus C. basal nuclei D. motor cortex
B
Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? A. controls hunger and thirst B. controls reactions to odors C. controls body temperature D. controls the autonomic nervous system
B. Smell is limbic system!
Which type of sleep pattern may aid the consolidation of spatial and declarative memories? A. REM B. nonREM
B. (particularly slow wave phase)
1. Epidural Hematoma - Name of Artery ruptured and Preferred Diagnostic Imaging ?
Artery: Middle meningeal artery Diagnostic imaging: CT scan when bleeding occurs between the tough outer membrane covering the brain and the skull
In the spinal cord, the gray matter is on the _____ and the white matter is on the ___. A. outside, inside B. inside, outside
B
Nerves that serve the arm come from the _______ plexus. A. cervical B. brachial C. lumbar D. sacral
B
The cerebellum forms from the A. telencephalon. B. metencephalon. C. myelencephalon. D. diencephalon.
B
A cranial nerve with only sensory fibers is the A. hypoglossal nerve. B. vestibulocochlear nerve. C. vagus nerve. D. trigeminal nerve.
B
Ablation of the amygdala and limbic system would primarily result in A. loss of voluntary muscle contraction. B. attenuation of aggressive behaviors. C. loss of ability to detect olfactory inputs. D. no noticeable effects.
B
Ataxia is often associated with A. damage to the motor cortex. B. damage to the cerebellum. C. damage to the pyramidal tracts. D. damage to the occipital lobe.
B
Cerebral lateralization, in which the _____ cerebral hemisphere is specialized for language and analytical ability and the right for visuospatial ability, is true for 97% of all people. A. right B. left
B
Having the APOE4 gene increases the likelihood of developing A. Huntingdon's disease. B. Alzheimer's disease. C. Parkinson's disease. D. amnesia.
B
Impaired motor coordination in Parkinson's disease is often due to A. degeneration of the red nucleus. B. degeneration of the substantia nigra. C. lack of regulation of the cerebral peduncles. D. degeneration of the mesolimbic system.
B
The conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory is called A. memory ablation. B. memory consolidation. C. memory recognition. D. memory translation.
B
The function of ____________ neurons is to link sensory stimuli with the appropriate motor responses. A. bipolar B. association C. motor D. pseudounipolar
B
Which of the following statements is true of the cerebral cortex? A. Sensations from the feet would be on the most inferior area of the somatesthetic cortex. B. Areas of the body with the greatest density of receptors will have larger areas on the somatesthetic cortex. C. The hands have a very small area on the motor cortex. D. The left side of the motor cortex controls muscles on the left side of the body.
B
Which tracts are NOT part of the extrapyramidal motor tracts? A. vestibulospinal B. corticospinal C. rubrospinal D. reticulospinal
B
Writing skills would be impaired if the ___________ cerebral hemisphere atrophied. A. right B. left C. both
B
Individuals with aphasia A. often have damage to spinal nerves. B. may not be able to write if the angular gyrus is damaged. C. often speak slowly if Wernicke's area is damaged. D. often form nonsensical sentences if Broca's area is damaged.
B The angular gyrus, located at the junction of the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, is believed to be a center for the integration of auditory, visual, and somatesthetic information
A record of the electrical currents of the cerebral cortex is a/an A. computed tomograph. B. electroencephalogram. C. magnetic resonance image. D. positron-emission tomograph.
B (EEG)
In long-term potentiation dealing with memory, what regulatory protein do calcium ions bind to? A. kinase B. calmodulin C. CREB D. CaMKII
B.
The majority of sensory information is relayed to the cerebrum by the A. pons. B. thalamus. C. hypothalamus. D. medulla oblongata
B.
The midbrain forms from the A. telencephalon. B. mesencephalon. C. myelencephalon. D. diencephalon.
B.
What condition may be partly caused by impairment of mirror neuron function? A. Alzheimer's disease B. autism spectrum disorder C. Parkinson's disease D. epilepsy
B.
What structure separates the frontal and parietal lobes? A. corpus callosum B. central sulcus C. lateral sulcus D. longitudinal fissure
B.
An electroencephalogram obtained from an adult who is thinking would probably display A. many alpha waves. B. many beta waves. C. many delta waves. D. many theta waves.
B. Beta waves are produced by mental activity
In the cerebrum, the _________ matter is generally superficial and the _______ matter is deep. A. white, gray B. gray, white
B. Gray contains neuron cell bodies and dendrites and is superficial (in the cortex and deep nuclei) White contains myelinated axons tracts - underlie cortex and surround nuclei.
Which of the following is NOT part of the limbic system? A. cingulate gyrus B. angular gyrus C. amygdala D. hippocampus
B. The angular gyrus, located at the junction of the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, is believed to be a center for the integration of auditory, visual, and somatesthetic information.
2. Subdural hematoma: Name of blood vessel involved and preferred diagnostic Imaging
Blood vessel: bridging veins Diagnostic imaging: CT scan Blood gathers between the inner layer of the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.
The conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory would be inhibited by A. ablation of the pons. B. ablation of the cerebral nuclei. C. ablation of the hippocampus. D. ablation of the occipital lobe.
C
An example of working memory would be A. recognizing a threatening picture. B. remembering the last hockey game you attended. C. looking up an address and addressing an envelop. D. playing a song on the piano you learned as a child.
C
Damage to the orbitofrontal area of the prefrontal cortex causes A. memory deficiencies. B. cognitive deficiencies. C. severe impulsive/sociopathic behavior. D. inhibited fear response.
C
Damage to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum would limit A. voluntary skeletal muscle contraction. B. integration of cerebral activities. C. hearing. D. vision.
C
In the spinal cord, the gray matter is arranged into _____ and the white matter is arranged into ______. A. columns, horns B. funiculi, tracts C. horns, funiculi D. tracts, funiculi
C
Interpretation of auditory inputs would be most affected by A. ablation of the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus. B. ablation of the hypothalamus. C. ablation to the medial geniculate nuclei of the thalamus. D. ablation of the lateral geniculate nuclei of the thalamus.
C
Knowing how to tie your shoes is an example of _____ memory. A. episodic B. semantic C. procedural D. working
C
MRI images of living amnesiac patients show a shrunken A. hypothalamus. B. epithalamus. C. hippocampus. D. pineal gland.
C
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses ______________ as its basis for producing images. A. x-rays B. gamma rays C. spinning protons D. electrical currents
C
Most corticospinal tracts decussate in the A. midbrain. B. basal nuclei. C. medulla oblongata. D. spinal cord.
C
The extrapyramidal tracts A. arise in the cerebral cortex. B. always cross in the spinal cord. C. originate in the brainstem. D. are responsible for reflex generation ofa Babinski sign.
C
The famous patient "H.M." could not remember events that occurred after his memory was damaged after he had brain surgery to treat his epilepsy. He retained his perceptual and motor skills, but lost his memory of new facts and events. Thus, H.M.'s deficit was in A. nondeclarative or implicit memory B. declarative or implicit memory C. declarative or explicit memory D. nondeclarative or explicit memory
C
There are ___ pairs of cranial nerves and ____ pairs of spinal nerves. A. 15, 31 B. 31, 12 C. 12, 31 D. 12, 25
C
What substance can act as a retrograde messenger to increase LPT by increasing the release of glutamate from presynaptic terminals? A. Mg2+ B. Ca2+ C. NO D. ACh
C
Which of the following is NOT a vital function of the medulla oblongata? A. vasomotor control B. cardiac control C. thirst control D. respiratory control
C
Which of the following is the correct list of the lobes of the cerebrum? A. insula, temporal, parietal, pons, occipital B. temporal, frontal, insula, cerebellum, occipital C. frontal, parietal, temporal, insula, occipital D. cerebrum, midbrain, thalamus, pons, medulla oblongata
C
Which of the following is used to map neuronal activity with scalp electrodes? A. MEG B. PET C. EEG D. MRI
C
Damage to the Papez circuit prevents communication between A. the limbic system and olfactory bulbs. B. the limbic system and hippocampus. C. the limbic system and the diencephalon. D. the limbic system and the cerebrum.
C (hypothalamus and thalamus are part of diencephalon)
What structure connects Wernicke's area to Broca's area? A. corpus striatum B. angular gyrus C. arcuate fasciculus D. corpus callosum
C To speak intelligibly, the concept of words originating in Wernicke's area must be communicated to Broca's area; this is accomplished by a fiber tract called the arcuate fasciculus
The ______ is involved in the improvement of memory when the memory has an emotional content. A. caudate nucleus B. substantia nigra C. amygdala D. lentiform nucleus
C limbic system!
. __________ innervate muscles and glands. A. Sensory neurons B. Ganglia C. Motor neurons D. Association neurons
C.
A raised area on the cerebral cortex is a A. sulcus. B. fissure. C. gyrus. D. mirror neuron.
C.
Aphasias are most often associated with damage to ___________ and ___________ areas. A. Wernicke's and the angular gyrus B. fornix and Broca's C. Broca's and Wernicke's D. the angular gyrus and septal nuclei
C.
Neural stem cells from the subventricular zone are important in the renewal of _______ neurons. A. visual B. gustatory C. olfactory D. auditory
C.
Neurogenesis is the formation of new ______________ from neural stem cells. A. ependymal cells B. astrocytes C. neurons D. All apply.
C.
The inability to reach out and touch an object with control and accuracy may result from damage to the A. pons. B. cerebrum. C. cerebellum. D. midbrain.
C.
What ion is involved in stimulating genetic transcription needed for learning and memory? A. Na+ B. K+ C. Ca2+ D. NO
C.
Which brain structure contains two respiratory control centers? A. cerebellum B. epithalamus C. pons D. midbrain
C.
Which drug acts to inhibit the reuptake of dopamine and amphetamines into the nucleus accumbens in the forebrain? A. alcohol B. amphetamines C. cocaine D. opiates
C.
Which imaging technique uses magnetic fields produced by postsynaptic electric currents to produce an image? A. EEG B. fMRI C. MEG D. PET
C.
Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT associated with basal nuclei function? A. dopamine B. GABA C. acetylcholine D. glutamate
C.
__________________ is a technique for visualizing brain region activity indirectly by detecting increases in blood oxygen levels. A. Computed tomography B. Electroencephalogram C. Functional magnetic resonance imaging D. Positron emission tomography
C.
What type of neurons are found in the precentral gyrus? A. sensory neurons B. lower motor neurons C. upper motor neurons D. middle motor neurons
C. These are implicated in muscle regulation
3. Subarachnoid hemorrhage and vessel involved
Cause by rupturing within circle of Willis Diagnostic imaginge: Ct angiogram or MROI
Ablation of the ___________ in the midbrain would impair the ability to respond to sounds. A. superior colliculi B. medial colliculi C. red nucleus D. inferior colliculi
D
Cerebrospinal fluid is found A. within the central canal. B. within the ventricles. C. within the olfactory bulbs. D. both within the central canal and within the ventricles.
D
If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were to be cut, the individual would A. have no motor responses for that nerve. B. have no sensory perception from that nerve. C. have no reflexes involving that nerve. D. Both have no sensory perception from that nerve and have no reflexes involving that nerve are correct.
D
Nerves that serve the leg come from the A. sacral plexus. B. brachial plexus. C. lumbar plexus. D. both the sacral and lumbar plexuses.
D
Neural crest cells differentiate into A. the telencephalon. B. the red nucleus. C. the basal nuclei. D. peripheral nervous system ganglia.
D
Reflex arcs A. require the actions of the brain. B. do not utilize somatic motor nerves. C. generally rely on the actions of the hypothalamus. D. may have a single synapse.
D
Sensory impulses for fine touch, precise pressures, and body movement are carried by the _____ tracts. A. anterior spinothalamic B. posterior spinocerebellar C. lateral spinothalamic D. fasciculi cuneatus and gracilis
D
The ___________ lobe is involved in converting short-term memory to long-term memory. A. inferior temporal B. inferior lateral C. prefrontal D. medial temporal
D
The ____________ is a cerebral lobe that is involved in memory and integration of sensory information (mostly pain) with visceral responses. A. temporal B. frontal C. parietal D. insula
D
The right side of the brain controls motor activity on the left side of the body because nerve tracts decussate in the A. pons. B. midbrain. C. thalamus. D. medulla oblongata.
D
The suprachiasmatic nuclei A. are located in the anterior hypothalamus. B. controls melatonin secretion from the pineal gland. C. contains "clock cells" that have patterns which repeat about every twenty-four hours. D. All apply.
D
Which cranial nerve allows one to make facial expressions and secrete tears? A. trigeminal B. glossopharyngeal C. hypoglossal D. facial
D
Which cranial nerve is vital for the functioning of the visceral organs? A. abducens B. glossopharyngeal C. hypoglossal D. vagus
D
Which of the following RAS neurotransmitters stimulates the cerebral cortex for wakefulness? A. dopamine B. GABA C. norepinephrine D. Both dopamine and norepinephrine are correct.
D
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease? A. an accumulation of intracellular proteins that form neurofibrillar tangles B. loss of neurons in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex C. an accumulation of extracellular proteins that form senile plaques D. most cases are inherited
D
Which type of EEG pattern in an awake adult is indicative of brain damage? A. alpha waves B. beta waves C. theta waves D. delta waves
D
Brain metabolism may be best studied by A. electroencephalography. B. computed tomography. C. magnetic resonance imaging. D. positron-emission tomography
D.
What is the function of CREB in long-term memory? A. opens Ca2+ channels B. addition of AMPA receptors C. draws more glutamate into the neuron D. activates genes to make proteins such as dendritic spines
D.
What type of neurons aid in imitating, understanding intentions and behaviors of others, and having empathy with the emotions of others? A. sensory neurons B. motor neurons C. association neurons D. mirror neurons
D.
Nerve fibers of the ___________ tract decussate in the spinal cord and are involved in regulating fine motor movements. A. tectospinal B. anterior spinothalamic C. lateral corticospinal D. anterior corticospinal
D. (Lateral decussate in the medulla oblongata)
Except for the sense of __________, all sensory information is relayed through the thalamus. A. taste B. vision C. balance D. smell
D. This is through the limbic system!
Neural stem cells in adult mammalian brains are found in the A. cerebral cortex. B. subventricular zone. C. midbrain. D. subgranular zone. E. both the subventricular and subgranular zones.
E
The hypothalamus and the limbic system are involved in A. aggression. B. fear. C. sex. D. goal-directed behavior. E. All apply.
E
Sensory impulses associated with crude touch and pressure are transmitted by the posterior spinocerebellar tracts to the thalamus.
False it's the anterior
The inability to chew would be associated with damage to the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.
False it's the mandibular division
A reflex arc requires intervention from the brain for a response.
False
Damage to the right motor cortex will generally mean motor problems on the right side of the body.
False
Delta waves in an awake infant indicate brain damage.
False Delta waves in an awake infant are normal; they indicate brain damage in adults.
Cell bodies of motor neurons are found within the dorsal root ganglia.
False Dorsal root is sensory cell bodies Ventral root is motor cell bodies
There are many synaptic connections between limbic system structures and the cerebral cortex.
False Evolutionarily speaking, the limbic system is way older than the cerebral cortex. There are few synaptic connections between the cerebral cortex and the structures of the limbic system, which perhaps helps explain why we have so little conscious control over our emotions.
The spinal cord begins at the foramen magnum and ends at the hip.
False It's from the foramen magnum to the first lumbar vertebra
All cranial and spinal nerves are mixed.
False Some are purely sensory or motor
The cerebral cortex is made up of both gray and white matter.
False The superficial cerebral cortex is made up of just gray matter.
The neural tube and neural crest cells are of endodermal origin.
False They are of ectodermal origin.
Destruction of the superior colliculi would impact an individual's hearing.
False Vision is superior colliculi; hearing is inferior
The largest body regions have the largest areas of the cerebral cortex.
False it's the body regions with the highest densities of receptors
The spinocerebellar tract would carry information from sensory receptors to the cerebral cortex.
False (cerebellar = cerebellum, not cerebral cortex.)
The pons gives rise to cranial nerves VIII through XII.
False It gives rise to V, VI and VII
Gray matter is found only in the cerebral cortex.
False It is also in the deep nuclei
The cerebellum is the largest brain structure.
False It is the second largest Largest is cerebral cortex
Long-term memory is most often associated with the hypothalamus.
False It's the hippocampus
The facial nerve is the major sensory nerve from the face.
False It's the ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve (V)
The reticulospinal tracts are the major descending pathways of the pyramidal system.
False The corticospinal tracts are
Pyramidal tracts begin at the motor cortex of the frontal lobe and synapse in the medulla before descending the spinal cord.
False They synapse in the spinal cord
Cranial Nerves
I. Olfactory II. Optic III. Oculomotor IV. Trochlear V. Trigeminal VI. Abducens VII. Facial VIII. Vestibularcochlar IX. Glossopharayngeal X. Vagus XI. Accessory XII. Hypoglossal "Oh Oh Oh, To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet, AH!"
13. Lesion to the Midbrain will affect what group of Cranial nerves
III- Occulomotor IV- Trochlear
15. In field sobriety test what part of the brain is tested and why do inebriated(drunk) individual fails this test
In a field sobriety test, the alcohol inhibits the cerebellum - fine motor control Walking in a straight line relies on fine motor control. (bonus: occipital lobe - impaired as well)
8. Lesion of Corticospinal tract will cause what ?
Inhibit motion (particularly fine motor movement)
9. Lesion of Spinothalamic tract will Cause what ?
Inhibit sensation (particularly pain/heat if lateral; pressure if anterior)
The pons and cerebellum comprise the metencephalon.
True
LTP (long-term potentiation) studies have shown that protein synthesis must occur to form dendritic spines to make more permanent changes in synapses to create long-term memory.
True
5. Name the types of Sleep
REM sleep - when dreams occur/delta waves present/towards end of sleep Non-REM - resting sleep - broken into four stages: 1. light sleep 2. sleep spindle (HR/breathing/body temp drop) 3&4 - slow wave sleep (delta waves)
7. Sleep walking, Enuresis( bedwetting), night terror, somniloquy (sleep talking) occurs in what stage of sleep ?
Stages 3/4
Mirror neurons are found in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and Broca's motor speech area; and are connected to the limbic system through the insula.
True
Neurogenesis in the hippocampus may be involved in learning and memory.
True
The brain ventricles are remnants of the hollow neural tube.
True
The forebrain develops into the telencephalon and the diencephalon.
True
The limbic system is considered the emotional brain.
True
The liver, heart, and kidneys have a circadian rhythm.
True
The midbrain is part of the brainstem.
True
Descending tracts carry motor impulses from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord.
True
Destruction of Wernicke's area destroys language comprehension.
True
Heart and respiratory rates increase during REM sleep as if the person were awake.
True
Impaired voluntary movements would suggest damage to the basal nuclei.
True
A hypothalamic tumor inducing hyperactivity of the medial hypothalamus may result in weight loss.
True
A person with damage to the left cerebral hemisphere could have several speech problems, but yet have no problems with singing.
True
A positive Babinski sign in adults indicates damage to the pyramidal motor tracts.
True
Ablation of the limbic system may result in an absence of fear.
True
Damage to the white matter of the brain would prevent transmission of information between nuclei.
True
Visual inputs are interpreted on the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.
True
Damage to the parietal lobe of the cerebrum would impair somatesthetic interpretation.
True somatesthetic is sensing your own body
The neurohypophysis is derived embryonically from the diencephalon.
True (neurohypophysis is the posterior pituitary)
Damage to cranial nerve IX would impair swallowing.
True IX is glossopharyngeal
Damaging the diencephalon would inhibit detection of sensory stimuli.
True! The thalamus (part of diencephalon) acts primarily as a relay center through which all sensory information (except smell) passes on the way to the cerebrum.
10. Lesion of UMN( upper motor neuron ) and LMN ( lower motor neuron ) will cause __________________ and Lesion of LMN only cause a virus that attacks the Ventral horn ____________________________ (name disease or virus)
UMN and LMN: ALS LMN only: Polio
11. Upper motor Neuron will cause ______________________ paralysis and lower motor neuron will cause __________________________ paralysis
Upper motor Neuron will cause *spastic* paralysis and lower motor neuron will cause *flaccid* paralysis
14. Lesion to the pons will affect what group of cranial nerves
V - Trigeminal VI - Abducens VII - Facial
12. Lesion to the medulla will affect what group of Cranial nerves
VIII - Vestibularcochlear IX - Glossopharyngeal X - Vagus XI - Accessory XII - Hypoglossal
Ablation of the red nucleus prevents communication between the cerebrum and cerebellum and thereby enhances normal motor function.
false it would compromise motor function
