Chapter 8 TCP/IP Internetworking I
In an IPv4 packet, the ________ field value tells the type of message contained in the IP packet's data field.
protocol
The diffserv field in IPv4 is for ________.
quality of service
Decision caching ________.
reduces routing costs
A(n) ________ must find the best-matching row in its ________ table by comparing multiple row matches.
router; routing
In a routing table, a ________ represents a route for a group of IP addresses.
row
The second step in the routing process involves ________.
selecting the best-match row
IPv6 addresses help to ________.
simplify writing
Which of the following is one of the three parts of an IPv4 address?
subnet part
An internal router connects different IP ________.
subnets
DNS is a ________ protocol.
supervisory
For cost reasons, you should ________ where you can, ________ where you must.
switch; route
The main benefit of IPv6 over IPv4 is ________.
the ability to support more hosts
TCP/IP standards are set at the ________.
transport layer
In decision cashing, when 20 packets arrive to the same destination IP address, the router will ________.
use the decision it made for the first one
If I simplify the IPv4address 2001:0000:0000:00fe:3270:0000:0000:cdef., I get ________.
2001:0:0:00fe:3270::cdef
If I simplify the address 2001:0000:0000:00fe:0000:0000:0000:cdef, I get ________.
2001:0:0:fe::cdef
If I simplify the address 2001:0ed2:056b:00d3:00c0:abcd:0bcd:0fe0, I get ________.
2001:ed2:56b:d3:c0:abcd:bcd:0fe0
In IPv6 addresses before simplification, there are ________ in a field.
neither A nor B (2 symbols, 8 bits)
In a network mask, the 1s correspond to the ________.
network part
A border router connects different IP ________.
networks
If any row other than the default row matches an IPv4 address, the router will ________.
never choose the default row
Express the mask /18 in dotted decimal notation.
none of the above
In the mask /14, how many 1s are there?
none of the above
The hop limit field in IPv6 corresponds to the ________ field in IPv4
none of the above
The version of Internet Protocol that is growing rapidly is IP version ________.
none of the above
What is pushing IPv6 adoption now?
none of the above
UDP is a standard for ________.
packet delivery
the identification field in IPv4 is used for ________.
packet fragmentation
IPv6 uses ________ to know the packet length.
payload lengths
1) Ethernet standards are set at the ________.
physical layer
If someone says that a 1-bit flag is not set, this means its value is ________.
0
The version number field in IPv6 has the value ________.
0110
A router will discard a packet if the Time to Live (TTL) value in an arriving packet is ________.
1
In a routing table, Rows 47 and 3497 both match the destination IP address of an arriving packet's IP address. What row will the router look at first when trying to find matching rows?
1
Sequence numbers are ________ bits long.
32
The total length of an IPv4 address is ________ bits.
32
The main version of Internet Protocol in use today is IP version ________.
4
The maximum application message size when UDP is used at the transport layer is approximately ________.
64,000 bytes
How many fields are there in an IPv6 address written for human reading?
8
The network part of an IPv4 address is ________ bits long.
8
TCP has ________ flag field(s).
9
Which of the following allows packet fragmentation?
IPv4
If no other row matches, the router will select the ________ row as its best match.
Last
Which RFC standardizes how to write IPv6 addresses in canonical form?
RFC 5952
In the IPv4 address 1.2.3.4, what is the network part?
We cannot say.
Which is a problem with IPv4 addresses?
We have run out of them.
A packet arrives at a router with destination IP address 128.171.3.2. Row 47 has the destination value 128.171.0.0. Is Row 47 a match?
Yes
If you see an IPv4 address, what do you know for certain?
the total length
In the final step, the router sends the packet ________.
both A and B
In the mask 255.255.255.0, how many 1s are there?
24
Express the mask /24 in dotted decimal notation.
255.255.255.0
Row 2707 has the mask /16 and the cost metric 20. Row 4400 has the mask /14 and the cost metric 10. The default row has a metric cost of 2. Which row will the router choose if both are matches?
2707
Row 2707 has the mask /16 and the reliability metric 20. Row 4400 has the mask /16 and the reliability metric 10. Which row will the router choose if both are matches?
2707
Deciding what interface and to what device to send the packet back out is step ________ in the routing process.
3
A mask has ________ bits.
32
In IPv4, the ________ field is used to deal with congestion in the Internet.
ECN
There is a row for each host address in a(n) ________.
Ethernet switching table
A TCP ________ segment is a request to the other transport process to close a connection.
FIN
Four-way closes use ________ segments.
FIN
Which of the following segments types is acknowledged?
FIN
________ are the only extension headers that all routers must consider.
Hop-by-hop options
Which of the following checks for errors in the packet header?
IPv4
Which has a better system for handling options beyond the main header?
IPv6
A packet arrives at a router with destination IP address 62.17.3.2. Row 47 has the destination value 62.17.4.0. Is Row 47 a match?
No
An abrupt close uses a ________ segment.
RST
Which of the following can handle an application message that is one megabyte in size?
TCP
For 100,000 addresses, which will have fewer rows?
a routing table
In a subnet mask, the 1s correspond to the ________.
all of the above
The terms payload and data field ________ in IPv6.
are related but different
In IPv6 addresses before simplification, there are ________ in a field.
both A and B
The first step in the routing process involves ________.
comparing the packet's destination IP address to all rows
The next-hop router listed in the last row is the ________ router.
default
If the next-hop router field in the best-match row says "local", the router should address the packet to the ________.
destination host
In IPv6, the payload length gives the number of octets in the ________.
entire packet minus the main header
In IPv6 addresses, ________ are separated by ________.
fields; colons
One-bit fields are called ________ fields.
flag
Simplification of IPv6 addresses must be standardized ________.
for the retrieval of IPv6 addresses in text fields of documents and spreadsheets
If a router receives 20 packets in a row going to the same destination IP address, the standard calls for it to ________.
go through all three steps for each
For human reading, IPv6 addresses are written in ________ notation.
hexadecimal
If you see 0 in the Next Header Field of a header, what will follow this header?
hop-by-hop options
The packets in an IPv6 flow are handed ________.
identically
Using a header checksum field to check for errors ________.
increases routing time
Router ports are called ________.
interfaces
Router sockets for wire and optical fiber cords are called ________.
interfaces
In IPv6 address simplification, text characters are expressed in ________.
lower case
The Internet is organized in a ________.
mesh
