Chapter 8 test WHAP
The Tang court gave women permission to
participate in polo matches
Sui achivements
Its emperors solidified that unity by a vast extension of the country's canal system.Linked southern China economically and contributed much to the prosperity that followed.
Song Dynasty
960-1279 C.E.; never built a very powerful state; Song rulers mistrusted military leaders, and they placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and the arts than on military affairs; Song Taizu was the first Song emperor and its founder; the Song's financial weaknesses include enormous bureaucracy and high salary devoured surpluses; their military problems included civil bureaucrats in charge of the military forces; they eventually moved to the south and ruled south China until 1279
Which of the following contributed to China's economic revolution during the Tang and Song dynasties?
A complex network of internal waterways that allowed cheap transportation
Which of the following is a reason why the Song dynasty was more restrictive toward women than its predecessor the Tang dynasty?
A revival of Confucianism, which emphasized patriarchal control over women. Also large economic development place woman in this position.
What do the Xiongnu, the Uighurs, the Khitan, and the Jurchen have in common?
All four established nomadic empires to the south of China and All four were able to gain large amounts of valuable goods from China, often as thinly disguised "protection money" that kept them from attacking China. (second point is more important).
Which religion provided an element of cultural commonality for the East Asian region?
Buddhism
How did the changed environment in China in the ninth century affect Buddhism?
Buddhist monasteries came under state control as a xenophobic reaction set in
In Japan's Seventeen Article Constitution, the statement that "when the superior acts, the inferior yields compliance" reflects an understanding of the relationship superior and inferiors associated with
Confucianism
Tang Dynasty
Considered the golden age of Chinese civilization and ruled for nearly 300 years; China grew under the dynasty to include much of eastern Asia, as well as large parts of Central Asia
The Song technological explosion was partly driven by what factors?
Expanding economy and military pressure from the Liao and Jin Empires
Which of the following was a factor in the growth of Buddhism in China after 300 C.E.?
Increased disorder following the collapse of the Han dynasty, which discredited Confucianism
What is true about Korea
Its capital city of Kumsong was modeled directly on the Chinese capital of Chang'an.
In what respect was Japan's borrowing of Chinese culture different from the experiences of Korea and Vietnam?
Japan's borrowing was wholly voluntary rather than occruing under conditions of direct military threat or outright occupation
Which of the following statements best describes Korea's relationship with China in the premodern period?
Korea adopted many elements of Chinese culture while still retaining a distinctive culture and separate political existence
Compare and contrast the ways that Japan and Korea experienced Chinese influence.
Korea was for a time under the political control of China, while Japan was not. • Both Korea and Japan participated in the Chinese tribute system as vassal states, although Japan withdrew from the system after the tenth century. • The cultural elite of both states borrowed belief systems from China, especially Confucianism and Buddhism. • Both Korea and Japan drew heavily on Chinese governmental models, including ideas about the emperor and his court, administrative institutions, governing techniques, and the examination system. • Both Korea and Japan were influenced by Chinese artistic and literary styles. • Both Korea and Japan maintained their own distinctive cultures, despite substantial Chinese influence. • Unlike Korea, Japan's adoption of numerous elements of Chinese civilization was wholly voluntary. • Japanese women, unlike Korean women, largely escaped the more oppressive features of Chinese Confucian culture.
Why was the Tang and the Song regarded as the Golden age
Major artistic, literary, and scholarly advances, including the creation of Neo-Confucianism
Which of the following was a reason that the nomadic societies to the north of China were not absorbed into Chinese civilization?
Most steppe nomads lived in regions where Chinese-style agriculture was impossible
What was a major development that took shape after the fall of the Han
Northern nomads conquered some portions of China, Leading to the integration of Chinese culture in the nomad's culture
Which of the following technological innovations spread from China during the Tang or Song dynasty periods?
Printing
Which are all important technological innovations of the Song Empire?
Stern-mounted rudder, high quality steel, and gunpowder
The time period for Sui, Tang and Song dynasties
Sui-581-618 Tang-618-907 Song 960-1279
Role of Woman Song
The "golden age of Song Dynasty was perhaps less than "golden" for many of its women. Very patriarchal.reviving Confucianism and rapid economic growth seemed to tighten patriarchal restrictions on women and restored some of the earlier Han dynasty notions of female submission and passivity
Grand Canal
The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire.
Which of the following is an example of how Indian Buddhism was modified after its introduction into China?
The Buddhist notion of "morality" was translated with the Confucian term for "filial submission and obedience"
Which of the following is an example of how Chinese inventions stimulated innovations in distant lands?
The Chinese formula for gunpowder triggered the development of cannons in Europe
What is a statement about the Chinese "tribute system" is true? Reason it was created?
The Chinese government often gave other states gifts that were in fact worth more than the tribute that those states paid to China. To place other states that were "barbaric" to China in a subordinate position by requesting a process in order for them to trade with China. While in reality they are paying the nomads to not attack.
Zen
The Japanese word for a branch of Mahayana Buddhism based on highly disciplined meditation. It is known in Sanskrit as dhyana, in Chinese as chan, and in Korean as son.
Which of the following statements best describes Korea's relationship with China in the pre-modern period?
The Korean elite adopted many elements of Chinese culture, sending thousands of students to China besides importing many Chinese goods and customs.
Which of the following was a key development behind the doubling of the Chinese population during the Tang and Song dynasties?
The adoption of a fast-ripening strain of rice from Vietnam. Growing wealth and unity also played a role.
Fall of Tang Dynasty
The complex tax collection system the defeat of the Tang at the Battle of Talas River the demoralization and underfunding of the army All of the above
Kamakura Shogunate
The first of Japan's decentralized military governments., (12th-14th century) First shogun position instated after toppling the Fujiwara . Named after the home town of the first shogun of the Minamoto clan
Fall of the Sui dynasty
The ruthlessness of Sui emperors and futile military campaign to conquer Korea exhausted state's resources
Sui Dynasty
The short dynasty between the Han and the Tang; built the Grand Canal, strengthened the government, and introduced Buddhism to China
Which of the following shows the effect of the Indian Ocean trade on China?
The transformation of southern China from a subsistence economy to an export-oriented economy
What did Korea, Japan, and Vietnam all develop that reflected their unique culture?
Their own writing systems
movable type
Type in which each individual character is cast on a separate piece of metal. It replaced woodblock printing, allowing for the arrangement of individual letters and other characters on a page, rather than requiring the carving of entire pages at a time. It may have been invented in Korea in the thirteenth century.
Role of Woman Tang
Under the influence of nomads women less restricted. Elite Chinese women of Tang participated in social life with greater freedom than earlier times. Shown by woman on horses in paintings
Chinese interaction with the northern nomads during the Tang dynasty resulted in
a mixed Chinese/Turkish culture evolving in northern China that produced the founder of the Tang dynasty.
During the Tang Empire, China experienced an "import substitution" because it
began to grow cotton and sugar
The Tang Empire avoided overcentralization
by allowing local nobles to exercise significant power
The emergence of the samurai reflected Japan's
decentralized political structure
The Tang Empire is considered "cosmopolitan" because
it integrated religions, foods, sports, languages, and styles from every part of Asia
Uighurs
nomadic Turks; the Tang commanders had to invite a nomadic Turkish people to bring an army into China to oust An Lushan from the imperial capitals; in return for their services, the Uighurs demanded the right to sack Chang'an and Luoyang after the expulsion of the rebels.
China's most enduring and intense interaction with outsiders was with
the nomadic pastoral peoples of the northern steppes
Korea and Japan were similar in that
they both sent people to China to study Chinese thought and culture.
Import substitution
trade and economic policy based premise that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products.
In what ways did Japanese women enjoy greater freedom than their counterparts in Korea despite the arrival of Confucian thought in Japan in the seventh century?
• Japanese widows were allowed to remarry without it being a source of shame. • Japanese women were not secluded in the home. • Japanese society did not practice foot binding. • Japanese women continued to inherit property. • Japanese married couples often lived apart or with the wife's family. • Marriages were made and broken easily. A really good answer might note that Japanese women did begin to lose status in the twelfth century and later, though not necessarily because of Confucian pressures.
What were the chief economic accomplishments of the Tang and Song dynasty periods?
• Tang and Song dynasty China experienced an economic revolution that made China the richest empire on earth. • Industrial production soared during the era, and technological innovation flourished, as illustrated by the invention of printing and gunpowder and advances in navigational and shipbuilding technologies. • The economy of China became the most highly commercialized in the world, with production for the market, rather than for local consumption, becoming widespread.
Explain how, in theory, the Chinese tribute system worked.
• The tribute system required non-Chinese authorities to acknowledge Chinese superiority and their own subordinate place in a Chinese-centered world order. • In exchange for foreigners' expressions of submission that included the kowtow—a series of ritual bowings and prostrations—and the presentation of tribute—products of value from their countries—the Chinese emperor would grant them permission to trade in China and would provide them with gifts, which were often worth more than the tribute they had offered.
What were the primary factors behind the decline of Buddhism in China?
• a perception that the Buddhist establishment challenged imperial authority • a deepening resentment of the enormous wealth of the Buddhist establishment • Buddhism's foreign origin, which offended some Confucian and Daoist thinkers • the celibacy of monks and their withdrawal from society, which undermined the Confucian-based family system of Chinese tradition • a growing resentment of foreign culture after 800 C.E., particularly among China's literate classes • a series of imperial decrees between 841 and 845 C.E. that ordered some 260,000 monks and nuns to return to secular life and as a result of which thousands of monasteries, temples, and shrines were destroyed or turned to public use
Belying the perception that it was as an isolated and static society, China was strongly influenced from the outside during the Tang and Song dynasties. In what important ways was it influenced?
• the spread of Buddhism to China • China's participation in the Silk Road and Sea Road trade networks, which transformed the Chinese economy • China's adoption of sugar and cotton cultivation from India, along with techniques to refine those goods • China's adoption of fast-ripening and drought-resistant strains of rice from Vietnam • China's dealings with neighboring societies—including Vietnam, Korea, Japan, and the pastoral peoples on its northern frontier—through war, trade, and the tribute system
