chapter 9-14 CSEs
B
What was the purpose of guilds in the Middle Ages? a. To gain more legal rights for members of the nobility b. To improve and regulate specific occupations c. To invest in long-distance trade and shipping d. To organize peasants to agitate for better agricultural practices
D
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the way Khubilai Khan chose to have himself portrayed in the painting? (A) The Yuan dynasty's potential monopolization of the Eurasian trade routes would force other Asian rulers to recognize Khubilai Khan's supremacy. (B) The demonstration of military skill in the painting would encourage the Abbasid caliphs to submit to Khubilai Khan's rule. (C) The Yuan dynasty's employment of a Chinese artist to create the painting would encourage the Japanese to accept Khubilai Khan's rule. (D) The nomadic tradition depicted in the painting would bolster Khubilai Khan's claim to be the legitimate successor to Genghis Khan.
D
Which of the following occurred as a result of the Crusades? a. Christians took control of the Holy Land for several centuries. b. European rulers were less likely to fight one another or the pope. c. Many Europeans immigrated permanently to Southwest Asia. d. Exposure to new ideas contributed to the development of the Renaissance.
A
Which of the following provides the best evidence of the extent of the migrations of Bantu peoples? (A) Similarities of languages (B) Similarities of political structures (C) Continuity of religious organizations (D) Archaeological remains of religious buildings
B
Which of the following resulted from the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire following the death of Genghis Khan? (A) The collapse of the Byzantine Empire (B) The development of khanates in Central Asia, China, Russia and the Middle East (C) The spread of Islam into East Asia (D) Increased trade between Africa and Asia
C
Which of the following was a major cause for the growth of cities throughout Afro-Eurasia from 800 C.E. to 1350 C.E.? (A) The spread of mercantilism (B) The decline in epidemic diseases (C) The rise of interregional commerce (D) The decreasing need for agricultural workers
A
"Emperor Zhengzong, being deeply concerned with agriculture, came to know that the Champa rice was drought resistant and that the green lentils of India were famous for their heavy yield and large seeds. Special envoys, bringing precious things, were dispatched with a view to securing these varieties. . . . When the first harvests were reaped in the autumn, the emperor called his closest ministers to taste them and compose poems for Champa rice and Indian green lentils." - Shu Wenying, Buddhist monk, China, eleventh century C.E. The activities of the state described in the passage are consistent with which of the following Song dynasty policies? (A) Increasing state investment in economic development, such as improving the Grand Canal (B) State-sponsored maritime expeditions in the Indian Ocean, such as those led by Zheng He (C) Tribute exchanges with Central Asian peoples, such as the Mongols (D) Revival of traditional Chinese forms of learning, such as Neoconfucianism
A
"Emperor Zhengzong, being deeply concerned with agriculture, came to know that the Champa rice was drought resistant and that the green lentils of India were famous for their heavy yield and large seeds. Special envoys, bringing precious things, were dispatched with a view to securing these varieties. . . . When the first harvests were reaped in the autumn, the emperor called his closest ministers to taste them and compose poems for Champa rice and Indian green lentils." - Shu Wenying, Buddhist monk, China, eleventh century C.E. The agricultural developments described in the passage contributed most directly to which of the following? (A) Population growth and urbanization in southern China (B) The development of new forms of coerced labor in East Asia (C) Changes in gendered forms of labor in Chinese agriculture (D) The increased export of luxury goods from China to the Indian Ocean trade network
B
"Emperor Zhengzong, being deeply concerned with agriculture, came to know that the Champa rice was drought resistant and that the green lentils of India were famous for their heavy yield and large seeds. Special envoys, bringing precious things, were dispatched with a view to securing these varieties. . . . When the first harvests were reaped in the autumn, the emperor called his closest ministers to taste them and compose poems for Champa rice and Indian green lentils." - Shu Wenying, Buddhist monk, China, eleventh century C.E. Which of the following made possible the Chinese cultivation of the staple crops described in the passage? (A) The creation of new forms of governance in China during the Song dynasty (B) The intensification of regional trade networks in East and South Asia (C) The diffusion of Buddhism into China (D) The creation of diasporic trade communities along the Silk Road
A
"I am a griot ... we are vessels of speech; we are the repositories which harbor secrets many centuries old. Without us the names of kings would vanish into oblivion. We are the memory of mankind; by the spoken word we bring to life the deeds and exploits of kings for younger generations. ... I teach kings the history of their ancestors so that the lives of the ancients might serve them as an example, for the world is old, but the future springs from the past." An African griot (storyteller), circa 1950, introducing the oral epic of King Sundiata of Mali, composed circa 1400 C.E. The introduction by the griot is intended to serve which of the following purposes? a. To establish the griot's authority by connecting him to the past b. To exalt the Malian kings above previous dynasties c. To highlight the griot's unique abilities as compared to other griots d. To portray Mali as a progressive society that is improving on the past
B
"If it were asked, why do we accept the theory of contagion, when already the divine law has refuted the notion of contagion, we will answer: The existence of contagion has been proved by experience, deduction, the senses, observation, and by unanimous reports. And it is not a secret to whoever has looked into this matter or has come to be aware of it that those who come into contact with plague patients mostly die, while those who do not come into contact survive. And amidst the horrible afflictions that the plague has imposed upon the people, God has afflicted the people with some learned religious scholars who issue fatwas* against fleeing the plague, so that the quills with which the scholars wrote these fatwas were like swords upon which the Muslims died. In conclusion, to ignore the proofs of plague contagion is an indecency and an affront to God and holds cheap the lives of Muslims." Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib, A Very Useful Inquiry into the Horrible Sickness, Granada, Spain, 1349-1352 *rulings on Islamic law The passage by al-Khatib is best understood in the context of which of the following? (A) The continuing endemic presence of malaria in the Mediterranean (B) The spread of the Black Death in the aftermath of the Mongol conquests (C) The spread of syphilis in Spain as a result of increased contacts with the Western Hemisphere (D) The increase in diseases associated with improvements in diet and longevity
C
"If it were asked, why do we accept the theory of contagion, when already the divine law has refuted the notion of contagion, we will answer: The existence of contagion has been proved by experience, deduction, the senses, observation, and by unanimous reports. And it is not a secret to whoever has looked into this matter or has come to be aware of it that those who come into contact with plague patients mostly die, while those who do not come into contact survive. And amidst the horrible afflictions that the plague has imposed upon the people, God has afflicted the people with some learned religious scholars who issue fatwas* against fleeing the plague, so that the quills with which the scholars wrote these fatwas were like swords upon which the Muslims died. In conclusion, to ignore the proofs of plague contagion is an indecency and an affront to God and holds cheap the lives of Muslims." Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib, A Very Useful Inquiry into the Horrible Sickness, Granada, Spain, 1349-1352 *rulings on Islamic law The system of thought demonstrated by al-Khatib suggests he was most influenced by which of the following? (A) New understandings of the natural world during the Enlightenment (B) Daoist understandings of the balance between humans and nature (C) Greek and Roman philosophical principles of logic and empirical observation (D) Arab interactions with Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians in the pre-Islamic era
A
"If it were asked, why do we accept the theory of contagion, when already the divine law has refuted the notion of contagion, we will answer: The existence of contagion has been proved by experience, deduction, the senses, observation, and by unanimous reports. And it is not a secret to whoever has looked into this matter or has come to be aware of it that those who come into contact with plague patients mostly die, while those who do not come into contact survive. And amidst the horrible afflictions that the plague has imposed upon the people, God has afflicted the people with some learned religious scholars who issue fatwas* against fleeing the plague, so that the quills with which the scholars wrote these fatwas were like swords upon which the Muslims died. In conclusion, to ignore the proofs of plague contagion is an indecency and an affront to God and holds cheap the lives of Muslims." Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib, A Very Useful Inquiry into the Horrible Sickness, Granada, Spain, 1349-1352 *rulings on Islamic law The outbreaks of plague described in the passage led most directly to which of the following? (A) The decline of many major cities across Eurasia (B) The conquest of Eurasia by Central Asian nomadic peoples (C) The Spanish and Portuguese voyages of exploration to find new trade routes to Asia (D) The increased development of mechanical labor-saving devices for industrial production
B
"If it were asked, why do we accept the theory of contagion, when already the divine law has refuted the notion of contagion, we will answer: The existence of contagion has been proved by experience, deduction, the senses, observation, and by unanimous reports. And it is not a secret to whoever has looked into this matter or has come to be aware of it that those who come into contact with plague patients mostly die, while those who do not come into contact survive. And amidst the horrible afflictions that the plague has imposed upon the people, God has afflicted the people with some learned religious scholars who issue fatwas* against fleeing the plague, so that the quills with which the scholars wrote these fatwas were like swords upon which the Muslims died. In conclusion, to ignore the proofs of plague contagion is an indecency and an affront to God and holds cheap the lives of Muslims." Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib, A Very Useful Inquiry into the Horrible Sickness, Granada, Spain, 1349-1352 *rulings on Islamic law The passage by al-Khatib best illustrates which of the following? (A) The literary tradition of long-distance travelers in the Islamic world (B) The growth of scientific thought and innovation in Muslim Spain (C) The impact of Christian attempts to reconquer Spain from the Muslims (D) The efforts of Islamic missionaries to spread their faith along trade routes
A
"In the year of our Lord 1315, hunger grew in the land. Entering the city we consider 'them that are consumed with famine' when we see the poor and needy, crushed with hunger, lying stiff and dead in the wards and streets." - Johannes de Trokelowe, English monk, fourteenth century C.E. What most likely caused the famine described above? a. The Little Ice Age b. Desertification c. The Crusades d. Monsoon flooding
A
"Mulan weaves, facing the door. You only hear daughter's sighs. They ask daughter who's in her heart, They ask daughter who's on her mind. 'No one is in daughter's heart, No one is on daughter's mind. Last night I saw the draft posters, The Son of Heaven,* the great Khan,** is calling many troops, The army list is in twelve scrolls, On every scroll there's father's name. Father [is too old and] has no grown-up son, I have no elder brother. I want to buy a saddle and horse, And serve in the army in father's place.' At dawn she takes leave of the Yellow River, In the evening she arrives at Black Mountain. She doesn't hear the sound of father and mother calling, She goes ten thousand miles on the business of war. . . ." - The Ballad of Mulan, a Chinese epic poem, circa 500 C.E. *a traditional Chinese title given to the emperor **the title of the emperor of the Turkic Northern Wei dynasty, which ruled northern China from 386 - 534C.E A historian would most likely use the ballad as evidence of which of the following? (A) Challenges to traditional gender roles in premodern China (B) The rejection of Chinese institutions by nomads (C) The spread of Buddhism into China (D) Fluctuations in the production of luxury goods in China because of domestic conflict
A
"Mulan weaves, facing the door. You only hear daughter's sighs. They ask daughter who's in her heart, They ask daughter who's on her mind. 'No one is in daughter's heart, No one is on daughter's mind. Last night I saw the draft posters, The Son of Heaven,* the great Khan,** is calling many troops, The army list is in twelve scrolls, On every scroll there's father's name. Father [is too old and] has no grown-up son, I have no elder brother. I want to buy a saddle and horse, And serve in the army in father's place.' At dawn she takes leave of the Yellow River, In the evening she arrives at Black Mountain. She doesn't hear the sound of father and mother calling, She goes ten thousand miles on the business of war. . . ." - The Ballad of Mulan, a Chinese epic poem, circa 500 C.E. *a traditional Chinese title given to the emperor **the title of the emperor of the Turkic Northern Wei dynasty, which ruled northern China from 386 - 534C.E The khan's method of military recruitment as referenced in the first stanza best demonstrates which of the following continuities of the period 600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.? (A) Imperial efforts at military mobilization upheld traditional social roles. (B) Imperial officials relied on Daoist approaches to military conflicts. (C) Imperial attempts at administrative centralization often generated revolts. (D) Imperial officials relied on militia to provide effective local governance.
A
"Scholars have been mesmerized by the huge extent of the present distribution of Bantu languages and could think of only a single process, an equally huge human migration, 'the Bantu expansion,' to explain it. . . . [This] scenario is fatally flawed, however, for two reasons. First it fell prey to the illusion that only a migration could fit the evidence. . . . [But] a language can spread without involving the migration of any communities. The second fatal error was to collapse a history which encompassed the developments of one to several millennia into a single migration event. The evidence shows that many different dispersals of single languages succeeded each other at different times, not continuously." Jan Vansina, historian, "New Linguistic Evidence and 'the Bantu Expansion,'" scholarly article, 1995. Based on Vansina's interpretation, the spread of Bantu languages in sub-Saharan Africa spanned a length of time most similar to that of the spread of (A) gunpowder technology in Asia (B) horse domestication in North America (C) industrialization in western Europe (D) agriculture in Eurasia
C
All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which would best support the author's argument in the passage? (A) DNA evidence suggests human populations in western, central, and southern Africa share many similar genes. (B) Linguistic evidence shows that several small groups in central and southern Africa continue to speak non-Bantu languages. (C) Archaeological evidence suggests that iron metallurgy spread across sub-Saharan Africa in several distinct waves, separated by hundreds of years. (D) Ethnographic evidence shows that many West African societies share common themes in their cultural and religious traditions.
B
By instituting civil service examinations for entrance into the government bureaucracy, the Song a. Ensured that only the wealthy elite would retain positions of power. b. Recruited the most talented men for government service. c. Tried to limit the number of civil servants. d. Severely limited its ability to get competent civil servants.
C
In Western Europe during the 1200s through the 1400s, early cannon, as heavy and as slow to fire as they were, proved useful enough in the protracted sieges that dominated warfare during this period that governments found it sufficiently worthwhile to pay for them and for the experimentation that eventually produced gunpowder weapons that were both more powerful and easier to move. By contrast, China, especially after the mid-1300s, was threatened mainly by highly mobile steppe nomads, against whom early gunpowder weapons, with their unwieldiness, proved of little utility. It therefore devoted its efforts to the improvement of horse archer units who could effectively combat the country's deadliest foe. According to this passage, why did the Chinese, despite inventing gunpowder, fail to lead in the innovation of gunpowder weaponry? a. They were discouraged by Confucian traditionalism from doing so. b. They put too much faith in the numerical strength of their armed forces to feel the need for new weapons. c. They logically decided to develop weapons systems better suited to their immediate military needs. d. They could not afford the initial expense of converting to a new technological system.
C
In addition to languages, the peoples discussed in the passage are credited with the diffusion of which of the following in sub-Saharan Africa? (A) Monumental architecture (B) New agricultural techniques (C) Nomadism (D) Writing systems
A
Malian Emperor Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 can best be understood in the context of which of the following? (A) The expansion of Islam throughout Afro-Eurasia (B) The development of new transportation technologies (C) The diffusion of African culture to the Middle East (D) The territorial expansion of West African empires
C
One similarity between the increase of trade across the Sahara and trade along the eastern coast of Africa was that both (A) Developed new technologies that used iron (B) Depended primarily on networks among Bantu-speaking peoples (C) Resulted in the spread of Islam (D) Led to a rapid increase in a new form of labor, slavery
C
The Mongol conquests of much of Eurasia in the thirteenth century tended to encourage trade along the Silk Roads primarily by (A) Opening large new markets for both European and East Asian goods in Central Asia (B) Increasing the demand for military supplies needed by the Mongol armies that occupied various regions (C) Decreasing the risk of bandit attacks and reducing the number of local rulers collecting tribute from trade caravans (D) Discouraging seaborne trade along the Indian Ocean routes that competed with the Silk Roads
A
The establishment of the Mongol Empire directly facilitated which of the following? (A) Increased cultural and technological exchange between the Islamic world and China (B) The development of Mongolian as the primary written language of administration across most of Eurasia (C) The spread of Persian culture into Central Asia (D) Improved ship designs and navigation techniques for oceanic commerce
B
The inclusion of the caravan in the painting's background could best be used as evidence that Yuan rulers (A) favored some commercial trading organizations over others (B) portrayed themselves as promoters of commerce (C) shifted the trade in luxury goods from overland to the maritime trade routes (D) restricted trade between nomadic and sedentary societies
A
The map above indicates that a. Mali was a major source and hub of the gold trade b. Europeans had begun to make inroads in West Africa c. Mali remained isolated from Europe and the Middle East d. Atlantic ports were crucial for the transportation of salt and gold
B
The map above shows what significant economic developments? a. Trade connections that linked the Hellenistic and Mauryan empires to African cities from 300 through 150 B.C.E. b. Trading networks that promoted the growth of new cities from 600 C.E. through 1450 C.E. c. Chinese dominance of Indian Ocean trading networks because of the voyages of Zheng He in the 1400s C.E. d. Changes in Indian Ocean trading networks that resulted from technological innovations from 1450 C.E. through 1750 C.E.
A
The most important global impact of Islam coming to Sub-Saharan Africa was that (A) The region practiced more in interregional trade than before (B) The Islamic faith became more militant (C) Religious wars erupted in the region (D) Disease indigenous the African continent spread throughout Eurasia
A
Which of the following was the most important factor in the spread of the bubonic plague in Eurasia? (A) The Mongol expansion from central Asia to China, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East (B) The consolidation of western European monarchies (C) The spread of Buddhism from central Asia to China (D) The population decline and the outbreak of peasant revolts in Eastern Europe
