chapter 9

_________ is the period of physical development during which sexual reproduction first becomes possible.​ ​Climacteric ​Menarche ​Catatonia ​Puberty

Puberty

Which of the following is a feature of Erikson's intimacy versus isolation stage? Recollection of life experiences Selective optimization with compensation Inevitability of death Establishment of close relationships

establishment of intimate relationships

Shawna is in her mid-fifties. Her college-going son lives in a separate apartment in the same city while her parents live with her. She cooks meals for her son regularly and does his laundry. At the same time, she looks after her parents, who are dependent on her. Shawna is facing the difficulties of the _____.​ ​sandwich generation ​critical period generation ​identity exploration generation ​authoritarian generation

sandwich generation

According to research performed by Kohlberg, children at the preconventional level base their moral judgments on _____.​ ​the consequences of behavior ​rules that maintain the social order ​personal conscience ​the sense of self-reliance

the consequences of behavior.

_________ is a process in which an organism responds to a stimulus in a manner that will afterward be difficult to modify.​ ​Assimilating ​Imprinting ​Equilibrating ​Attenuating

Imprinting

The _________ is a part of the limbic system involved in discriminating emotions, including fear.​ ​endometrium ​amygdala ​hippocampus ​foramen magnum

amygdala

The preoperational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is characterized by: children being absorbed in watching themselves close and open their hands. children thinking in two dimensions. children attributing life and consciousness to physical objects. children being able to engage in moral reasoning.

Preoperational children show animism. They attribute life and consciousness to physical objects like the sun and the moon

The preoperational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is characterized by: children being absorbed in watching themselves close and open their hands. children thinking in two dimensions. children attributing life and consciousness to physical objects. children being able to engage in moral reasoning.

Preoperational children show animism. They attribute life and consciousness to physical objects like the sun and the moon.

_________ is the turning of an infant's head toward a touch.​ ​Rooting ​Sucking ​Grasping ​Assimilating

Rooting

During the embryonic stage of prenatal development, the: zygote gets implanted in the uterine wall. fetus opens and shuts its eyes. fingers and toes are formed. sex organs start to differentiate.

causing the sex organs to differentiate

According to Erik Erikson, _________ is a firm sense of who one is and what one stands for.​ ​stimulation ​assimilation ​role diffusion ​ego identity

ego identity

Tom is a high school senior who is very clear that he wants to study medicine. He spendshis summer volunteering at hospitals and studies very hard for all his tests. He subscribes to medical journals so that he does not miss out on developments in the medical field. Tom is determined to study at Harvard Medical School and is sure he will get in. According to Erickson's theory of psychosocial development, Tom is demonstrating _____. ​role diffusion ​ego identity ​individual dignity ​instrumental competence

ego identity.

A pregnant woman visits her doctor for a scheduled ultrasound. She hears the strong heartbeat of her baby. She is able to see the fingers and toes of the baby. She also tells the doctor that she frequently feels the baby kick. Which stage of prenatal development is best depicted in the scenario? The fetal stage The embryonic stage The germinal stage The zygotic stage

fetal stage

According to Kohlberg, moral reasoning is based on a person's own moral standards at the _________.​ ​postoperational level ​preconventional level ​postconventional level ​preoperational level

postconventional level

Which of Jeffrey Arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is defined by people having an optimistic belief that the world lies before them? The age of identity exploration The age of self-focus The age of possibilities The age of feeling in-between

the age of possibilities,

Erikson's term for lack of clarity in one's life roles is _________.​ ​role diffusion ​ego identity ​objective responsibility ​instrumental competence

role diffusion

13-year-old Judy is poor at math. Her teacher, Ms. Kobes, helps her out by providing her with a list of tips and tricks that she can use to become more proficient at the subject. According to Vygotsky, Ms. Kobes is using _____ to help the child.​ ​artificialism ​scaffolding ​proximal development ​objective responsibility

scaffolding

A _________ is a pattern of action or a "mental structure" involved in acquiring or organizing knowledge.​ ​stimulus ​reflex ​synapse ​schema

schema

According to Piaget, children in the formal operational stage of cognitive development have: high achievement motivation. the ability to form attachments. poor depth perception. the ability to hypothesize.

the ability to hypothesize

_____ are male sex hormones that further masculinize the sex organs in the embryonic stage of prenatal development.​ ​Zymogens ​Pepsinogens ​Androgens ​Allergens

Androgens

_________ means responding to a new stimulus through existing cognitive structures.​ ​Accommodation ​Assimilation ​Equilibration ​Stimulation

Assimilation

Kyra is a history major and talks to her grandfather regularly. She calls him her human dictionary because he can give her the meaning of almost every word that she asks him. She is also surprised at how well versed he is in domestic and international current affairs and how easily he can talk about historical events. In this scenario, Kyra's grandfather is best displaying _____.​ ​fluid intelligence ​crystallized intelligence ​abstract intelligence ​spatial intelligence

Crystallized intelligence is defined as a cluster of knowledge and skills that depend on accumulated information and experience, awareness of social conventions, and the capacity to make good decisions.

According to Arnett, which of the following is a feature of the stage of emerging adulthood? Identity exploration Egocentrism Mid-life crisis Empty nest syndrome

Identity exploration

_________ is the beginning of menstruation.​ ​Thanatopsis ​Ovulation ​Menarche ​Menopause

Menarche

A mother is playing with her eight-month-old son. She places an object in front of her son and then takes it away. She notices that her son begins to look for the object. Which aspect of Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development is depicted in the scenario? Object recalibration Object equilibration Object schema Object permanence

Object permanence

_________ are simple, inborn responses elicited by specific stimuli.​ ​Schemas ​Scaffoldings ​Attachments ​Reflexes

Reflexes

In the context of the perceptual development of infants, _________ is the amount of time spent looking at a visual stimulus.​ ​organization time ​imprinting time ​fixation time ​integration time

fixation time

A(n) _________ is a fertilized egg cell.​ ​ovary ​zygote ​sperm ​neonate

zygote

Richard is 67 years old. His family no longer allows him to go anywhere alone because he often forgets his name and address along with his way home. In addition, Richard is unable to follow instructions and do simple chores like he used to. Which disease does Richard most likely have? Alzheimer's disease Addison's disease Crohn's disease Still's Disease

Alzheimer's disease

Timmy's father does not demonstrate affection with Timmy, forces Timmy to act in specific ways, anddoes not allow Timmy to ever disagree with him. According to Diana Baumrind's theory on parenting styles, Timmy's father displays a(n) _____ style of parenting.​ ​submissive ​authoritative ​authoritarian ​permissive

Authoritarian

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, decentration in the concreate operational stage refers to: children being able to adapt to social and cultural situations. children being able to repeat pleasurable behavior patterns. children being able to center on two dimensions of a problem at once. children being able to attribute life and consciousness to physical objects.

Concrete operational children are capable of decentration; they can center on two dimensions of a problem at once

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, decentration in the concreate operational stage refers to: children being able to adapt to social and cultural situations. children being able to repeat pleasurable behavior patterns. children being able to center on two dimensions of a problem at once. children being able to attribute life and consciousness to physical objects.

Concrete operational children are capable of decentration; they can center on two dimensions of a problem at once.

Which of the following is true of estrogen production in females? It stimulates the frontal lobes of the brain. It regulates the activity of the amygdala. It prevents the growth of pubic hair. It stimulates the growth of tissue in the hips.

Estrogen stimulates the growth of breast tissue and tissue in the hips and buttocks. Estrogen and androgens also stoke the development of female sex organs

_________ is mental flexibility as shown in learning rapidly to solve new kinds of problems.​ ​Refractive intelligence ​Fluid intelligence ​Crystallized intelligence ​Schema intelligence

Fluid intelligence

Which of the following is consistent with Erikson's stage of ego integrity versus despair? People desire sexual activity even if some aspects of performance are not what they were. People focus on letting go and accepting their place in the sweep of history. People form emotional goals that bring them satisfaction. People show a decline in fluid intelligence.

In the stage of ego integrity versus despair, Erikson believed that wisdom enables people to accept their lifespan as occurring at a certain point in the sweep of history and as being limited. See 9-5: Adulthood

Which of the following is a feature of a child's motor development? Its sequence varies from child to child. It begins after the first year of the child's birth. It is independent of the environmental factors surrounding the child. It is dependent on brain maturation of the child.

It is dependent on brain maturation of the child.

Mariana is a 14-year-old girl dating a 19-year-old boy. Her parents are unhappy and forbid her from meeting him. She fights with them regularly because she believes that she loves him. She even threatens to run away with him. This scenario best represents Mariana's _____.​ ​personal fable ​personal fantasy ​role diffusion ​status differential

Mariana's personal fable.

Emmett is 21 years old. He finished his undergraduate studies and found a job. After a few months, he quit and joined another firm with a different job description. In the same year, he switched apartments more than once, with minimal furniture. Which of Jeffrey Arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is best depicted in the scenario? The age of self-focus The age of possibilities The age of instability The age of feeling in-between

The age of instability

The placenta: allows fetal and maternal bloodstreams to mix. contains amniotic fluid. exchanges nutrients from mother to embryo. is the fine, downy hair that covers the fetus in the womb.

The embryo exchanges nutrients and wastes with the mother through the placenta

The _________ is the final stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.​ ​sensorimotor stage ​preoperational stage ​concrete operational stage ​formal operational stage

The formal operational stage

A pregnant woman visits her doctor for a scheduled ultrasound. She hears the strong heartbeat of her baby. She is able to see the fingers and toes of the baby. She also tells the doctor that she frequently feels the baby kick. Which stage of prenatal development is best depicted in the scenario? The fetal stage The embryonic stage The germinal stage The zygotic stage

The scenario demonstrates the fetal stage of prenatal development.

Which of the following is a feature of the germinal stage of prenatal development? The major organ systems begin to form. The zygote divides repeatedly while moving to the uterus. The stage lasts from implantation to the eighth week of development. The mother begins to feel the fetal movements.

The zygote divides repeatedly while moving to the uterus.

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory focuses on: the development of egocentrism in children's cognitive development. the occurrence of moral reasoning in children. the occurrence of egocentrism and conservation in children. the influence of teachers on children's cognitive development.

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory focuses on the ways in which children's cognitive development is influenced by the cultures in which they are reared and the people who teach them

A two-year-old child's family has a pet rabbit. When they visit the zoo for the first time, the child sees a hamster and calls it a rabbit because of its similar physical features. According to Piaget, which cognitive process within the child will best correct the child's misunderstanding? Stimulation Attribution Accommodation Equilibration

accommodation

Which of the following is a characteristic of the fetal stage of prenatal development? The fetus alternates between wakefulness and sleep. The fetus develops female sex organs regardless of its genetic code. The fetus's heart has its first heartbeat. The fetus's nervous system begins to transmit messages.

alternates between periods of wakefulness and sleep

A(n) _________ is a sac within the uterus that contains the embryo or fetus.​ ​amniotic sac ​Babinski sac ​Moro sac ​aminocentic sac

amniotic sac

Which of the following is true of children specifically in the concrete operational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory? They show interest in how things are constructed. They show the capacity for adult logic involving tangible objects. They believe that physical objects have life. They focus on the most apparent dimension of a situation.

children show the beginnings of the capacity for adult logic

Ophelia is 51 years old. She has begun to experience hot flashes and finds it difficult to sleep at night. More often than not, she finds herself feeling pessimistic and unmotivated. She also has a certain amount of anxiety. Ophelia is most likely experiencing the _____ of middle adulthood.​ ​thanatopsis ​climacteric ​personal fable ​objective responsibility

climacteric

According to ethologist Konrad Lorenz, a(n) _________is a period of time when an instinctive response can be elicited by a particular stimulus. ​imprinting period ​dormant period ​critical period ​comfort period

critical period

A pregnant woman goes for an ultrasound in the second month of her pregnancy and hears the heartbeat of her baby for the first time. She is told that at this stage of her pregnancy the head of the baby will start changing shape, and its facial features will start becoming easier to identify. The _____ of prenatal development is depicted in this scenario.​ ​fetal stage ​germinal stage ​embryonic stage ​radicle stage

embryonic stage.

Mark and Mindy have two daughters. Their older daughter moved to a different city to pursue her graduate studies a few years ago. Now their younger daughter has finished high school and is moving to a different country for her undergraduate studies. After the younger daughter leaves, Mindy is bereft and is unable to figure out what to do with her free time. This scenario best illustrates the _____. ​sandwich generation ​empty-nest syndrome ​instinct-attachment syndrome ​midlife crisis

empty-nest syndrome

A researcher puts a baby in a room with many different objects. Then he records the amount of time the baby spends looking at one stimulus instead of another. This shows the baby's visual preference. The researcher is most likely measuring the baby's _____.​ ​actualization time ​fixation time ​orientation time ​assimilation time

fixation time.

Lena is a mother of two. From the time her first child was born, Lena has been working at a school and managing every aspect of her children's lives. She believes that she must contribute to her family as well as society. According to Erik Erikson, Lena is best demonstrating _____.​ ​egocentrism ​stagnation ​generativity ​assimilation

generativity.

The _________ is the first stage of prenatal development, during which the dividing mass of cells has not become implanted in the uterine wall.​ ​fetal stage ​embryonic stage ​germinal stage ​epigeal stage

germinal stage

Anaya is a teenager who has just started wearing braces. She hates going to school anymore because she thinks that everyone is looking at her and laughing. She believes that she must look her best at all times. Which concept of Piaget's adolescent egocentrism is best depicted in this scenario? Cognitive scaffolding Objective responsibility Personal fable Imaginary audience

imaginary audience. .

According to Ainsworth, infants who show _________ are least distressed by their mother's departure.​ ​avoidant attachment ​ambivalent attachment ​secure attachment ​resistant attachment

infants who show avoidant attachment are least distressed by their mother's departure

Which of the following is a feature of Erikson's trust versus mistrust stage of psychosocial development in children? They develop self-direction and initiative. They are dependent on their primary caregivers. They develop a sense of independence. They master adult skills.

we depend on our primary care-givers (usually our parents) and come to expect that our environments will—or will not—meet our needs