Chapter 9 and 10 College History
How did President Andrew Jackson change the federal system of office holding?
Jackson introduced the principle of rotation in office to discourage land tenure
Which of the following factors explained the rapid growth of western cities such as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and New Orleans?
Their role in transportation networks
How did the federal government aid the growth of American industry in the first half of the nineteenth century?
By passing protective tarrifs
As president, John Quincy Adams supported which of the following policies?
A national bank to promote a uniform currency and to control credit
To which of the following causes did Isabella Graham and Joanna Bethune contribute in the early nineteenth century?
Assisting widows and orphans
How did middle-class reformers attempt to overcome disorder and lawlessness among urban wage earners in early nineteenth-century America?
By forming regional and national organizations to institutionalize charity and combat crime systematically
Between 1820 and 1840, the economic conditions for casual day laborers in American cities changed in which of the following ways?
Casual day laborers bore the brunt of unemployment during business depressions
By the 1830s, most laborers in the urban Northeast lived in which type of residences?
Crowded boarding houses and tiny apartments
Which concept promoted by the Second Great Awakening reinforced its push for societal reform?
Free moral agency
How did Andrew Jackson respond to South Carolina's claimed right of nullification in 1832?
He asked Congress for a Force Bill authorizing him to use military to suppress any act of nullification
Who replaced the Lowell Mill workers when they refused in the 1830s to work until conditions improved?
Irish immigrants
Which of the following arguments did President Jackson offer as a justification for destroying the Second Bank of the United States?
It was a monopoly that benefited only a few owners, some of whom were foreigners
Which of the following statements describes Jackson's veto of the bill rechartering the Second Bank of the United States in 1832?
It was a popular move, blending constitutional arguments, an appeal to patriotism, and class rhetoric
Which of the following statements describes events surrounding the election of 1824?
John Quincy Adams became president even though Andrew Jackson had more popular votes
Which of the following statements characterizes the American political system directly after the American Revolution?
Local notables dominated it by managing local elections through devices such as loaning money, and treating workers or tenants to drinks
The most critical contribution American mechanics made to the Industrial Revolution was the development of which of the following?
Machine tools
Which of the following statements describes workers' approach to alcohol consumption in the 1820s?
Many workers used alcohol as an escape from the routine of work but also drank in their workplaces
What aspect of early nineteenth-century American government had the founders condemned as contrary to republican ideals?
Political parties
Roman Catholic immigration into the United States in the 1840s had which of the following effects?
Protestants' rejection of their new Catholic coworkers undercut trade unionism
Most of the new state constitutions written between 1830 and 1860 did which of the following?
Reapportioned state legislatures on the basis of population
Politicians from modest backgrounds tended to support which of the following reforms in the 1810s?
Restrictions on imprisonment for debt
On which issue was the Whig philosophy of the 1830s critically different from that of the Federalists in the 1790s?
Rule by an elite based on talent
Who was the English immigrant who secretly brought the design of the most advanced British machinery for spinning cotton to America in 1789?
Samuel Slater
The 1832 Ordinance of Nullification was based on which of the following beliefs?
States had the right to determine which congressional laws they would enforce
What did the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution specify should be done in an election like the election of 1824, in which no presidential candidate received a majority of the electoral votes?
The House of Representatives decides the outcome
How did the appearance of canals and steamboats in the United States affect the flow of goods and information during the 1830s?
The canals and steamboats cut in half most travel and communication time
The construction of the Erie Canal had which of the following negative consequences?
The construction of the canal and its heavy use altered the ecology of the entire region
Charles Grandison Finney found success as a young revivalist preacher in the 1820s by emphasizing which of the following issues in his sermons?
The importance of personal conversion
Which of the following was the message of Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, published in full in 1818?
The suggestion that an industrious man could become wealthy
Which of the following was one of the ways that wageworkers strove to resist their bosses' efforts to control their nonwork lives in the early to mid-nineteenth century?
They built a robust workers' culture that preserved their autonomy outside work
What did bankers, land speculators, and entrepreneurs in the 1820s to the 1840s have in common?
They demanded government assistance for their business enterprises
Why did several eastern states expand suffrage in the 1810s?
They wanted to discourage westward migration
Which of the following was an outcome of the rural outwork system of manufacturing in the 1820s and 1830s?
Workers wages decreased
The power of elected officials to grant government jobs to party members in return for their loyalty is known as which of the following systems?
patronage
Andrew Jackson and his supporters won the election in 1828 in part by
calling themselves Democrats to portray a more egalitarian image
The construction of the Erie Canal, the first great engineering project in American history, was successful for which of the following reasons?
it increased the speed of shipping and travel while greatly lowering its cost
Which of the following statements characterizes the Second Bank of the United States in the 1830s?
its cautious monetary policy pleased bankers, creditors, and East Coast entrepreneurs, who funded economic development
Which of the following were the three key elements of Clay's American system?
protective tariffs, subsidized internal improvements, and the national bank
Which of the following Puritan ideas became a middle-class conviction with a secular twist during industrialization in the early 1800s?
the Protestant work ethic
In the U.S. Supreme Court case of Worcester v. Georgia (1832), John Marshall and the Court majority issued a decision that
upheld Indian nations' political authority in their communities
