chapter 9 & 10

the haploid (n) number of chromosomes for a human being is a. 23 b. 24 c. 44 d. 46 e. 48

a. 23

if the diploid number of chromosomes for an organism is 52, what will the haploid number of chromosomes be? a. 26 b. 48 c. 112 d. 24

a. 26

cancer cells require many nutrients, which are supplied by blood vessels. the growth of new blood vessels to cancerous tissue is called: a. angiogenesis b. metastasis c. carcinogenesis d. apotosis

a. angiogenesis

which of the following events occurs during prophase but does not occur during prophase of mitosis? a. crossing over b. nuclear envelope dissolves c. chromatin condenses into chromosomes d. centrioles appear in animal cells

a. crosssing over

which statement below best describes the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis? a. mitosis is the portion of the cell cycle that divides the nuclear material while cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm b. mitosis is the portion of the cell cycle that divides the cytoplasm while cytokinesis divides the nuclear material c. mitosis is the portion of the cell that uses contractile ring to divide the nuclear material while cytokinesis uses the contractile ring to divide the cell membrane d. mitosis is the portion of the cell cycle that uses a cell plate to divide the cell membrane in plant cells while cytokinesis uses a contractile ring to divide the cell membrane in animal cells

a. mitosis is the portion of the cell cycle that divides the nuclear material while cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm

during which stage of the cell cycle is cell growth and replication of organelles most significant? a. M phase b. G1 phase c. G2 phase d. S phase e. G0 phase

b. G1 phase

in some organisms, mitosis occurs without cytokinesis. this results in: a. cell death b. a multinucleated cell c. cells arrested in the G0 phase d. cells with no nucleus e. uncontrolled cell division

b. a multinucleated cell

which is not correctly associated with cancer? a. angiogenesis forms new blood vessels and brings nutrients and oxygen to the tumor b. the disorganized mass of cells is encapsulated and does not invade adjacent tissue c. metastasis establishes new tumors distant from the site of the primary tumor d. cells have receptors to adhere to basement membranes, then secrete proteinase enzymes to invade underlying tissue

b. the disorganized mass of cells is encapsulated and does not invade adjacent tissue

the purpose of therapeutic cloning is: a. to produce an individual to the donor of the nucleus b. to produce specialized tissue cells c. to stimulate cells that have been arrested to the S phase d. none of the above

b. to produce specialized tissue cells

the critical checkpoints that control the cell cycle are the: a. M and G1 stage and G2 to M stage b. S to G2 stage and G2 to M stage c. G1 to S stage and G2 to M stage d. M to G1 stage and S to G2 stage

c. G1 to S stage and G2 to M stage

the polar body is a. another name for an egg cell b. a precursor cell that becomes an egg cell c. a nonfunctional cell rudiment formed at the same time as an egg cell d. the cell produced when fertilization occurs

c. a nonfunctional cell rudiment formed at the same time as an egg cell

interkinesis is different from interphase in which way? a. interkinesis occurs after a cell finishes a nuclear division b. interkinesis is the stage that precedes a prophase stage c. interphase involves DNA replication and interkinesis does not d. interkinesis can be variable in length

c. interphase involves DNA replication and interkinesis does not

which does not occur in telophase a. cytokinesis is under why b. the nuclear envelope is being reconstructed c. the centromeres split apart d. chromosomes de condense into chromatin e. the nucleolus reforms

c. the centromeres split apart

if a sperm cell contains 8 chromosomes, it comes from an animal that has how many chromosomes a. 4 b. 8 c. 12 d. 16 e. 24

d. 16

the diploid (2n) number of chromosomes from a human being is a. 23 b. 24 c. 44 d. 46 e. 48

d. 46

interphase: a. occupies the majority of the cell cycle b. includes G1, S and G2 stages c. results in an increase in cell size d. all of the above e. none of the above

d. all of the above

the function of mitosis is: a. growth of the organism and tissue repair b. to ensure that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information c. asexual reproduction in some species d. all of the choices are correct

d. all of the choices are correct

sources of genetic vatiation in a sexually reproducing population include (s) which of the following? a. crossing over in prophase I of meiosis b. independent assortment in metaphase I of meiosis c. fertilization d. all of the choices are sources of genetic variation c. none of these choices are sources of genetic variation

d. all of these choices are sources of genetic variation

virtually all specialized cells of multicellular organisms a. develop through mutation from less specialized cells of the organism b. contain more genetic material than less specialized cells of the same organism c. contain less genetic material than less specialized cells of the same organism d. have the same amount of DNA and the same number of chromosomes as all other cells of the organism and develop from the same basic stem cells

d. have the same amount of DNA and the same number of chromosomes as all other cells of the organism and develop from the same basic stem cells.

why do polar bodies form? a. they nurse the egg as it leaves the follicle b. this is extra chromosomal material representing the X chromosome in each female cell c. they orient the sperm toward the egg d. they allow a reproduction in chromosomes while preserving most of the cytoplasm for one egg e. they orient the egg for penetration by the sperm

d. they allow a reproduction in chromosomes while preserving most of the cytoplasm for one egg

which of the following is/are true about sexual reproduction? a. at the cellular level is the opposite of reproduction since it involves two cells fusing to become one b. it requires the development of organs such as the uterus, which are of no immediate survival advantage to the individual but are advantageous to the species c. it regularly produces a wider array of adaptations to the external environment in a shorter period of time d. it regularly produces a wider array of adaptations to the internal environment in a shorter period of time e. all of the choices are true

e. all of the choices are true

apoptosis refers to cell death and a. is always biologically detrimental to an organism b. is merely the accumulation of genetic errors c. is any failure of the genetic machinery to work properly d. is a failure in the translation or transcription mechanism e. can be programmed and is essential to normal development

e. can be programmed and is essential to normal development

which is not true about daughter cells of mitosis or meiosis? a. in meiosis, daughter cells are haploid b. in meiosis, there are four daughter cells c. in mitosis there are two daughter cells d. in mitosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical e. in meiosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical

e. in meiosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical