Chapter 9 &10 (Sociology)

Charlotte was born to a lower class family in rural Pennsylvania. After taking a job in the mail room of a large corporate office, Charlotte is slowly promoted through the ranks and becomes CEO of the company by the age of 50. Compared to her parents, Charlotte's story demonstrates what type of social stratification? a. Structural mobility b. Intergenerational mobility c. Intragenerational mobility d. Downward mobility

c. Intragenerational mobility

The two regions with the highest risk of social unrest are: a. Europe and Africa b. Latin America and Asia c. South America and North America d. Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East-North Africa region

d. Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East-North Africa region

Cate is the daughter of a Senator and the former CEO of a Fortune 500 company. Harry grew up on a farm, tilling the land for a living. They are planning a June wedding. They will have a(n)___________ marriage. a. Exogamous b. Traditional c. Endogamus d. Unconventional

a. Exogamous

Which number does the World Bank use to determine the status and classification of each nation? a. Gross National Income per Capita b. Gross Domestic Product c. Purchasing Power Parity d. Organization for Economic and Cooperative Development data

a. Gross National Income per Capita

Which is an effect of absolute poverty that also contributes to its cyclical nature? a. Lack of education b. Home foreclosures c. Massive credit card debt d. Excellent healthcare

a. Lack of education

What seems to be the key (although not the rule) to upward social mobility? a. How well off your parents are. b. How much education you have. c. How many jobs you work. d. How much you spend on your personal appearance.

b. How much education you have.

Which social class is quickly disappearing from modern economies? a. Upper Class b. Middle Class c. Lower Class d. The amount of people in each class has been about the same for the past 10 years.

b. Middle Class

Which continent has the largest number of people living in poverty in the world? a. Asia b. Africa c. South America d. North America

a. Asia

Hope is desperate for the new designer purse that she saw while window shopping at her local mall. She knew every girl in school would covet her bag and wish to be like her. When she walked in, she whipped out her credit card, and purchased the $5,000 bag. This kind of purchasing is called: a. Conspicuous consumption b. Popular consumerism c. Designer consumerism d. Credit card consumerism

a. Conspicuous consumption

Areas that once had vast economic growth and large amounts of industry, but are now suffering from the effects of outsourcing are going through a period of: a. Industrialization b. Deindustrialization c. Post-industrialization d. Industrialization transition

b. Deindustrialization

It was time for Oli to marry. He had finished school and was starting a job. His parents chose a bride for him whose parents had the same amount of wealth and belonged to the same class as they did. Oli and his bride will have a(n) _________ marriage. a. Exogamus b. Endogamous c. Traditional d. Unconventional

b. Endogamous

Which historical event was greatly responsible for global stratification as we see it today? a. World War I b. The Fall of the British Empire c. The French Revolution d. The Industrial Revolution

d. The Industrial Revolution

Elisa graduated from college with a double major and was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa society. She was then offered a job in New York where she worked 12 hours a day and produced excellent results. Within two years she had over 100 employees working under her. Elisa's hard work was rewarded with a raise and a bonus. This form of promotion is based on the principles of: a. A meritocracy b. A democracy c. A caste system d. A closed stratification system

a. A meritocracy

One main issue in studying global social inequality is: a. Most countries keep their economic situations secret. b. Social inequality is relative and therefore, difficult to compare across cultures. c. The presence of tourism can make a country look richer than it really is. d. Most people live beyond their means which gives a false sense of wealth to a society.

b. Social inequality is relative and therefore, difficult to compare across cultures.

Whose work do conflict theorists rely on to help form their arguments surrounding social stratification? a. Auguste Comte b. Émile Durkheim c. René Decartes d. Karl Marx

d. Karl Marx

Symbolic interactionists have come to the conclusion that: a. Most people do not care about social rank and standing. b. Only lower class people drink beer. c. Only upper class people can enjoy a good game of polo. d. Most people only socialize with people in their same social class.

d. Most people only socialize with people in their same social class.

Which factor is considered when evaluating someone's standard of living? a. Income b. Employment c. Class d. All of the above

d.All of the above

Which continent has the greatest number of impoverished nations in the world? a. Asia b. Africa c. South America d. North America

b. Africa

What is the most significant threat to the relatively high standard of living people are accustomed to in the United States? a. The decline of the middle class b. The feminization of poverty c. The growth of the upper class d. The stagnation of wages for workers

a. The decline of the middle class

GNI PPP, or gross national income divided by purchasing power parity, helps measure: a. The standard of living in a country. b. The average level of education per person in a country. c. The amount of inflation affecting a country's currency. d. The average global interest rates for loans.

a. The standard of living in a country.

The Davis-Moore Thesis states: a. That economic hardship and skyrocketing inflation is the cause for all social stratification in the United States. b. That Karl Marx was correct and that stratification can only be solved by converting to a socialist government. c. That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make. d. That people constantly move up and down the social ladder, and this creates an unstable economy which will eventually collapse on itself

c. That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make.

With the recent Occupy Wall Street Movement, the people of the United States keep hearing about the top 1%. How much of the United State's wealth rests in the hands of the wealthiest top 1% of people? a. 1/3 b. 1/4 c. 1/8 d. 1/16

a. 1/3

Maria babysits as a form of income while she is in college. Because the amounts she gets per job are not huge, Maria never bothers to report her earnings to the IRS. Maria is a part of the_____________. a. Underground economy b. Under-reported economy c. Under-earning economy d. Under-paid economy

a. Underground economy

Since the social classes in the United States do not have any clear boundaries, how is a sociologist supposed to determine whether their subjects are in the upper class or the upper-middle class? a. Upper class is often defined as having control over one's life and the lives of people around you, while the upper-middle class is often defined as having control only over one's own life. b. The upper class is split into "old money" and "new money" people, while the upper-middle class simply struggles to maintain its wealth. c. All upper class people enjoy opera and have been bred for their stations while the upper-middle class consists mostly of newly wealthy people who may not have had the same kind of upbringing. d. In the upper class, everyone knows everyone, but in the upper-middle class, the people do not comingle.

a. Upper class is often defined as having control over one's life and the lives of people around you, while the upper-middle class is often defined as having control only over one's own life.

Which statement explains why Immanuel Wallerstein's classification is preferred by sociologist? a. Wallerstein's classification uses neutral terms that allow his classification of nations to be less biased and appear less ethnocentric. b. Wallerstein's classification uses the United States as a point of comparison so that people can understand what he is saying. c. The former Cold War era classifications are outdated and no longer accurately show the economic state of individual nations. d. Wallerstein's classification is based more on sociological data than economic data, and because of that, applies to the field of sociology better than the Cold War era classification.

a. Wallerstein's classification uses neutral terms that allow his classification of nations to be less biased and appear less ethnocentric.

A person's position in a country's social stratification is determined by: a. Wealth, power, income, race, education b. GNI PPP, GDP, GNI, the PRB, and standards of living c. Clothes, accessories, hobbies, shoes, and number of credit cards d. Prestige, family, legal records, occupation, and favorite food

a.Wealth, power, income, race, education

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was created by: a. Third world countries b. Core nation countries c. Middle-income countries d. Asian and American countries

b. Core nation countries

An example of slavery, according to Anti-Slavery International, is: a. Factories employing adults at salary level b. Factories using child labor c. Children attending school d. Children playing with friends

b. Factories using child labor.

What is particularly unique about the United States middle class? a. It is the smallest class in the United States. b. It is broken into two subcategories: upper and lower middle class. c. The people who are middle class often have little to no education. d. The upper class are as likely to become members of the lower class as members of the lower class are likely to become members of the upper class.

b. It is broken into two subcategories: upper and lower middle class.

Women's employment outside the agricultural sector remains under 20 percent inall of the following except: a. Southern America b. Northern Africa c. Western Asia d. Northern Asia

b.Northern Africa

Mohit spent his days combing through garbage in Mumbai, India with his brothers and sisters. Sometimes he would find food, or something to sell for money. He never tried to overcome his lower-class status because he had seen his friends try and fail. So, he accepted his fate, and tried to live life as best he could in a closed society. Mohit is an example of someone living under: a. A meritocracy b. A dictatorship c. A caste system d. An oligarchy

c. A caste system

88 million people live on less than $1.00 a day. These people are said to be living in _____________. a. Subjective poverty b. Marginal poverty c. Absolute poverty d. Relative poverty

c. Absolute poverty

In the United States, where outsourcing is almost always addressed negatively, companies still get away with outsourcing. How do they do this? a. Capital flight, caused by outsourcing, helps local economies thrive, so Americans are willing to make the trade off. b. Deindusrialization, also caused by outsourcing, is better for the environment, so Americans are in favor of it. c. Americans want lower prices for their consumable products, and the only way for companies to deliver those low prices is to outsource the work to cheaper laborers. d. Companies find that the many U.S. restrictions on manufacturing can seriously disrupt production, which leads to profit loss, which in turn results in outsourcing.

c. Americans want lower prices for their consumable products, and the only way for companies to deliver those low prices is to outsource the work to cheaper laborers.

In recent times, scholars have been trying to sort out why the countries on the continent of Africa, as a whole, have trouble competing to today's global, capitalist economy. While an answer to this question is complex and carries with it many ambiguities, most scholars point to European colonialism as a key to understanding the current state of Africa. A sociologist studying this topic, would ascribe to which theoretical paradigm? a. Structural functionalism b. Symbolic interactionism c. Conflict theory d. Feminist theory

c. Conflict theory

How is global stratification different from social stratification? a. Global stratification only examines environmental inequalities among nations while social stratification examines inequalities among people. b. Global stratification can only measure the inequalities among purely democratic states, while social stratification can be expanded to apply to people in any country in the world. c. Global stratification examines a myriad of different types of prejudice and inequality, while social stratification covers the social class and standing of individuals. d. Countries cannot move up and down the global stratification ladder, unlike people who can use social mobility to climb or fall down the social stratification ladder

c. Global stratification examines a myriad of different types of prejudice and inequality, while social stratification covers the social class and standing of individuals.

Which trend has the World Bank seen in its study of poverty in low-income nations? a. Equal numbers of men and women live in poverty. b. More men live in poverty than women. c. More women live in poverty than men. d. Children can avoid living in poverty if they live with their fathers.

c. More women live in poverty than men

Which statement would you find in the analysis of poverty by Neckerman and Torche? a. People will take advantage of social welfare programs if you do not watch them carefully. b. People live in poverty because they are lazy and lack meaningful work. c. Once poverty has entered a geographic location, it is very difficult to get rid of. d. People living in poverty enjoy living in poverty.

c. Once poverty has entered a geographic location, it is very difficult to get rid of.

In 2008 the United States, as well as the rest of the world, felt the effects of the recession. After the collapse of the housing market, people lost their jobs and they quit spending money. Many people could not afford their mortgages anymore and their homes went into foreclosure. For many people, it was a time of __________. a. Social stratification b. Social inconsistency c. Horizontal mobility d. Downward mobility

d. Downward mobility

Child labor and sweatshops have existed since the Industrial Revolution and even before that. Many products sold today are created in these sweatshops, even though, living in the 21st century, we like to think we are above such practices. What is one practical way we can try and stop multinational companies from using such labor? a. We can ignore the problem because it will eventually go away. b. We can trust that the CEOs and the members of the board of the companies will do the right thing. c. We can justify such practices because they are legal in other countries. d. We can be responsible consumers and research products before buying them

d. We can be responsible consumers and research products before buying them.

Immanuel Wallerstein's classification of nations uses which set of terms? a. super powers, allies of super powers, enemies of super powers b. primary nation, secondary nation, tertiary nation c. first world, second world, third world d. core nation, peripheral nation, semi-peripheral nation

d. core nation, peripheral nation, semi-peripheral nation.