Chapter 9: Biotechnology and DNA Technology

A population of cells carrying a desired plasmid is called a 32) ______ A) PCR. B) clone. C) library. D) Southern blot. E) vector.

B

Assume you have discovered a cell that produces a lipase that works in cold water for a laundry additive. You can increase the efficiency of this enzyme by changing one amino acid. This is done by 44) ______ A) selection. B) site-directed mutagenesis. C) selective breeding. D) irradiating the cells. E) enrichment.

B

How many pieces will EcoRI produce from the plasmid shown in Figure 9.1? 34) ______ A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

B

Which of the following processes is NOT involved in making cDNA? 6) _______ A) reverse transcription B) transcription C) RNA processing to remove introns D) translation

D

An advantage of synthetic DNA over genomic or cDNA is the ability to 1) _______ A) isolate unknown genes. B) make DNA from cellular RNA and the enzyme reverse transcriptase. C) obtain genes that lack exons. D) insert desired restriction sites into the DNA sequence. E) obtain genes that lack introns.

D) insert desired restriction sites into the DNA sequence

Nearly all cells, including E. coli and yeast, naturally take up DNA from their surroundings without chemical treatment.

F

A restriction fragment is 33) ______ A) a segment of DNA. B) cDNA. C) a segment of mRNA. D) a gene. E) a segment of tRNA.

A

In Figure 9.5, the marker genes used for selecting recombinant DNA are 15) ______ A) ampR and lacZ. B) HindIII, BamHI, and EcoRI. C) ampR and ori. D) ori. E) lacZ and ori.

A

In the Southern blot technique, which of the following is NOT required? 5) _______ A) addition of heat-stable DNA polymerase to amplify DNA B) addition of a labeled probe to identify the gene of interest C) restriction enzyme digestion of DNA D) electrophoresis to separate fragments E) transfer of DNA to nitrocellulose

A

PCR can be used to identify an unknown bacterium because 45) ______ A) the RNA primer is specific. B) DNA polymerase will replicate DNA. C) DNA can be electrophoresed. D) all cells have DNA. E) all cells have RNA.

A

Restriction enzymes are 27) ______ A) bacterial enzymes that destroy phage DNA. B) viral enzymes that destroy host DNA. C) animal enzymes that splice RNA. D) bacterial enzymes that splice DNA.

A

The Pap test for cervical cancer involves microscopic examination of cervical cells for cancerous cells. A new, rapid diagnostic test to detect human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA before cancer develops is done without microscopic exam. The steps involved in this FastHPV test are listed below. What is the second step? 13) ______ A) Add an RNA probe for HPV DNA. B) Add enzyme-linked antibodies against DNA-RNA. C) Add enzyme substrate. D) Lyse human cells. E) The order is unimportant.

A

The following are steps used to make DNA fingerprints. What is the third step? 9) _______ A) Digest with a restriction enzyme. B) Collect DNA. C) Lyse cells. D) Perform electrophoresis. E) Add stain.

A

The use of "suicide" genes in genetically modified organisms is designed to 21) ______ A) prevent the growth of the modified organisms in the environment. B) provide for resistance of the modified organisms to pesticides. C) delete genes necessary for modified organism's growth. D) kill the modified organisms before they are released in the environment. E) provide a means to eliminate non-modified organisms.

A

Which of the following places the steps in the PCR procedure in the correct order? 1) Incubate at 94°C to denature DNA strands; 2) Incubate at 72°C for DNA synthesis; 3) Incubate at 60°C for primer hybridization. A) 1, 3, 2 ) 3, 2, 1 C) 1, 2, 3 D)2; 1; 3 E) 3; 1; 2

A

In Figure 9.4, the bacteria transformed with the recombinant plasmid and plated on media containing ampicillin and X- gal will 24) ______ A) form blue, ampicillin-resistant colonies. B) form white, ampicillin-resistant colonies. C) form blue, ampicillin-sensitive colonies. D) form white, ampicillin-sensitive colonies. E) not grow.

B

Self-replicating DNA used to transmit a gene from one organism to another is a 28) ______ A) clone. B) vector. C) Southern blot. D) library. E) PCR.

B

The Human Genome Project, which was completed in 2003, was focused on 30) ______ A) determining all of the proteins encoded by the human genome. B)determining the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome. C) finding a cure for all human genetic disorders. D) identifying all of the genes in the human genome. E) cloning all of the genes of the human genome.

B

The following steps must be performed to make a bacterium produce human protein X. 1-Translation 2-Restriction enzyme 3-Prokaryotic transcription 4-DNA ligase 5-Transformation 6-Eukaryotic transcription 7-Reverse transcription Which of the following places the steps in the correct order?

B

The reaction catalyzed by reverse transcriptase is 20) ______ A) mRNA → protein. B) mRNA → cDNA. C) DNA → DNA. D) DNA → mRNA. E) tRNA → mRNA.

B

Which of the following methods would be used to introduce the plasmid shown in Figure 9.5 into E. coli? A) microinjection B) transformation C) Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium D) gene guns

B

You want to determine whether a person has a certain mutant gene. The process involves using a primer and a heat-stable DNA polymerase. This process is 12) ______ A) transformation. B) PCR. C) restriction mapping. D) translation. E) site-directed mutagenesis.

B

Gene silencing blocks an undesirable product by 38) ______ A) allosteric inhibition of an enzyme. B) end-product repression. C) making double-stranded RNA. D) blocking DNA replication. E) blocking transcription.

C

If you have inserted a gene in the Ti plasmid, the next step in genetic engineering is 43) ______ A) transformation of E. coli with Ti plasmid. B) splicing T DNA into a plasmid. C) inserting the Ti plasmid into Agrobacterium. D) inserting the Ti plasmid into a plant cell. E) transformation of an animal cell.

C

The restriction enzyme EcoRI recognizes the sequence G↓AATTC. Which of the following is TRUE of DNA after it is treated with EcoRI? 10) ______ A) All of the DNA will be circular. B) Some of the DNA will have single-stranded regions ending in AA and others will end in G. C) All of the DNA fragments will have single-stranded regions ending in AA. D) All of the DNA fragments will have single-stranded regions ending in G. E) All of the DNA will have blunt ends.

C

The study of genetic material taken directly from the environment is A) bioinformatics. B) proteomics. C) metagenomics. D) reverse genetics. E) forensic microbiology.

C

You have a small gene that you wish replicated by PCR. After 3 replication cycles, how many double-stranded DNA molecules do you have? 35) ______ A) 2 B) 4 C) 8 D) 16 E) thousands

C

A colleague has used computer modeling to design an improved enzyme. To produce this enzyme, the next step is to 22) ______ A) mutate bacteria until one makes the improved enzyme. B) synthesize the gene for the improved enzyme. C) look for a bacterium that makes the improved enzyme. D) determine the nucleotide sequence for the improved enzyme. E) use siRNA to produce the enzyme.

D

In Figure 9.2, the enzyme in step 1 is 7) _______ A) spliceosome. B)DNA polymerase. C) reverse transcriptase. D) RNA polymerase. E) DNA ligase.

D

In Figure 9.2, the enzyme in step 2 is 37) ______ A) RNA polymerase. B) DNA ligase. C) DNA polymerase. D) reverse transcriptase. E) spliceosome.

D

In Figure 9.5, the gene that allows the plasmid to be self-replicating is 31) ______ A) lacZ. B) EcoRI. C) HindIII. D) ori. E) ampR.

D

The figure at the left in Figure 9.3 shows a gene identified by Southern blohing. What will a Southern blot of the same gene look like after PCR? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e

D

The use of an antibiotic-resistance gene on a plasmid used in genetic engineering makes 8) _______ A) the recombinant cell unable to survive. B) the recombinant cell dangerous. C) replica plating possible. D) direct selection possible. E) All of the answers are correct.

D

Which enzyme would cut this strand of DNA? GCATGGATCCCAATGC EcoRI G↓AATTC CTTAA↑G HindIII A↓AGCTT TTCGA↑A HaeIII GG↓CC CC↑GG BamHI G↓GATCC CCCTAG↑G Pst ICTGC↓G G↑ACGTC Enzyme Recognition B) Enzyme Recognition C) Enzyme Recognition D) Enzyme Recognition E) Enzyme Recognition

D

Which of the following are used to silence specific genes and hold promise for treating cancer or viral diseases, such as hepatitis B? 36) ______ A) tumor-inducing plasmids (Ti plasmids) B) DNA fingerprinting C) reverse transcriptase PCR (rtPCR) D) RNA interference (RNAi) E) complementary DNA (cDNA)

D

Which of the following is NOT a desired characteristic of DNA vectors used in gene cloning procedures? 25) ______ A) self-replication B) has a selectable marker C) circular form of DNA or integrates into the host chromosome D) large size E) may replicate in several species

D

Which of the following is NOT an agricultural product made by DNA techniques? 16) ______ A) nitrogenase (nitrogen fixation) B) frost retardant C) Bacillus thuringiensis insecticide D) pectinase E) glyphosate-resistant crops

D

Which of the following is an advantage of using E. coli to make a human gene product? 41) ______ A) It cannot process introns. B) It does not secrete most proteins. C) Endotoxin may be in the product. D) Its genes are well known. E) Endotoxin may be in the product and it does not secrete most proteins.

D

A source of heat-stable DNA polymerase is 29) ______ A) Agrobacterium tumefaciens. B) Saccharomyces cerevisiae. C) Pseudomonas. D) Bacillus thuringiensis. E) Thermus aquaticus.

E

An advantage of cDNA over genomic DNA is that it 11) ______ A) contains selectable markers. B) is very easy to isolate. C) can form very large DNA segments. D) lacks exons. E) lacks introns.

E

Biotechnology involves the 17) ______ A) use of microorganisms to make desired products. B) use of animal cells to make vaccines. C) development of disease-resistant crop plants. D)use of microorganisms to make desired products and the use of animal cells to make vaccines. E) use of microorganisms to make desired products, the use of animal cells to make vaccines, and the development of disease-resistanct crop plants.

E

Pieces of DNA stored in yeast cells are called a 23) ______ A) clone. B) PCR. C) vector. D) Southern blot. E) library.

E

The random shotgun method is used in 39) ______ A) amplification of unknown DNA. B) transforming plant cells with recombinant DNA. C) RFLP analysis. D) forensic microbiology. E) genome sequencing.

E

Which of the following are used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to track outbreaks of foodborne disease? 42) ______ A) DNA fingerprints B) restriction fragment length polymorphisms C) reverse-transcriptase PCR (rtPCR) D) DNA fingerprings and restriction fragment length polymorphisms E) DNA fingerprings, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and reverse-transcriptase PCR(rtPCR)

E

Which of the following techniques is NOT used to introduce recombinant DNA into plants? A) gene guns B) electroporation C) protoplast fusion D) Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium E) microinjection

E

The Ti plasmid isolated from Agrobacterium can be used to insert DNA into any type of plant. 5

F

The practice of breeding plants and animals for desirable traits, such as high crop yield, is called natural selection.

F

The term biotechnology refers exclusively to the use of genetically engineered organisms for the production of desired products.

F

46) The disadvantage of genomic libraries over cDNA libraries is that genomic libraries contain gene introns.

T

A shuhle vector is a plasmid that is used to move pieces of DNA among organisms, such as bacterial, fungal, and plant cells.

T

Bioinformatics is the use of computer technology to compare and analyze genome sequence.

T

In recombinant DNA technology, a vector is a self-replicating segment of DNA, such as a plasmid or viral genome.

T

One of the first commercial successes of recombinant DNA technology was the production of human insulin using genetically engineered E. coli. 5

T

The Bt toxin derived from Bacillus thuringiensis has been introduced into some crop plants to make them resistant to insect destruction.

T

In Figure 9.1, after digestion with the appropriate restriction enzyme, what is the smallest piece containing the ampicillin- resistance (amp) gene? A) 0.17 kbp B) 0.25 kbp C) 1.08 kbp D) 1.50 kbp E) 3.00 kbp

d) 1.50 kpb