Chapter 9: Exam
What is the complete range of TCP and UDP well-known ports? 0 to 255 0 to 1023 256 - 1023 1024 - 49151
0 to 1023 Explanation: There are three ranges of TCP and UDP ports. The well-know range of port numbers is from 0 - 1023.
What happens if the first packet of a TFTP transfer is lost?
The TFTP application will retry the request if a reply is not received.
What two characteristics are associated with UDP sessions? 1. Destination devices receive traffic with minimal delay. 2. Transmitted data segments are tracked. 3. Destination devices reassemble messages and pass them to an application. 4. Received data is unacknowledged. 5. Unacknowledged data packets are re-transmitted.
1. Destination devices receive traffic with minimal delay. 4. Received data is unacknowledged. Explanation: TCP: Provides tracking of transmitted data segments· Destination devices will acknowledge received data.· Source devices will re-transmit unacknowledged data. UDP: Destination devices will not acknowledge received data· Headers use very little overhead and cause minimal delay.
Which flag in the TCP header is used in response to a received FIN in order to terminate connectivity between two network devices? FIN ACK SYN RST
ACK Explanation: In a TCP session, when a device has no more data to send, it will send a segment with the FIN flag set. The connected device that receives the segment will respond with an ACK to acknowledge that segment. The device that sent the ACK will then send a FIN message to close the connection it has with the other device. The sending of the FIN should be followed with the receipt of an ACK from the other device.
Which two flags in the TCP header are used in a TCP three-way handshake to establish connectivity between two network devices? (Choose two.) ACK FIN PSH RST SYN URG Explanation: TCP uses the SYN and ACK flags in order to establish connectivity between two network devices.
ACK SYN Explanation: TCP uses the SYN and ACK flags in order to establish connectivity between two network devices.
What does a client do when it has UDP datagrams to send?
It just sends datagrams
What three application layer protocols use TCP? SMTP FTP SNMP HTTP TFTP DHCP
SMTP FTP HTTP Explanation: Some protocols require the reliable data transport that is provided by TCP. In addition, these protocols do not have real time communication requirements and can tolerate some data loss while minimizing protocol overhead. Examples of these protocols are SMTP, FTP, and HTTP.
A host device is receiving live streaming video. How does the device account for video data that is lost during transmission?
The device will continue receiving the streaming video, but there may be a momentary disruption.
What is a characteristic of a TCP server process? Every application process running on the server has to be configured to use a dynamic port number. There can be many ports open simultaneously on a server, one for each active server application. An individual server can have two services assigned to the same port number within the same transport layer services. A host running two different applications can have both configured to use the same server port.
There can be many ports open simultaneously on a server, one for each active server application. Explanation: Each application process running on the server is configured to use a port number, either by default or manually, by a system administrator. An individual server cannot have two services assigned to the same port number within the same transport layer services. A host running a web server application and a file transfer application cannot have both configured to use the same server port. There can be many ports open simultaneously on a server, one for each active server application.
Why does HTTP use TCP as the transport layer protocol?
b/c HTTP requires reliable delivery
What happens if part of an FTP message is not delivered to the destination? a. The message is lost because FTP does not use a reliable delivery method. b. The FTP source host sends a query to the destination host. c. The part of the FTP message that was lost is re-sent. d. The entire FTP message is re-sent.
c. The part of the FTP message that was lost is re-sent. Because FTP uses TCP as its transport layer protocol, sequence and acknowledgment numbers will identify the missing segments, which will be re-sent to complete the message.
A host device needs to send a large video file across the network while providing data communication to other users. Which feature will allow different communication streams to occur at the same time, without having a single data stream using all available bandwidth? window size multiplexing port numbers acknowledgments
multiplexing Explanation: Multiplexing is useful for interleaving multiple communication streams. Window size is used to slow down the rate of data communication. Port numbers are used to pass data streams to their proper applications. Acknowledgments are used to notify a sending device that a stream of data packets has or has not been received.
What kind of port must be requested from IANA in order to be used with a specific application? registered port private port dynamic port source port
registered port Explanation: Registered ports (numbers 1024 to 49151) are assigned by IANA to a requesting entity to use with specific processes or applications. These processes are primarily individual applications that a user has chosen to install, rather than common applications that would receive a well-known port number. For example, Cisco has registered port 1985 for its Hot Standby Routing Protocol (HSRP) process.
What information is used by TCP to reassemble and reorder received segments? port numbers sequence numbers acknowledgment numbers fragment numbers
sequence numbers Explanation: At the transport layer, TCP uses the sequence numbers in the header of each TCP segment to reassemble the segments into the correct order.
A PC is downloading a large file from a server. The TCP window is 1000 bytes. The server is sending the file using 100-byte segments. How many segments will the server send before it requires an acknowledgment from the PC? 1 segment 10 segments 100 segments 1000 segments
10 segments Explanation: A PC is downloading a large file from a server. The TCP window is 1000 bytes. The server is sending the file using 100-byte segments. How many segments will the server send before it requires an acknowledgment from the PC?
Consider a datagram that originates on the PC and that is destined for the web server. Match the IP addresses and port numbers that are in that datagram to the description.
A TCP/IP segment that originated on the PC has 192.168.1.2 as the IP source address. 2578 is the only possible option for the source port number because the PC port number must be in the range of registered ports 1024 to 49151. The destination is the web server, which has the IP address 192.168.2.2, and the destination port number is 80 according to the HTTP protocol standard.
What does TCP do if the sending source detects network congestion on the path to the destination? The source host will send a request for more frequent acknowledgments to the destination. The source will decrease the amount of data that it sends before it must receive acknowledgements from the destination. The destination will request re-transmission of the entire message. The source will acknowledge the last segment that is sent and include a request for a smaller window size in the message.
The source will decrease the amount of data that it sends before it must receive acknowledgements from the destination. Explanation: If the source determines that TCP segments are either not being acknowledged or not acknowledged in a timely manner, then it can reduce the number of bytes it sends before receiving an acknowledgment. Notice that it is the source that is reducing the number of unacknowledged bytes it sends. This does not involve changing the window size in the segment header.
What is a characteristic of UDP? UDP datagrams take the same path and arrive in the correct order at the destination. Applications that use UDP are always considered unreliable. UDP reassembles the received datagrams in the order they were received. UDP only passes data to the network when the destination is ready to receive the data.
UDP reassembles the received datagrams in the order they were received. Explanation: UDP has no way to reorder the datagrams into their transmission order, so UDP simply reassembles the data in the order it was received and forwards it to the application.
Which factor determines TCP window size? the amount of data to be transmitted the number of services included in the TCP segment the amount of data the destination can process at one time the amount of data the source is capable of sending at one time
the amount of data the destination can process at one time Explanation: Window is the number of bytes that the sender will send prior to expecting an acknowledgement from the destination device. The initial window is agreed upon during the session startup via the three-way handshake between source and destination. It is determined by how much data the destination device of a TCP session is able to accept and process at one time.
What is a socket? the combination of the source and destination IP address and source and destination Ethernet address the combination of a source IP address and port number or a destination IP address and port number the combination of the source and destination sequence and acknowledgment numbers the combination of the source and destination sequence numbers and port numbers
the combination of a source IP address and port number or a destination IP address and port number Explanation: A socket is a combination of the source IP address and source port or the destination IP address and the destination port number.
When is UDP preferred to TCP?
when an application can tolerate some loss of data during transmission
What type of information is included in the transport header? destination and source logical addresses destination and source physical addresses destination and source port numbers encoded application data
destination and source port numbers Explanation: In a segment, the transport layer header will include the source and destination process, or port numbers. Destination and source physical addressing is included in the frame header. Destination and source logical addressing is included in the network header. Application data is encoded in the upper layers of the protocol stack.
During a TCP session, a destination device sends an acknowledgment number to the source device. What does the acknowledgment number represent? the total number of bytes that have been received one number more than the sequence number the next byte that the destination expects to receive the last sequence number that was sent by the source
the next byte that the destination expects to receive.
