Chapter 9 Human Sexual Behavior

T/F All Sambian boys engage in oral-genital sex with other boys, and many continue to prefer this as adults—strong evidence in support of social learning theory.

False

T/F Extremely effeminate ("sissy") boys invariably turn out to be homosexual.

False

T/F Homosexual refers to anyone who has had sex with a same-sexed person after adolescence.

False

T/F Homosexuality is classified as a mental illness by mental health professionals.

False

T/F Homosexuality is viewed negatively in almost all cultures.

False

T/F Homosexuality results from reversed gender roles.

False

T/F If one member of identical twins is homosexual, the other always will be, too.

False

T/F In Western culture, homosexuality has always been viewed with negativity.

False

T/F Most bisexuals are actually homosexuals.

False

T/F Most gays are effeminate in their appearance, while most lesbians are masculine in appearance.

False

T/F Most homosexuals adopt a single role ("masculine" or "feminine") in a sexual relationship.

False

T/F Most homosexuals would like to change their sexual orientation.

False

T/F Most studies have found that 10% of American men are predominantly or exclusively homosexual.

False

T/F Sexually prejudiced men generally have a more negative attitude about lesbians than they do gays

False

T/F There is a greater than normal chance of children raised by openly homosexual parents becoming homosexual.

False

T/F Today, sexual orientation is viewed as a dichotomous choice: heterosexual or homosexual.

False

The idea that homosexuality was "against the laws of nature" originated with

Saint Thomas Aquinas

T/F Conforming or not conforming to gender stereotypes does not reliably predict sexual orientation.

True

T/F Homosexual men have been found to have different finger length ratios than heterosexual men.

True

T/F Hormones, before or shortly after birth, probably predispose an individual to a particular sexual orientation.

True

T/F Most lesbians have had pleasurable sexual relations with men.

True

T/F On average, homosexual men have more older brothers than heterosexual men.

True

T/F The American Medical Association and American Psychological Association both oppose attempts by therapists to change an individual's sexual orientation.

True

T/F The brains of heterosexuals and homosexuals have been found to be different.

True

T/F The gender identity for most homosexuals is as consistent with their anatomy as is found for heterosexuals

True

T/F Today, coming out is beginning at a younger age than in the past.

True

T/F Women, whether straight or lesbian, tend to value commitment and romantic love.

True

Gender role nonconformity is

a better predictor of sexual orientation in men than in women

Today, sexual orientation is viewed as a(n)

a continuum

An asexual individual is someone who has

a lifelong lack of sexual attraction to men or women

Which of these men is clearly demonstrating that he has a homosexual orientation? a. a man who has sex with his wife twice a week and occasionally allows other men to give him oral sex in public bathrooms b. a man who has occasional fantasies about homosexual behaviors while having sexual intercourse with his female lover c. a man who is sexually attracted only to other men, though he has not yet engaged in homosexual behavior d. all of the above

a man who is sexually attracted only to other men, though he has not yet engaged in homosexual behavior

The first stage in coming out is

admitting to oneself of a homosexual orientation

Sexual orientation consists of which of the following components? a. affective (sexual attraction, feelings of desire and love) b. behavioral c. self-identity d. all of the above

all of the above

An important task for any adult, regardless of their sexual orientation, is to

all of the above; develop an acceptance of their sexuality, find acceptable ways to express it, and learn to incorporate their sexuality into their total lifestyle

Homosexuals discover their sexual orientation

all of the above; in childhood, in adolescence, and in adulthood

Kinsey's report that 10% of United States men were predominantly homosexual is now known to be

an overestimate

Cross-cultural studies of homosexuality have found that, compared to the United States, most cultures

are more tolerant

Hormones probably affect one's sexual orientation

before birth or in the first 20 weeks after birth

Which of these cultures was intolerant of homosexuality? a. ancient Greek b. ancient Roman c. biblical Hebrew d. all of the above

biblical Hebrew

With regard to homosexual lifestyles, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. male homosexuals generally have many more partners in their lifetime than male heterosexuals b. whether heterosexual or homosexual, women generally prefer commitment and romantic love c. both male and female homosexuals generally have many more partners than do heterosexuals d. many homosexuals describe themselves as happy with their sexual lifestyle

both male and female homosexuals generally have many more partners than do heterosexuals

A bisexual is a person who

can enjoy and engage in sexual activity with members of both sexes, or recognizes a desire to do so, without any clear preference

With regards to homosexuals as parents, which of the following is TRUE? a. most homosexuals have weak parental instincts b. children raised by openly homosexual parents usually grow up to have a homosexual orientation c. children raised by openly homosexual parents usually grow up to have a heterosexual orientation d. children raised by openly homosexual parents are more likely to show gender identity conflicts than children raised by heterosexual parents

children raised by openly homosexual parents usually grow up to have a heterosexual orientation

Jennifer has had a homosexual orientation for several years and has taken a lesbian lover. She has kept her homosexuality a secret from her parents, but has now decided to tell them and everyone else she knows about it. This is known as

coming out

Psychoanalytic theories attribute homosexuality to

differences in parenting styles

In this book, sexual orientation is defined as

distinct preferences consistently made after adolescence in the presence of clear alternatives

Studies have found that, on average, homosexual men

had a greater number of older brothers

The gender identity of the vast majority of homosexuals and bisexuals is

just as strong as is found among heterosexuals

Which of the following statements is NOT true? a. studies of identical twins indicate a genetic determinant for sexual orientation b. the brains of heterosexuals and homosexuals differ c. studies with nonhuman mammals have shown that treatment with hormones before birth can result in homosexual behavior d. level of circulating testosterone is greater in adult heterosexuals than it is in adult homosexuals

level of circulating testosterone is greater in adult heterosexuals than it is in adult homosexuals

Which of these statements regarding sexual prejudice is FALSE? a. sexual prejudice is greater among men than it is among women b. sexual prejudice is socially reinforced c. men generally feel more threatened by female homosexuality than by male homosexuality d. men generally feel more threatened by male homosexuality than by female homosexuality

men generally feel more threatened by female homosexuality than by male homosexuality

The developmental pathway to homosexuality is

more diverse for women than for men

Which of these is a problem with the social learning environmental theory explanation for the cause of homosexuality?

most female homosexuals have had pleasurable sexual relations with men, even in cases of extreme childhood gender role nonconformity, one cannot absolutely predict future sexual orientation, and homosexual orientation as an adult is no more common in cultures that encourage homosexual practices during childhood than it is in cultures that discourage it

The American Psychiatric Association classifies homosexuality as a. a mental illness b. a deviation c. an emotional disturbance d. none of the above

none of the above

"You can always tell if someone is homosexual by their appearance, walk, and other mannerisms." This statement is

not true

Which of these statements about the origins of sexual orientation is most correct? a. sexual orientation is caused mainly by the social environment (including how one is raised) b. sexual orientation is a matter of free choice c. sexual orientation is caused by biological factors d. sexual orientation is predisposed, in part, by biological factors

sexual orientation is predisposed, in part, by biological factors

Sexual prejudice is a negative attitude that

some heterosexuals have of homosexuals

The idea that homosexuality is a sickness originated with

the rise of the medical model in the 1800s

Studies with identical twins indicate that

there is a substantial (50-60%) concordance for homosexual orientation

Which of these terms is most different in meaning from the others? a. gay b. lesbian c. homosexual d. transsexual

transsexual

The American Medical Association presently recommends that

unhappy homosexuals be made comfortable with their sexual orientation

On Kinsey's 7-point scale (0-6), he regarded anyone as bisexual who had a rating of

2,3, and 4

Recent surveys indicate that _____% of American men and _____% of American women are homosexual and bisexual.

3-7, 1.5-4.5