Chapter 9 Nursing Theory

A nurse conducts theory testing and theory development research to develop nursing science. This nurse is prepared at which level of nursing education? a. Associate degree b. Bachelors degree c. Masters degree d. Doctoral degree

ANS: D

Leiningers theory uses the sunrise model. What is the major premise of Leiningers theory? a. Nursing care should be culturally congruent. b. Nursing care is based on personal, interpersonal, and social systems. c. Nursing care is a deliberate action based on observation. d. Nursing care is only possible after scientific evaluation.

ANS: A Nursing care is focused on culture care preservation.

A patient who had a broken neck in an automobile accident and was paralyzed, but eventually went back to college, obtained a law degree, and became a practicing lawyer could be said to be demonstrating a. adaptation. b. caring. c. self-care. d. homeostasis.

ANS: A

The nurse assists the patient with a bath in the morning because the patient has a cast on one hand and an intravenous line in the other. The nurse could be basing care on the philosophy of a. Henderson. b. Nightingale. c. Roy. d. Watson.

ANS: A

The nurse is caring for a young Hispanic patient after surgery. The patient hesitates when the nurse asks about meal selections from the menu. When the parents return, the nurse asks them what foods are eaten when one is ill. The nurse could be basing care on the theory of a. Leininger. b. Neuman. c. Orlando. d. Peplau.

ANS: A

A specific organizational structure that makes clear connections between concepts is a a. conceptual model. b. metaparadigm. c. philosophy. d. theory.

ANS: A A conceptual model is a broadly defined concept in an organized system to provide a focus for the integration and interpretation of information.

Which nursing model is based on the assumption that people want to be in control of their lives? a. Orem b. King c. Roy d. Watson

ANS: A An underlying assumption of Orems model is that people want to be in control of their lives and to take care of themselves.--Self care

A nurse has been introduced to theory as a guide to research and practice. This nurse is prepared at which level of nursing education? a. Associate degree b. Bachelors degree c. Masters degree d. Doctoral degree

ANS: B

An overriding principle of Nightingales writings on nursing dealt with which aspect of nursing? a. The relationship between nurses, physicians, and society b. The relationship between patients, health, and environment c. The relationship between illness and health practices d. The relationship between hospitals, nurses, and patients

ANS: B

The nurse adjusts the patients room to allow the patient to see the sunlight out the window and checks the patients diet tray to ensure a balanced diet. The nurse could be basing care on the philosophy of a. Henderson. b. Nightingale. c. Roy. d. Watson.

ANS: B

The nurse has established a relationship with a patient in whom asthma was recently diagnosed. Through their interactions, the nurse helps the patient understand the mechanism of asthma and develop the skills to use a spacer with the inhaler. The nurse could be basing care on the theory of a. Leininger. b. Peplau. c. Orlando. d. Neuman.

ANS: B

Which contemporary nursing theorist is best known for her definition of nursing that describes the nurses role as a substitute for the patient and as a helper and partner to the patient? a. Orem b. Henderson c. Watson d. King

ANS: B

Which contemporary theorist is best known for her emphasis on the caring aspect of nursing? a. Orem b. Watson c. Henderson d. King

ANS: B

Which of the following best describes the meaning of the term theory? a. A set of beliefs about the nature of how things work and how the world should be viewed b. A group of related concepts, definitions, and statements that describe a certain view of nursing phenomena from which to describe or predict outcomes c. An organizational structure that outlines concrete connections between concepts d. Statements that describe linkages between concepts and propose a testable outcome

ANS: B

Which component of nursing theory describes a testable outcome? a. Conceptual model b. Proposition c. Framework d. Metaparadigm

ANS: B A proposition describes an outcome that is testable in research or practice.

A nurse practitioner caring for a diabetic patient thinks the patient could gain better control of the diabetes if the patient lost weight. After assessing the patients perception of weight loss, role, stresses, and support systems, the nurse and patient establish the goal of losing 5 pounds in a month. The nurse could be basing care on the conceptual model of a. Johnson. b. King. c. Orem. d. Roy.

ANS: B King focused on goal attainment for and by the patient. Kings interacting systems form a framework to view whole persons in their family and social contexts.

The nurse is caring for a postoperative patient who is unable to feed himself and complete basic activities of daily living. The nurse does catheter care and changes the surgical dressing, as well as assisting with feeding and hygiene. The nurse could be basing care on the conceptual model of a. Johnson. b. King. c. Orem. d. Roy.

ANS: C

The nurse observes a patient pacing around the room. The patient expresses concern that being hospitalized will cause lost wages and create economic problems. The nurse infers that the patient is anxious, which the patient confirms. The nurse could be basing care on the theory of a. Leininger b. Neuman c. Orlando d. Peplau

ANS: C

Which of the following best describes a middle-range theory? a. They are very limited in scope and are confined to one to three concepts. b. They do not incorporate the elements of nursings metaparadigm in use. c. They usually blend nursing practice with nursing research. d. They do not borrow concepts from other disciplines.

ANS: C

A broad, general view of nursing that clarifies values and answers broad disciplinary questions for nursing is known as a a. conceptual model. b. metaparadigm. c. philosophy. d. theory.

ANS: C A philosophy is a set of broad beliefs about the nature of how things work and how to view the world.

Which nursing theorist is best known for her emphasis on interacting systems, including nurse and patient in goal setting and goal attainment? a. Watson b. Roy c. King d. Orem

ANS: C King focused on goal attainment for and by the patient. Kings interacting systems form a framework to view whole persons in their family and social contexts.

Which nursing theorist is best known for her emphasis on inferences based on observation of patient behavior, confirmation by the patient, and results in effective care based on identified patient needs? a. Leininger b. Neuman c. Orlando d. Peplau

ANS: C Orlandos theory proposes how nurses process their observations of patient behavior and how they react to patients based on inferences from patients behavior.

Peplaus theory focuses on the therapeutic relationship as the key to successful nursing intervention. Which of the following is correct about Peplaus theory? a. It is a grand theory that demonstrates that defining nursing was more important than application to practice. b. Her theory developed from her work with oncology patients. c. The theory describes six key nursing roles that are flexibly used, depending on the practice setting. d. Her theory describes nursing roles as mother, technician, salesman, scholar, and advocate.

ANS: C Peplaus theory focuses on the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and patient. The nurses role is one of six that may change with the situation or practice setting.

Which nursing theorist based her model on the belief that adaptation to changes in the environment is the basis of health? a. Watson b. King c. Roy d. Peplau

ANS: C Roys model provides a comprehensive understanding of adaptation. When environmental demands are too high and patients adaptive mechanisms too low, behavioral responses for coping are ineffective.

Nursing theory provides a foundation for theory-based practice and curriculum development. Which is a primary reason for incorporating theory into education? a. Nursing theory helps nurses explain their practice to members of other disciplines. b. Nursing theory helps transmit knowledge to new professional nurses. c. Nursing theory contributes to professional autonomy, an important characteristic of all professions. d. Nursing theory is taught as a guide to nursing practice and to teach students care within the unique perspective of nursing.

ANS: D

The nurse teaches the patient how to administer insulin. Before this the nurse and patient had developed a trusting relationship over several days, which included sharing feelings about having to take daily medication. The patient expressed confidence in the care provided by the nurse. The nurse could be basing care on the philosophy of a. Henderson. b. Nightingale. c. Roy. d. Watson.

ANS: D

Which of the following human needs was not included in Hendersons 14 basic needs of patients? a. Need for work b. Sleep and rest c. Spirituality d. Sexuality

ANS: D

A group of concepts and propositions that describe linkages between the concepts is a a. conceptual model. b. metaparadigm. c. philosophy. d. theory.

ANS: D A theory is a group of related concepts, definitions, and statements that propose a view of phenomena to describe, explain, or predict outcomes.

A patient had a significant blood loss in surgery and now has a low hemoglobin level. The patient complains of fatigue. The nurse intervenes to facilitate adaptation by establishing periods of rest and scheduling activities throughout the day. The nurse could be basing care on the conceptual model of a. Johnson. b. King. c. Orem. d. Roy.

ANS: D Roy focused on the individual as a biopsychosocial adaptive system and described nursing as a humanistic discipline that emphasizes the persons adaptive abilities.