Chapter 9 psych

Tony and his siblings were always taught by their parents to show nothing but respect toward their elders, even when their elders were unkind. Tony's parents were attempting to establish _____ for their children. a. incentives b. display rules c. motives d. instincts e. emotional protocols

B

Christine is 54 years old and has a difficult time losing weight. Which of the following cases is MOST likely responsible for Christine's difficulty to lose weight? a. Christine's body maintains a high level of leptin. b. Christine has suffered damage to the lateral hypothalamus in her brain. c. Christine has a high weight set point. d. Christine has a very high basal metabolic rate. e. Christine has a binge-eating disorder.

C

Even though he studies a lot, Lester has high test anxiety, which tends to affect his test performance. According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, which of the following activities might help Lester improve his performance? a. Get a tutor. b. Study less. c. Practice relaxation techniques just before taking an exam. d. Study hard the night before an exam. e. Listen to loud music before an exam to energize his mind.

C

In a social situation, an American may display anger outwardly by shouting or banging on a table, but a Japanese person may not show anger outwardly at all and will remain calm. This is an example of: a. the James-Lange theory of emotion. b. the common sense theory of emotion. c. display rules. d. the Yerkes-Dodson law. e. cultural differences regarding the need for power.

C

Marisol feels hungry often and tends to overeat as a result. Marisol's doctor explained that her blood sugar level is currently very high, and this has been known to cause an increase in a particular hormone, which can result in increased appetite and the tendency to overeat. The hormone that appears to be causing Marisol to overeat is called ______. a. glucagon b. leptin c. insulin d. glucose e. serotonin

C

People who have anorexia nervosa usually have a distorted ________. a. sense of self-worth b. need for affiliation c. body image d. primary incentive mechanism e. experience of emotions.

C

Trisha, a registered nurse, was asked to work an extra 12-hour shift to help meet the needs of the hospital. After being offered an additional fifteen dollars an hour for the extra shift, Trisha agreed. The additional money that helped motivate Trisha to work extra hours can be considered a(n) _______. a. drive b. primary motivator c. incentive d. intrinsic motivator e. goal

D

Which of the following is NOT a psychological treatment strategy for people with anorexia nervosa? a. group therapy b. family-based therapy c. electroconvulsive therapy d. supportive clinical management e. cognitive-behavioral therapy

D

Which of the following is a physiological factor in causing hunger? a. Insulin is released, causing blood glucose levels to drop. b. Highly-refined carbohydrates in the system cause glucagon levels to spike. c. The sympathetic nervous system signals the brain that the stomach is empty. d. Glucagon increases the level of glucose in the bloodstream. e. The basal metabolic rate increases, triggering hunger.

a. Insulin is released, causing blood glucose levels to drop.

"I am excited because my heart is racing." This statement would be best supported by which of the following theories of emotion? a. James-Lange b. common sense c. Cannon-Bard d. cognitive arousal e. cognitive mediational

a. James-Lange

Which of the following is an example of behavior from a person who is a sensation seeker? a. On a beautiful day, Dylan impulsively decides to skip school and go hiking. b. On a sunny day, Hae daydreams of going to the beach, but remembers that she has a science test, so she goes to school. c. Manny has been planning for his vacation to Disney World for months. He's read travel books, knows the park schedule, and has packed clothes for any kind of weather. d. Cam is taking his family to a new restaurant he's never been to before. He prints a map from his laptop, just to be sure they don't get lost on the way. e. Hamid has always wanted to try scuba diving, but his mom says it's dangerous, so he goes to watch an IMAX film about diving the Great Barrier Reef instead.

a. On a beautiful day, Dylan impulsively decides to skip school and go hiking.

Claire is intrinsically motivated to play tennis. Why does she play? a. She enjoys the exercise and the game because playing is enjoyable and rewarding to her. b. She enjoys winning the league trophy to display in her office. c. She enjoys winning the prize money from her league's annual tournament every year. d. She enjoys having a chance to win a new outfit from the club's player raffles. e. She enjoys receiving compliments from other members who watch her play and win.

a. She enjoys the exercise and the game because playing is enjoyable and rewarding to her.

Even if Lily eats a late breakfast, she still "feels" hungry at noon. This is an example of: a. classical conditioning. b. instinct. c. drive reduction. d. obesity. e. binge-eating disorder.

a. classical conditioning.

Dr. Benito favors the use of grades, money, and certificates to increase good behavior. Dr. Benito focuses on which kind of motivation? a. extrinsic b. intrinsic c. enticement d. primary e. achievement

a. extrinsic

Luke goes for a three-mile run, causing him to sweat and become thirsty. In response to this need, Luke drinks a bottle of water. When he drinks, he restores his body's: a. homeostasis. b. affiliation. c. motivation. d. arousal. e. equilibrium.

a. homeostasis.

The United States has the highest rate of obesity in the world because ________ of its population is obese. a. one-third b. one-half c. one-fourth d. two-thirds e. one-fifth

a. one-third

Daryl is experiencing hunger, thirst, and the need for shelter. His needs are examples of ________ drives. a. primary b. secondary c. temporary d. acquired e. extrinsic

a. primary

A(n) _________ motive appears to be unlearned, but causes an increase in stimulation, such as curiosity. a. stimulus b. arousal c. need d. drive e. emotional

a. stimulus

According to Maslow, peak experiences are: a. times in a person's life during which self-actualization is temporarily achieved. b. the fulfillment of basic psychological needs. c. movement up and down the hierarchy. d. times in a person's life during which the need for love and belonging are fulfilled. e. personal crises that must be resolved to satisfy a critical need and advance up the hierarchy.

a. times in a person's life during which self-actualization is temporarily achieved.

Stacey is trying to find a parking spot in a busy lot. She sees an open space and heads toward it, but before she can pull in, a car cuts her off, zooms into the space, and nearly causes an accident. During this time, Stacey's heart begins racing, and a moment later she realizes she must be angry. Which theory best explains her reaction? a. Cannon-Bard theory b. James-Lange theory c. Lazarus's cognitive mediational theory d. common sense theory e. facial feedback theory

b. James-Lange theory

People driven by the need for ___________ have a strong desire to attain both realistic goals and very challenging ones. a. acquisition b. achievement c. power d. affiliation e. status

b. achievement

In Schachter and Singer's _________, they proposed that physical arousal and a labeling of the arousal based on cues from the surrounding environment result in experiencing emotion. a. facial feedback hypothesis b. cognitive arousal theory c. common sense theory d. cognitive mediational theory e. biocognitive feedback theory

b. cognitive arousal theory

After dinner, Mitchell feels full and satisfied. A few minutes later, he gets up off the couch, heads to the kitchen and grabs a candy bar. His anticipation of the delicious taste of chocolate was his ________ for choosing to eat even though he was full. a. arousal b. incentive c. drive d. instinct e. compulsion

b. incentive

A(n) __________ is a requirement of some material, such as food or water, that is essential for survival of the organism. a. drive b. need c. instinct d. emotion e. peak experience

b. need

Marcus and Geoff decide to train together to participate in a triathlon. Geoff is doing it because he likes the challenge, but Marcus is only doing it because he wants to win the prize money. In terms of theory, Marcus is being motivated by a(n) ________ drive. a. affiliative b. secondary c. tertiary d. primary e. instinctual

b. secondary

Felicity cannot experience fear. If Felicity's inability to experience fear is caused by damage to the brain, which area of the brain has most likely been affected? a. the hypothalamus b. the amygdala c. the cerebrum d. the hippocampus e. the pons

b. the amygdala

In extrinsic motivation, a person is motivated: a. to work because the act itself is internally rewarding or satisfying in some way. b. to work for an outcome that is separate or external from themselves. c. to avoid work. d. to work to meet a need for power. e. to work to meet a need for achievement.

b. to work for an outcome that is separate or external from themselves.

The particular level of body weight that the body tries to maintain is the: a. metabolism. b. weight set point. c. basal metabolic rate. d. body mass index. e. basal weight.

b. weight set point.

Obesity is a condition in which the body weight of a person is _____ percent or more over the ideal body weight for that person's height. a. 5-10 b. 15-20 c. 20-30 d. 45-50 e. 30-40

c. 20-30

Which of the following would be the behavior of a person who has a need for power? a. Lan constantly worries about whether she will be invited to her friends' gatherings and is always on the phone or texting friends when she has free time. b. Phil is training for his fifth ironman competition because he wasn't happy with his final time in the competitions he previously ran. c. Hector is in a middle management role at his company. He dominates his work team and demands that his ideas be used. He dreams of being the company CEO one day. d. Alex is a straight-A student and recently transferred to a new school. In a group project, she has noticed many errors in the group's paper, but she doesn't mention them because she wants to make friends not hurt their feelings. e. Rajiv recently completed an MBA program. He is looking for a senior position with an organization that tackles problems in developing countries, such as lack of clean water or childhood education.

c. Hector is in a middle management role at his company. He dominates his work team and demands that his ideas be used. He dreams of being the company CEO one day.

___________ is the theory of motivation in which behavior is explained as a response to an external stimulus and its rewarding properties. a. Instinct approach b. Arousal approach c. Incentive approach d. Drive-reduction e. Self-actualization

c. Incentive approach

Adam wants to feel happier. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, what should Adam do? a. Go hang out with some friends. b. Go to a batting cage and hit some baseballs as hard as he can. c. Smile more. d. Listen to soothing music. e. Make affirmative statements while looking in a mirror.

c. Smile more.

Mario has been known for doing things impulsively, engaging in risk-taking activities, and surrounding himself with people who are unpredictable. Based on his high need for arousal, Mario may be ______. a. a lonely person b. a high achiever c. a sensation seeker d. an underachiever e. a power player

c. a sensation seeker

Thuy joined the cheerleading squad primarily to receive acceptance from her peers. Thuy appears to have a strong need for ______. a. power b. popularity c. affiliation d. achievement e. self-actualization

c. affiliation

Which part of the brain is associated with emotions such as fear and pleasure in both humans and animals? a. hypothalamus b. cerebral cortex c. amygdala d. cerebellum e. anterior cingulate cortex

c. amygdala

The rate at which the body burns energy while resting is the: a. weight set point. b. metabolism. c. basal metabolic rate. d. body mass index. e. caloric set point.

c. basal metabolic rate.

Whenever Ferrell feels sad, his mother says to him, "Smile. It'll make you feel much better." In this particular situation, Ferrell's mother appears to agree with the ________. a. common sense theory b. cognitive arousal theory c. facial feedback hypothesis d. cognitive-mediational theory e. Cannon-Bard theory

c. facial feedback hypothesis

According to McDougall, which of the following instincts is responsible for our reaction to run away if we sense danger? a. pugnacity b. acquisition c. flight d. curiosity e. compassion

c. flight

Ingrid noticed that her house was very cold, so she turned on the heater to warm it up. By turning on the heater, Ingrid was attempting to establish _____ within her home. a. arousal b. tension c. homeostasis d. sensation e. safety

c. homeostasis

Many arousal theorists believe that a _________ level of arousal is optimal for most people under normal circumstances. a. high b. low c. moderate d. variable e. sustained

c. moderate

Which of the following is NOT an example of the Yerkes-Dodson law? a. A student who has severe test anxiety may fail a test because arousal is too high. b. A student who is bored in class may fail a test because arousal is too low. c. A student who normally talks to friends one-on-one quite comfortably experiences stage fright when giving a speech to the class. d. A student's high performance in the classroom is based on parents and teachers giving the correct form of praise. e. A student who has been dreaming of getting her driver's license for months gets flustered and fails the road test.

d. A student's high performance in the classroom is based on parents and teachers giving the correct form of praise.

____________ is the psychological tension and physical arousal created when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension. a. Instinct b. Homeostasis c. Need d. Drive e. Ambition

d. Drive

While walking down the street, Preeti sees a large, snarling dog standing on the sidewalk. She immediately appraises the situation as dangerous, experiences fear, and becomes aroused. Preeti's response to the dog is best explained by: a. Schachter and Singer's cognitive arousal theory. b. the Cannon-Bard theory. c. the James-Lange theory. d. Lazarus's cognitive-mediational theory. e. common sense theory.

d. Lazarus's cognitive-mediational theory.

Which of the following individuals might be LEAST likely to make the list of those who have achieved self-actualization as described by Abraham Maslow? a. Albert Einstein b. Mahatma Gandhi c. Harriet Tubman d. Saddam Hussein e. Nelson Mandela

d. Saddam Hussein

According to Dweck's research, how might a student with an internal locus of control likely react to a failure on a math test? a. The student would probably decide that he or she wasn't "wired" to do math well, give up trying, and fail the class. b. The student would become depressed, thinking fate must be stacked against her success, and fail the class. c. The student would blame the failure on poor genetics, since neither parent is any good at math. d. The student would decide to try a new method of studying and hire a tutor to help in understanding the concepts of the class more clearly. e. The student would blame the failure on poor teaching and lack of resources at the school, and lower his or her expectations for success.

d. The student would decide to try a new method of studying and hire a tutor to help in understanding the concepts of the class more clearly.

Tanisha studies every night and works very hard to get good grades in school. She is a member of the National Honor Society, is enrolled in all advanced placement classes, and participates in debate competitions throughout the school year. Tanisha appears to be driven by a high need for ______. a. power b. popularity c. affiliation d. achievement e. transcendence

d. achievement

Gloria has many friends and is very popular at work. In addition, she continually talks with her friends on the telephone and goes out with them several nights per week. A psychologist would say Gloria has a need for: a. achievement. b. power. c. prestige. d. affiliation. e. esteem.

d. affiliation.

Liam was confronted by a large, salivating dog. According to the Cannon-Bard theory, Liam experienced: a. fear first and then bodily reactions. b. bodily reactions first and then fear. c. only bodily reactions. d. fear and bodily reactions at the same time. e. a bodily reaction, followed by a cognitive appraisal, followed by fear.

d. fear and bodily reactions at the same time.

Every Saturday, Jaquan does yard work and takes out the trash for his elderly neighbors. Each time he's offered money for his work, he declines, noting that he does it simply because he loves to help others. Jaquan's aid to his neighbors appears to be ________ motivated. a. instinctually b. extrinsically c. externally d. intrinsically e. socially

d. intrinsically

Travis is thirsty and almost dehydrated. Travis has a(n) ______ for water. a. instinct b. incentive c. desire d. need e. affiliation

d. need

Which area of the brain has been associated with sadness, anxiety, and depression? a. amygdala b. left frontal lobe c. anterior cingulate cortex d. right frontal lobe e. hippocampus

d. right frontal lobe

Which structure or organ is thought to be responsible for stopping the eating response when glucose levels go up? a. pancreas b. stomach c. lateral hypothalamus d. ventromedial hypothalamus e. hippocampus

d. ventromedial hypothalamus

According to Maslow's hierarchy, one cannot meet esteem needs until ________ needs are met. a. transcendence b. self-actualization c. cognitive d. aesthetic e. belongingness

e. belongingness

The biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior that exist in both people and animals are called: a. stimuli. b. motives. c. needs. d. instincts. e. drives.

e. drives.