chapter 9
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
-Defines child abuse and neglect as mental or physical injury, negligent treatment, maltreatment, or sexual abuse of a child less than 18 years of age by a person responsible for the child's welfare under circumstances that indicate that a child's welfare or health is being threatened or harmed -Mandates professionals to report abuse and neglect to law enforcement officials -Occupational therapists are included in this list of mandated reporters -OT practitioners can also serve as child welfare advocates -Direct OT intervention may be needed to remediate the emotional or physical disorders that result from abuse
maltreatment
Abuse/Neglect, financial exploitation is a form specific to the elderly. elderly persons. Elderly persons are also at risk of having a conservatorship, guardianship, or power of attorney misused.
safe haven laws
Allow mothers or caregivers in crisis to leave their babies at designated locations anonymously without risk of punishment
shaken baby syndrome
Brain hemorrhages, skull fractures and retinal hemorrhages caused by shaking
Emotional or Psychological Elder Abuse
Causing emotional pain by ridiculing, demeaning, humiliating, etc. an elderly person
dark figure of crime
Crime that is not reported to the police and that remains unknown to officials.
financial exploitation
Illegal or improper use of an elderly person's property, assets, or funds
self-neglect
Involves behaviors committed by the older adult that endanger his or health, safety, and overall well-being.
power of attorney abuse
Misusing access to an elderly person's money
physical elder abuse
Nonaccidental harm of an elderly person causing pain, injury or impairment
Older Americans Act of 1965
Protected the rights of and provided funding for the elderly
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
Provided definitions for child abuse and neglect and established mandatory reporting laws
long-term care ombudsman program
Receives complaints about elderly mistreatment in long-term care facilities
mandatory reporting laws
Require anyone who comes in contact with children in the course of work or volunteer activities to report any suspected case of child maltreatment to child protection authorities or police.
mandatory reporting law
Requires certain professionals, such as doctors, to report suspected cases of child abuse
national social life, health, and aging project
Self-report survey of elderly people about their experiences of abuse
sexual elder abuse
Sexual contact with an elderly person without his or her consent
child sexual abuse
Unwanted or forced sexual contact with a child, engaging children in sex work, or exposing children to sexually explicit material
self-neglect
When an elderly person fails to care for or adequately protect himself or herself
guardian ad item (GAL)
a person who represents the best interest of a child in court.
2003
adult protective services received 253426 reports of elder
national child abuse and neglect data system
annual analysis of data on child abuse reports submitted to child protective services.
victims of child maltreatment
are almost equally likely to be make and female with children under age 3 making up 71% of fatalities in 2014
children who are maltreated
are likely to be involved in criminal behavior and delinquency and to use
Dependency Theory
as the dependence of the elderly increases, their rates of abuse and neglect increase
physical abuse
injury to the body through punching, beating, kicking, or burning
long term care ombudsman
is mandatory in every state, allowing for elder maltreatment complaints to be reported.
the differences between discipline and physical abuse of a child
is the intent to harm versus the intent to teach the child right from wrong.
death
is the most serious outcome of child maltreatment, and almost three fourths of child facilities in 2014 were attributed to neglect at least in part.
white children
made up the largest percentages of reports of child maltreatment, but Africa American and Hispanic children were disproportionately represented in reports, given their composition in the population.
females
make up a greater proportion of victims of elder maltreatment then do males.
national elder abuse incident study
measured the incident of mistreatment of people over age 60 in domestic settings
elder maltreatment cases of self neglect
most common are caregivers neglect cases,followed by financial exploitation cases.
elder maltreatment
only 6% of substantiated reports of elder maltreatment occured in long-terms care settings and 2% occurredin other locations, which included assitted living facilities
elder justice act of 2010
provided funding for adult protective services and for the prevention and detection of elder abuse
the criminal justice system
recognizes that children need special attention and certain court appointed advocates when they testified in court.
national incident study (NIS)
report on cases investigated by child protective services and cases identified by professionals in the community.
risk factors for child maltreatment
risk factors of child maltreatment include the childs temperament and vulnerability
safe haven laws
state laws that allow mothers to abandon newborns to designated safe facilities without penalty
as dependency of elderly person increases
stress will increase, as will the risk of abuse and neglect.
abuse and neglect
two major forms of child maltreatment
neglect
when a Childs basic needs are not met; also, when someone with the responsibility of caring for an elderly person fails to fulfill their caretaking obligations.
abandonment
when an elderly person is left by the caregiver in charge of him or her.
elder maltreatment
•As many as two million people older than 65 years of age suffer from abuse, neglect, or exploitation, inflicted by family members in 90% of cases (Stark, 2012). •Physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional or psychological abuse, neglect, abandonment, and financial or material exploitation are all types of elder maltreatment (National Center on Elder Abuse, 2011).