Chapter Four

Psychoanalytic Theory

Freudian theory that attempts to look deep into the mind of the individual, focusing on abnormalities or disturbances in the individual's emotional development from early childhood. Constituting the idea of the id, ego, and superego.

Aggressive narcissism, socially deviant lifestyle

The two factors making up the PCL-R are Factor 1: ____ ____ and Factor 2: ___ ____ _____

Personality Trait Theory

Theory that looks at the abnormal, inadequate, or specifically criminal personalities or personality traits that differentiate delinquents and criminals from law-abiding people.

False

True or False: according to psychological theories individuals can be deterred

True

True or False: psychological theories are not seen as inherited or biological

Oedipus complex

When a boy develops a desire to possess his mother and therefore develops a hatred and fear of his father who seems to be standing in his way; usually develops from ages 3 to 6

Electra complex

When a girl develops a desire to possess her father and therefore develops a hatred and fear of her mother who seems to be standing in her way; usually develops from ages 3 to 6

Psychoanalytic Theory

____ ____ focuses on irrational and unconscious motivations as the basic forces behind crime

10

____ percent of people with antisocial personality disorder will engage in crime

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)

a person with this disorder will have behavior patterns of an unsocialized individual bringing them into repeated conflicts with society; however only 10% of people with this disorder will engage in crime

California Psychological Inventory (CPI)

a personality trait theory test that examines around 20 different personality traits (dominance, sociability, self-control, tolerance, and empathy); this test is intended to measure variations in personality traits

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

a personality trait theory test that measures abnormal personality traits (depression, hysteria, paranoia, psychopathology, compulsiveness), originally designed to detect deviant personality patterns in mentally ill adults, now also used to predict delinquency; attempts at predicting future delinquency however have only been partially successful

The Five Factor Model (FFM)

a test developed to study personality traits based on five main ones; openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (OCEAN)

guilt, conflict

according to psychoanalytic theory repressed ____ and ____ are the true causes of delinquency

infantile amnesia

causes a person to be unaware of why they developed certain psychopathic traits and ultimately makes them not consciously aware of these conflicts because they all trace back to early childhood, memories which are blocked by this

abnormal, dysfunctional, inappropriate

crimes result from ____, _____, or ______ mental processes within the personality

Personality Trait Theory

impulsiveness, aggressiveness, sensation seeking, rebelliousness, hostility, and so on are all traits that ____ ___ ____ looks at to define deviant/criminal behavior

Anders Behring Breivik

man who killed 77 people in Norway now serving 21 years in prison

psychopathology

part of the psychopathic personality that refers to any psychological disorder that causes distress and includes depression, alcoholism, mania, etc.

depression, hysteria, paranoia, psychopathology, compulsiveness

personality trait theory focuses on 5 main personality traits (the 5 MMPI measures), these are

individual, small, serious

psychiatric clinical and case studies concentrate on ___ cases or on ____ samples of the most ____ offenders

clinical, case

psychiatric studies rely heavily on ___ and ____ studies; such as the one conducted on Joseph Kallinger (a shoemaker who with his teenage son committed a series of burglaries, robberies, and murders); producing a widely varying estimate of the proportion of offenders who have some diagnosable mental disorder or psychiatric problem

counseling, therapy

psychological ____ and ____ are commonly used to help criminals or people with mental issues

internal factors, choice

psychological theories are very similar to biological theories in that individuals commit crime because of ___ ___ not because of ___

manipulation, conscience, antisocial

psychopaths are known for ___ of others and having little to no ____. They also are known for having multiple ____ personality disorders

psychopathic, antisocial, sociopathic

serious criminal violations leading people to be labeled as ___, ____, or ____ personalities are often applied to a self-centered person who has no sense of right and wrong, no empathy with others, and is incapable of feeling remorse or guilt for misconduct or harm to others

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)

someone who is incapable of loyalty, is grossly selfish, callous, irresponsible, impulsive, blames others for consequences, has a lack of guilty, is easily frustrated, and has an inability to learn from experience most likely has _____

Psychopathic Personality

someone with this personality has been defined as an "asocial", self-centered, aggressive person with a dangerously maladjusted personality, who craves excitement, feels little guilt, and is unable to form meaningful emotional attachments to others

half

the 20% of criminals identified by the PCL as psychopaths are responsible for ___ of all serious crimes

20

the PCL identifies ___ percent of all incarcerated criminals as psychopaths

superego

the conscience and moralizing part of the mind, like the angel on your shoulder telling you right from wrong

ego

the conscious and rational part of the mind, the development of this is what keeps our id in check, like your head listening to the angel and devil on your shoulder

Personality Trait Theory

the treatment process for this theory states that individualized treatment, preferably intensive individual counseling and therapy, is needed to resolve the psychological problems to make a meaningful impact on the person's criminal or delinquent behavior.

Psychoanalytic Theory

the treatment process for this theory states that perspective criminal and delinquent offenders should be treated as sick persons who are not responsible for their actions in any rational sense; that punishment of offenders will be ineffective and will only provoke more guilt and unhealthy psychological reactions, ultimately what they need is treatment for underlying emotional disturbances and once this is cured crime will be remedied

Id

the unconscious seat of irrational, antisocial, and instinctual impulses that must be controlled and shaped for social adaptation to life in society. Essentially ones basic instincts; the need for food, water, sex, and pleasure, like the devil on your shoulder telling you to do wrong

Personality Trait Theory

theory that believes crimes are committed as a result of a deviant nonconforming individual's personality

Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R)

this was developed by Robert Hare to measure psychopathic behaviors, it is a 20 item scale that ultimately is used to deem someone a psychopath or not

Andrea Yates

woman who killed her five children, including a new born baby, because she was suffering horribly from postpartum depression