Chapters 1-12 Test - EMR
A 16-year-old girl intentionally ingested liquid drain cleaner in an attempt to kill herself. She is conscious, alert, and refuses to speak to you. You should: a) administer 50 g of activated charcoal. b) determine why she tried to kill herself. c) arrange for prompt transport to the hospital. d) induce vomiting with syrup of ipecac.
c) arrange for prompt transport to the hospital.
All of the following are upper airway structures, except the: a) epiglottis b) pharynx c) larynx d) alveoli
d) alveoli
When transmitting information from the patient's side to the responding ambulance, the EMR would most likely use a: a) cellular telephone b) mobile radio c) portable radio d) base station
c) portable radio
When caring for a patient with a medical problem, it is important to: a) promise the patient that everything will be okay. b) obtain your information from the patient's family. c) provide frequent reassurance to the patient. d) take the patient's blood pressure every 3 minutes.
c) provide frequent reassurance to the patient.
Which of the following is not a route by which a poison can enter the body? a) Dilution b) Inhalation c) Ingestion d) Injection
a) Dilution
Which of the following is not considered an advance directive? a) EMS system protocols b) Durable power of attorney for health care c) Living will d) Do not resuscitate (DNR) order
a) EMS system protocols
Which of the following statements regarding seizures is correct? a) Generalized seizures generally last between 1 and 2 minutes. b) Seizures are rarely associated with a loss of consciousness. c) Absence seizures typically result from a high fever. d) All seizures cause the patient's entire body to shake.
a) Generalized seizures generally last between 1 and 2 minutes.
Which of the following infectious diseases would be the least likely to be spread by the airborne droplet route? a) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) b) Influenza c) Tuberculosis (TB) d) Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
a) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Which of the following statements regarding stress is correct? a) Past experiences may make it difficult to deal with stress. b) Mass-casualty incidents typically produce low stress levels. c) Most emergency calls produce only a minor level of stress. d) Very young patients tend to cause the least amount of stress.
a) Past experiences may make it difficult to deal with stress.
An elderly woman must be moved from an unsafe environment quickly. The patient is unconscious and is wearing a thin nightgown. What is the most rapid and effective way for you and your partner to move her? a) Place a blanket or rug on the ground, roll her onto it, and quickly remove her from the unsafe environment. b) Grasp the patient by the collar of her nightgown and pull her in the direction of the long axis of her body. c) Place her in a chair and rapidly move her to a place of safety while protecting her head and neck. d) Quickly log roll her onto a backboard, secure her to the board with straps, and move her to safety.
a) Place a blanket or rug on the ground, roll her onto it, and quickly remove her from the unsafe environment.
You are the first responder to arrive at an emergency scene. What should you do first? a) Survey the scene for potential safety hazards. b) Access the patient and initiate the appropriate care. c) Wait in your vehicle until law enforcement arrives. d) Determine exactly how many patients are involved.
a) Survey the scene for potential safety hazards.
Which of the following statements is correct? a) The chest is located on the anterior aspect of the body. b) An injured left foot is proximal to an injured left knee. c) The abdomen is on the posterior aspect of the body. d) The thigh is proximal in relation to the patient's hips.
a) The chest is located on the anterior aspect of the body.
When moving a patient, who typically gives the command to begin the move? a) The rescuer at the patient's head b) The paramedic in charge of patient care c) The strongest rescuer at the scene d) The most senior responder at the scene
a) The rescuer at the patient's head
During your assessment of a 21-year-old man who fell from a roof, you note the presence of bruising on the medial aspect of the anterior trunk. What part of the body is this describing? a) Towards the midline on the front part of the torso b) Away from the midline on the back of the torso c) Away from the midline on the front part of the torso d) Toward the midline on the back of the torso
a) Towards the midline on the front part of the torso
In which of the following phases of an EMS call is the EMR typically not involved? a) Transport to the hospital b) Response to the scene c) Updating responding EMS units d) Transferring patient care
a) Transport to the hospital
Which of the following is not part of the standard precautions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)? a) Use leather gloves as a barrier against blood and fluids. b) Wear a face shield if blood splatter is anticipated. c) Place needles directly in a puncture-proof container. d) Wash your hands immediately after patient contact.
a) Use leather gloves as a barrier against blood and fluids.
Which of the following is an example of an internal distraction that may hinder an EMR's communication with a patient? a) Worrying about personal finances while at the scene of a car crash b) A loud bulldozer that is operating in a lot near a patient's residence c) An angry husband who is demanding that the EMR care for his wife d) Numerous family members who are giving the EMR patient information
a) Worrying about personal finances while at the scene of a car crash
While functioning at the scene of a patient in cardiac arrest, you do not initiate CPR because the patient is elderly and you think that he is probably dead. Paramedics arrive and determine that the patient has only been in cardiac arrest for 6 minutes. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is correct? a) You may be held liable for failure to follow the standard of care. b) As an EMR, you did not have a legal duty to begin CPR. c) The patient would most likely not be able to be resuscitated. d) Your actions are consistent with the responsibilities of an EMR
a) You may be held liable for failure to follow the standard of care.
A critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) is used to: a) alleviate the stress reactions caused by high-stress incidents b) determine whether any errors in patient care occurred. c) investigate potential wrongdoings by the EMS responder. d) identify the exact stressors that resulted in the stress reaction.
a) alleviate the stress reactions caused by high-stress incidents
The purpose of noting the mechanism of injury (MOI) is to: a) allow you to predict what injuries the patient may have. b) determine whether the patient's problem is medical or trauma. c) rule out the possibility of any life-threatening injuries. d) identify life-threatening injuries that the patient has.
a) allow you to predict what injuries the patient may have.
The most difficult emotional reaction for the emergency medical responder (EMR) to deal with objectively is: a) anger b) depression c) remorse d) denial
a) anger
The location of a lateral body part is a) away from the midline of the body b) toward the center of the body c) in the lower part of the body d) at the highest point of the body
a) away from the midline of the body
To see his grandson graduate from high school, a man with a terminal illness promises to keep all of his doctor's appointments and take all of his medications exactly as prescribed. This is an example of: a) bargaining b) acceptance c) denial d) anger
a) bargaining
If you are unable to feel a carotid pulse in an unconscious, nonbreathing adult within 5 to 10 seconds, you should: a) begin CPR, starting with chest compressions. b) locate the radial pulse and assess it for up to 10 seconds. c) provide rescue breathing and reassess for a pulse in 2 minutes. d) look for and control severe external bleeding.
a) begin CPR, starting with chest compressions.
You arrive at the scene of an incident involving a motor vehicle and a pedestrian. Law enforcement officers are present, but the paramedic unit will not arrive for another 5 minutes. Your patient, who was struck by the vehicle, is a 16-year-old girl. She is unconscious and has severe bleeding from her head. You should: a) begin immediate treatment and ask a law enforcement officer to attempt to contact the child's parents. b) ask a law enforcement officer to sign a statement that you are providing care without parental consent. c) contact the child's parents and obtain phone consent before rendering any emergency medical care d) keep curious bystanders away from the patient until the paramedic unit arrives at the scene.
a) begin immediate treatment and ask a law enforcement officer to attempt to contact the child's parents.
The respiratory system functions by: a) bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide. b) transporting oxygenated blood throughout the body. c) ensuring that an adequate amount of oxygen reaches the body's cells. d) eliminating damaged blood cells from the body.
a) bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide.
The airway within the lungs branches into narrower and narrower passages called: a) bronchioles b) capillaries c) alveoli d) red blood cells
a) bronchioles
Which of the following would most likely produce the greatest amount of stress for the EMR? a) death b) anger c) exercise d) depression
a) death
All of the following are components of the scene size-up, except: a) determining whether the patient is sick or injured. b) ensuring that the scene is safe for you to enter c) determining the need for additional resources. d) strict adherence to standard precautions at all times
a) determining whether the patient is sick or injured.
If a patient is lying on the floor or ground in an unsafe environment, you should: a) drag the patient away from the scene instead of trying to lift or carry him or her. b) grab the patient by the pants and quickly drag him or her to a safe area. c) disregard the possibility of spinal injury and move the patient quickly. d) push the patient to safety using the long axis of his or her body.
a) drag the patient away from the scene instead of trying to lift or carry him or her.
In which of the following situations would the use of a gown or apron, face shield, and gloves clearly be indicated? a) emergency childbirth b) minor trauma c) obtaining vital signs d) all emergency situations
a) emergency childbirth
When a person swallows food or liquid, it does not enter the trachea because the: a) epiglottis covers the trachea during swallowing. b) trachea briefly closes during the swallowing process. c) muscles of the larynx spasm during swallowing d) esophagus is a larger opening than the trachea
a) epiglottis covers the trachea during swallowing.
The most effective way to prevent exposure to infectious diseases is to: a) follow standard precautions on all calls b) place a mask on all patients you treat c) ensure that your immunizations are current d) wash your hands thoroughly after each call
a) follow standard precautions on all calls
Ways in which the EMR can prevent and reduce unnecessary stress include all of the following, except: a) frequent exposure to stress-causing situations to train the mind. b) being aware of the resources and services that are available c) adjustments in lifestyle to include stress-reducing activities d) learning to recognize the signs and symptoms of stress
a) frequent exposure to stress-causing situations to train the mind.
A hiker was bitten on the left leg by an unknown type of snake. Your assessment reveals that the affected area is swollen and tender to the touch. The patient is sweating profusely and is nauseated. Responding paramedics have not arrived at the scene. In addition to keeping the patient calm, you should: a) gently wash the bite area, splint the affected extremity, and place it below the level of the heart. b) have the patient lie down, elevate the affected extremity, and update the responding paramedics. c) apply a tourniquet below the area of the bite and elevate the affected extremity at least 10" (25.4 cm). d) advise the paramedics that antivenin will be needed, apply ice to the bite area, and splint the affected extremity.
a) gently wash the bite area, splint the affected extremity, and place it below the level of the heart.
A 60-year-old man is found sitting in his car alongside the road. There is no apparent damage to his vehicle. Your assessment reveals that the man is in cardiac arrest. You should: a) grasp the patient under his arms, cradle his head between your arms, and remove him from the vehicle. b) recline the seat completely back, get inside the car, and begin CPR until additional help arrives at the scene. c) begin CPR while the patient is still in his car and remove him from the car when additional help arrives. d) grasp the patient by his arms and rapidly drag him from the vehicle while protecting his head and neck as much as possible.
a) grasp the patient under his arms, cradle his head between your arms, and remove him from the vehicle.
A poison that enters the body through the mouth or nose and is absorbed by the mucous membranes lining the respiratory system is said to be: a) inhaled b) ingested c) absorbed d) injected
a) inhaled
The most effective way to slow the spread of an injected poison throughout the body is to: a) keep the patient quiet and still. b) apply a tight constricting band. c) administer supplemental oxygen. d) apply chemical ice packs to the site.
a) keep the patient quiet and still.
"Adam's apple" and "voicebox" are other terms used to describe the: a) larynx b) pharynx c) throat d) oropharynx
a) larynx
Regardless of the technique you use for moving patients, you should: a) lift and lower the patient by bending your legs b) maintain a slight curvature of your back c) lift and lower the patient by bending your back d) keep your arms away from your body
a) lift and lower the patient by bending your legs
If you suspect that a person has been abused, your initial responsibility is to: a) maintain safety for yourself and the patient. b) objectively document your assessment findings. c) immediately update the responding EMS unit. d) report the situation to law enforcement.
a) maintain safety for yourself and the patient.
When you encounter a patient with a significant illness, it is important to remember that he or she: a) may be experiencing any stage of grief b) is usually depressed and will not talk c) will always project anger toward you d) has probably already accepted the situation
a) may be experiencing any stage of grief
Which of the following pieces of equipment should be included in the EMR's life support kit? a) mouth-to-mask ventilation device b) endotracheal tubes c) mechanical suction device d) manual defibrillator
a) mouth-to-mask ventilation device
When dispatched to an emergency call, you should: a) not respond until you are sure of the location. b) get in your response vehicle and proceed immediately. c) call the dispatcher by phone to confirm directions. d) send a "received call" message to the dispatcher via text.
a) not respond until you are sure of the location.
Fire fighters and law enforcement personnel are likely to be the first EMRs to arrive at a scene because: a) of their location or speed in responding to the call. b) they are typically paid and are on call 24 hours a day. c) they are trained in all aspects of an emergency call. d) most communities do not have EMTs or paramedics.
a) of their location or speed in responding to the call
An important step in managing your own stress is the ability to: a) recognize its signs and symptoms b) ignore its signs and symptoms c) eliminate all stressors in your life d) project the stress towards others
a) recognize its signs and symptoms
When caring for a patient who is possibly experiencing a heart attack, you should: a) refrain from allowing the patient to walk. b) apply the AED pads to the patient's chest. c) avoid giving aspirin until EMTs arrive. d) place the patient in a supine position.
a) refrain from allowing the patient to walk.
A 70-year-old woman was found unconscious in her bed. She has a pulse, but is gurgling when she breathes. You should: a) roll the patient onto her side, carefully sweep out her mouth with your finger, and reassess her breathing. b) administer high-flow oxygen and then place her in the recovery position until EMTs or paramedics arrive. c) perform a blind finger sweep of her mouth to clear her airway and then insert an oropharyngeal airway d) remove any dentures if present, suction her mouth for up to 20 seconds, and reassess her breathing.
a) roll the patient onto her side, carefully sweep out her mouth with your finger, and reassess her breathing.
If you are experiencing stress away from your job, you should: a) seek assistance from a mental health professional b) spend some time away from family and friends c) obtain a prescription for anti-anxiety medication d) find another job not related to emergency medicine
a) seek assistance from a mental health professional
When assessing the MOI of a vehicle that struck a utility pole, you notice that the vehicle's steering wheel is bent. You should: a) suspect injuries to the patient's chest. b) be the most suspicious for head injuries. c) check the patient for extremity injuries first. d) conclude that the air bag deployed.
a) suspect injuries to the patient's chest.
Components of the quality improvement process, as identified by the Institute of Medicine, include all of the following, except a) teamwork b) timeliness c) safety d) efficiency
a) teamwork
Which of the following MOST accurately describes an emergency medical responder (EMR)? a) The first medically trained person to arrive at the scene b) An individual who responds to the scene in an ambulance c) An individual who provides initial advanced life support d) A fire fighter or police officer who assists the paramedics
a) the first medically trained person to arrive at the scene
Which of the following statements regarding the acceptance stage of the grieving process is correct? a) The patient understands that the situations cannot be changed b) The patient is satisfied with the situation during this phase c) Acceptance is typically the first stage of the grieving process d) It is often characterized by sadness, despair, and deniar
a) the patient understands that the situations cannot be changed
The most important reason for notifying the dispatcher after you have turned over care of a patient to other EMS providers is: a) to let the dispatcher know how long it will take before you are available for another call. b) to inform the dispatcher of the care you provided before other EMS providers arrived. c) that the dispatcher is required to report any and all radio traffic to his or her supervisor. d) to enable the dispatcher to maintain an accurate time log for the incident.
a) to let the dispatcher know how long it will take before you are available for another call.
The EMR must possess the ability to: a) treat patients using limited equipment b) avoid improvisation whenever possible c) function at the same level as an EMT d) sustain a patient's life for several hours
a) treat patients using limited equipment
All of the following are part of the normal grieving process, except: a) violence b) anger c) depression d) acceptance
a) violence
If a patient speaks to you when you ask if he or she can hear you: a) you may assume that the airway is patent. b) the patient is breathing without difficulty. c) the patient's heart rate is at least 80 beats/min. d) you should perform a manual airway maneuver.
a) you may assume that the airway is patent.
Which of the following is not an appropriate response when acknowledging a patient's or family member's anger? a) "What can I do to help you?" b) "Get control of yourself." c) "Is there anyone I can call for you?" d) "What's the matter?"
b) "Get control of yourself."
The usual adult dose of activated charcoal is: a) 12.5 to 25 g. b) 25 to 50 g. c) 25 to 100 g. d) 5 to 12.5 g.
b) 25 to 50 g.
Which of the following statements regarding a base station is correct? a) Most base stations can be mobilized and deployed quickly to a remote location in an emergency situation. b) A base station is used by dispatchers to send and receive messages to and from all parts of the service area. c) Base stations are attached to more than one antenna but can transmit and receive on only one frequency. d) A base station is a powerful mobile two-way radio system that is designed to transmit on multiple frequencies.
b) A base station is used by dispatchers to send and receive messages to and from all parts of the service area.
Which of the following concepts is the first and most important when providing patient care? a) Maintain your composure b) Above all else, do no harm c) Render proper treatment d) Provide your care in good faith
b) Above all else, do no harm
A patient requires rapid transport to the hospital when: a) the patient's condition may deteriorate if he or she is not transported fairly quickly. b) EMS personnel are unable to give the patient adequate life-saving care in the field. c) traffic is extremely heavy and the patient's condition requires treatment by a physician. d) he or she requires care that can be provided only by a physician at the hospital.
b) EMS personnel are unable to give the patient adequate life-saving care in the field.
The scope of care under which the EMR functions is specified by the: a) National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians. b) EMS system medical director. c) National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians. d) State Department of Public Safety.
b) EMS system medical director.
Which of the following statements regarding a patient's consent to treatment is correct? a) Once a patient gives you consent, he or she cannot revoke it. b) Patients may refuse treatment at any time, even if treatment has begun. c) Patients can give consent to treat only to an EMT or paramedic. d) A patient must be transported if he or she consents to treatment.
b) Patients may refuse treatment at any time, even if treatment has begun.
A patient is said to be alert if he or she: a) is confused but is able to tell you the approximate time. b) is able to answer questions accurately and appropriately. c) reacts to a loud stimulus, such as when you raise your voice. d) has not experienced any significant illnesses or injuries.
b) is able to answer questions accurately and appropriately.
Which of the following statements regarding the MOI is correct? a) The MOI is the single most important factor when determining which injuries a particular patient has. b) The MOI can provide clues, but it cannot be used to determine which injuries a particular patient has. c) The MOI is used to rule out life-threatening conditions in patients who have experienced a traumatic injury. d) The MOI is usually identified during your primary assessment of a critically injured patient.
b) The MOI can provide clues, but it cannot be used to determine which injuries a particular patient has.
The most common cause of seizures in infants and young children is: a) drug or alcohol poisoning. b) a sudden high fever. c) epilepsy d) a severe head injury.
b) a sudden high fever.
To provide the best possible care for the patient: a) a paramedic must be present at each and every emergency. b) all EMS personnel must function effectively as a team. c) the medical director must be notified during every emergency. d) the patient must receive rapid transport to the closest hospital.
b) all EMS personnel must function effectively as a team.
Common principles used when assessing patients with a behavioral crisis include all of the following, except: a) informing the patient what you are doing. b) asking the patient if he or she has any children. c) asking questions in a calm, reassuring voice. d) allowing the patient to tell you what happened.
b) asking the patient if he or she has any children.
The most effective way to assess a small child's level of responsiveness is to: a) determine if the child is able to tell you his or her birthday. b) assess the child's interaction with his or her environment. c) pinch the child's skin to elicit a response to pain. d) speak directly to the child in a nonthreatening tone of voice.
b) assess the child's interaction with his or her environment.
Before attempting to move any patient, you should: a) concentrate on what you are doing instead of the other rescuers. b) assess the patient's weight and know your physical limitations. c) put on a protective back brace to facilitate curvature of your back. d) roll the patient onto his or her side to estimate his or her weight.
b) assess the patient's weight and know your physical limitations.
A condition characterized by acute spasm of the smaller air passages in the lungs is called: a) emphysema b) asthma c) bronchitis d) pneumonia
b) asthma
For a patient to be legally able to make a decision regarding his or her own health care, he or she must: a) have at least two witnesses present at the scene. b) be of legal age as defined by state law c) have a non-life-threatening injury or illness d) accept EMS transport to an appropriate hospital
b) be of legal age as defined by state law
It is usually best to obtain a medical history on a patient who is experiencing a medical problem: a) before you perform your primary assessment. b) before you perform a secondary patient assessment. c) after other EMS personnel have arrived at the scene. d) only after ALS treatment has been provided.
b) before you perform a secondary patient assessment.
After manually opening an unconscious patient's airway, you should: a) assess the patient's respiratory rate and administer oxygen. b) check the mouth for secretions, foreign bodies, or dentures. c) insert an airway adjunct and begin rescue breathing at once. d) place the patient in the recovery position and observe him or her closely.
b) check the mouth for secretions, foreign bodies, or dentures.
Air is inhaled into the lungs when the diaphragm: a) relaxes and moves upward in the chest. b) contracts and moves downward in the chest. c) contracts and moves upward in the chest. d) relaxes and moves downward in the chest.
b) contracts and moves downward in the chest.
Air is drawn into the lungs through the trachea when the: a) diaphragm relaxes and the rib cage recoils. b) diaphragm contracts and the rib cage expands. c) rib cage recoils and the diaphragm flattens. d) rib cage expands and the diaphragm ascends.
b) diaphragm contracts and the rib cage expands.
The most important assessment skill to use when caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency is: a) a basic knowledge of psychiatry. b) effective communication. c) gathering of medical history data. d) interpretation of vital signs.
b) effective communication.
A 40-year-old woman has an injury to the midshaft humerus following a motor vehicle crash. What major joint is immediately distal to her injury? a) shoulder b) elbow c) wrist d) xiphoid
b) elbow
Imagining yourself in another person's situation, sharing his or her feelings and ideas, is called: a) sympathy b) empathy c) redirection d) remorse
b) empathy
The structure that prevents food or liquid from entering the larynx is called the: a) esophagus b) epiglottis c) nasopharynx d) oropharynx
b) epiglottis
The direct ground lift should not be performed if the patient: a) weighs more than 175 pounds (79kg) b) has experienced a traumatic injury c) is unconscious and not breathing d) has a back injury and is able to walk
b) has experienced a traumatic injury
During the primary assessment, you should: a) perform a comprehensive examination of the patient. b) identify and correct all life-threatening conditions. c) determine whether additional resources are needed. d) determine whether the scene is safe for you to enter.
b) identify and correct all life-threatening conditions.
You arrive at an apartment complex where a young woman is experiencing an acute emotional crisis. Law enforcement is present, and the scene is safe. As you enter the patient's apartment, you find her sitting on her couch. She is crying and in obvious emotional distress. You should: a) ensure that your physical positioning is higher than that of the patient. b) introduce yourself to the patient and ask her what her name is. c) ask the patient if she has any thoughts of hurting herself. d) establish immediate and constant eye contact with the patient.
b) introduce yourself to the patient and ask her what her name is.
The first part of determining a conscious patient's level of responsiveness is to: a) gently shake the patient to elicit a response. b) introduce yourself to the patient. c) pinch the trapezius muscle to elicit a response. d) ask the patient why he or she called 9-1-1.
b) introduce yourself to the patient.
You and your partner are the first to arrive at the scene of a man who fell approximately 20′ (6 m) from a second-story balcony. The patient is found lying on his side. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. A paramedic unit is approximately 5 minutes away. You should: a) apply a cervical collar and carefully secure the patient to a short backboard or vest-style immobilization device. b) keep the patient's head and neck stabilized, tell the patient not to move, and wait for the paramedic unit to arrive at the scene. c) carefully immobilize the patient to a long backboard and monitor his condition until the paramedic unit arrives. d) carefully place the patient on his back and stabilize his head and neck until the paramedic unit arrives at the scene.
b) keep the patient's head and neck stabilized, tell the patient not to move, and wait for the paramedic unit to arrive at the scene.
Noting a patient's appearance; activity; speech; orientation to person, place, and time; and memory are most useful when assessing his or her: a) thoughts b) mental status c) feelings d) violence potential
b) mental status
Atherosclerosis is most accurately defined as: a) hardening of the arteries. b) narrowing of the arteries. c) coronary vessel dilation. d) a high cholesterol level.
b) narrowing of the arteries.
A snoring sound heard when an unconscious patient is breathing is most often the result of: a) blood or other fluids in the upper airway. b) partial blockage of the airway by the tongue. c) narrowing of the upper airway structures. d) a respiratory rate that is too slow or too fast.
b) partial blockage of the airway by the tongue.
You are a volunteer EMR and have placed your name on the schedule to respond for a 12-hour shift. With 10 minutes left in your shift, you are dispatched for a patient with a possible fractured leg. You should: a) wait until your relief arrives and let him or her respond. b) proceed to the scene and begin providing care to the patient. c) wait for paramedics to arrive to determine if you are needed. d) respond only if it is convenient because you are a volunteer.
b) proceed to the scene and begin providing care to the patient.
Fire units are often a crucial part of the EMS system because they: a) are better trained than EMTs to assist paramedics. b) provide specialized rescue such as patient extrication. c) provide protection and control of the scene. d) always arrive at the scene before EMTs or paramedics.
b) provide specialized rescue such as patient extrication
The circulatory system is responsible for: a) producing oxygen-carrying blood cells b) pumping blood through the body c) enriching the blood with oxygen d) producing carbon dioxide in the body
b) pumping blood through the body
A device that receives a weak radio signal, amplifies that signal, and then rebroadcasts it is called a(n): a) antenna b) repeater c) paging system d) amplifier
b) repeater
Much of the emergency care you provide to a patient who has been poisoned is based on the: a) reason why the poisoning incident occurred. b) signs and symptoms the patient is experiencing. c) specific type of poison involved in the incident. d) route by which the poison entered the body.
b) signs and symptoms the patient is experiencing.
The first and most important step in crisis management is to: a) request a paramedic. b) talk to the patient. c) request law enforcement. d) demonstrate sympathy.
b) talk to the patient.
Effective communication means that: a) only a minimal communication barrier exists between two people. b) the person being spoken to understands exactly what he or she is told. c) all external distractions have been eliminated from a conversation. d) the person being spoken to will be able to hear what is being said.
b) the person being spoken to understands exactly what he or she is told.
The recovery position is used for patients who are: a) experiencing respiratory distress b) unconscious and not injured c) semiconscious with a neck injury d) severely obese and not breathing
b) unconscious and not injured
When opening the airway of an unconscious injured patient, you should: a) use the head tilt-chin lift maneuver. b) use the jaw-thrust maneuver. c) grasp the patient's tongue and lower jaw and lift. d) insert an oral airway before manually moving the head.
b) use the jaw-thrust maneuver.
An EMR has a legal duty to act: a) even when outside of his or her response jurisdiction. b) while employed by an agency that designates you as an EMR. c) only if he or she is not paid by a fire department or rescue squad d) if he or she encounters an emergency scene while not on duty
b) while employed by an agency that designates you as an EMR.
Identifying potential exit routes at an emergency scene is most important because: a) ambulances will need to take the quickest route to the hospital b) you may need to exit the area rapidly if the scene becomes unsafe. c) law enforcement personnel need to be notified of all exit routes. d) the quickest exit route is almost always the safest route to take
b) you may need to exit the area rapidly if the scene becomes unsafe.
Which of the following interventions would the EMR most likely perform at the scene of a cardiac arrest? a) Initiation of an intravenous line b) Administration of certain medications c) CPR and defibrillation d) Insertion of an endotracheal tube
c) CPR and defibrillation
Which of the following statements regarding infants and children is false? a) Infants and children require smaller breaths during rescue breathing. b) A child's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's tongue. c) Cardiac arrest in infants and children is often the result of heart disease. d) An infant's or child's airway is more easily blocked by secretions.
c) Cardiac arrest in infants and children is often the result of heart disease.
Which of the following statements regarding a situational crisis is correct? a) A situational crisis always causes the patient to exhibit socially unacceptable, self-destructive, or dangerous behavior. b) Situational crises are of long duration and usually can be managed by the patient's coping mechanisms. c) Most situational crises are sudden and unexpected and cannot be handled by a person's usual coping mechanisms. d) A situational crisis is typically the result of an ongoing situation, such as a loved one with a terminal disease.
c) Most situational crises are sudden and unexpected and cannot be handled by a person's usual coping mechanisms.
Which of the following statements regarding transport of a patient to the hospital is correct? a) In most states and EMS systems, EMRs are not authorized to assist the EMT in the back of the ambulance. b) EMRs are legally obligated to accompany the patient in the back of the ambulance to the hospital. c) Patients may require immediate stabilization at the closest hospital and then transfer to another facility. d) Any sick or injured patient should be transported to the closest hospital, regardless of the patient's condition.
c) Patients may require immediate stabilization at the closest hospital and then transfer to another facility.
When EMTs or paramedics arrive at the scene of an emergency, the EMR should: a) assume that his or her assistance will no longer be required. b) obtain a signature from the EMT who is assuming patient care. c) assist the EMTs in continuing the care that he or she initiated. d) accompany the patient to the receiving medical facility.
c) assist the EMTs in continuing the care that he or she initiated
A 60-year-old man complains of severe chest pressure that feels like a vise around his chest. His skin is cool and moist, and he is short of breath and very anxious. The patient tells you that he has taken three nitroglycerin tablets, but the pain has not been relieved. You should: a) contact your medical director and obtain permission to give up to three more nitroglycerin tablets. b) suspect that he has angina pectoris, reassure him that you are there to help him, and activate the EMS system. c) assume that he is having a heart attack and arrange for prompt transport to an appropriate medical facility. d) ask the patient to walk around to help relieve his anxiety and then reassess him to see if he still has pain.
c) assume that he is having a heart attack and arrange for prompt transport to an appropriate medical facility.
A major sign or symptom of CHF is: a) a rapid pulse rate. b) chest pain. c) breathing difficulty. d) cold, pale skin
c) breathing difficulty.
The alveoli in the lungs are surrounded by very small blood vessels called: a) veins b) arterioles c) capillaries d) venules
c) capillaries
Common factors that contribute to negative behavioral changes include all of the following, except: a) use of mind-altering substances. b) serious injury to a loved one. c) decreased responsibility at work. d) low blood sugar levels.
c) decreased responsibility at work.
Upon arriving at the scene of an emergency call, a visual survey will enable you to: a) identify any type of hazardous materials that may be involved. b) identify the patients who are the most critically ill or injured. c) determine the number of patients and estimate injury severity. d) determine the events that occurred shortly before the incident.
c) determine the number of patients and estimate injury severity.
A fracture of a femur in a location farthest away from the hip is: a) superior b) medial c) distal d) proximal
c) distal
A patient who verbally or non-verbally lets you know that he or she is willing to accept treatment is giving you ____________ consent. a) assumed b) implied c) expressed d) informed
c) expressed
You are at the scene of a shooting. The patient, who is being cared for by paramedics, is unresponsive and has severe bleeding from his injury. In this case, the EMR's most important function is to: a) report observations to law enforcement personnel. b) factually document the care provided to the patient. c) help the paramedics prepare for rapid transport. d) help keep bystanders away from the patient.
c) help the paramedics prepare for rapid transport.
Upon arriving at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash, you determine that there are multiple patients. You should: a) triage all patients and then use your portable radio to call for additional resources. b) call for additional help using a cellular phone after you have determined the severity of the patients' injuries. c) immediately request additional resources using the mobile radio in your response vehicle. d) page additional help by using the mobile data terminal in your response vehicle.
c) immediately request additional resources using the mobile radio in your response vehicle.
Basic patient movement techniques require slight modification when moving a patient from a wrecked vehicle because the patient: a) is often unconscious b) is usually trapped in the wreckage c) is not in a lying position d) cannot be grasped under the arms
c) is not in a lying position
If you suspect that a patient has suffered a head or spine injury, you should: a) allow the patient to move slowly as you stabilize his or her head. b) move the patient quickly so that his or her spine can be immobilized. c) keep the patient's head and spine immobilized to avoid movement d) carefully move the patient in a sitting position to avoid further injury.
c) keep the patient's head and spine immobilized to avoid movement
In relation to the nose, the eyes are: a) medial b) proximal c) lateral d) distal
c) lateral
When communicating with a conscious, sick, or injured patient, it is important to: a) use medical terms to avoid patient confusion b) allow minimal time for the patient to respond c) maintain eye contact whenever possible d) speak quickly to expedite patient care
c) maintain eye contact whenever possible
The oropharynx is also known as the: a) throat b) nose c) mouth d) windpipe
c) mouth
You arrive at a local community center for a 56-year-old woman complaining of chest discomfort. The woman tells you that she took one of her nitroglycerin tablets about 15 minutes ago, but she still has chest discomfort. Responding paramedics are approximately 10 minutes away. You should: a) place her in a semi sitting position, assist her in taking up to three more nitroglycerin tablets, and administer oxygen. b) give her up to two more nitroglycerin tablets, place her supine and elevate her legs, and update the responding paramedics. c) place her in a comfortable position, assist her in taking another nitroglycerin tablet, and administer oxygen. d) assume that she is experiencing angina pectoris, administer oxygen, and perform a thorough physical examination.
c) place her in a comfortable position, assist her in taking another nitroglycerin tablet, and administer oxygen.
Scene hazards that are not visible to emergency responders include: a) spilled gasoline b) ice on the road c) poisonous fumes d) unstable surfaces
c) poisonous fumes
When EMTs or paramedics arrive at an emergency scene, the EMR should: a) apprise family members who may be present at the scene. b) notify the dispatcher of their arrival and then depart the scene. c) provide them with a hand-off report and assist as needed. d) disengage from patient care and give them room to work.
c) provide them with a hand-off report and assist as needed.
The purpose of a communications system is to: a) communicate critical patient information face to face with another healthcare professional. b) transmit data from a remote location to the hospital so that the physician can provide the proper guidance. c) relay information from one location to another when it is impossible to communicate face to face. d) alert the general public in the event of a natural disaster, terrorist attack, or other significant situation.
c) relay information from one location to another when it is impossible to communicate face to face.
You are the first medically trained person to arrive at a residence for a 40-year-old woman who has a severe headache and nausea. As you are assessing the patient, her husband tells you that he and his son have the same symptoms. You should: a) request additional resources to care for the patients. b) suspect that the family is suffering from the flu. c) remove everyone from the residence at once. d) perform a thorough physical exam on all patients.
c) remove everyone from the residence at once.
As you approach an emergency scene, you should first: a) notify the dispatcher of your scene size-up findings. b) quickly gain access to the patient and begin treatment. c) scan the area to determine the extent of the incident. d) determine the number of critically injured patients.
c) scan the area to determine the extent of the incident.
A patient is in the anatomic position when he or she is: a) standing facing you with arms to the side and palms touching the side of the lower extremities. b) lying down on his or her back with the arms at the sides and the palms facing downward. c) standing facing you with arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing outward. d) lying down on his or her side with the arms above the head and the hands clenched in a fist.
c) standing facing you with arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing outward.
A cardiac arrest patient's most crucial contact with the EMS system occurs when: a) the receiving hospital is made aware of the situation. b) medical control is made aware of the situation. c) trained EMRs arrive at the patient's side. d) paramedics arrive and administer advanced care.
c) trained EMRs arrive at the patient's side
If you are unable to determine what is causing a patient's altered level of consciousness, you should: a) place the patient in the recovery position and observe. b) apply an AED in case the patient develops cardiac arrest. c) treat the patient based on his or her signs and symptoms. d) observe the patient until EMS personnel arrive at the scene.
c) treat the patient based on his or her signs and symptoms.
To comply with the standard of care, the EMR must: a) treat the patient in a manner that is consistent with what is expected of the general public and that meets or exceeds the EMR's established scope of practice. b) provide prompt and competent care that is consistent with what is deemed appropriate by the paramedic in charge and that is clearly defined in the EMS system protocols. c) treat the patient to the best of his or her ability and provide care that a reasonable, prudent person with similar training would provide under similar circumstances. d) provide the same prompt and competent care that an individual with a higher level of training would have provided under the same or similar circumstances.
c) treat the patient to the best of his or her ability and provide care that a reasonable, prudent person with similar training would provide under similar circumstances.
The blanket drag would be most appropriate to use to move a patient if he or she is: a) wearing a sturdy shirt but no pants b) in cardiac arrest and requires CPR c) wearing clothing that is easily torn d) underweight and semiconscious
c) wearing clothing that is easily torn
In which of the following situations should you perform the jaw-thrust maneuver? a) 29-year-old patient found semiconscious on her couch b) 49-year-old conscious patient who was in a vehicle crash c) 55-year-old semiconscious patient with low blood sugar d) 40-year-old unresponsive patient who fell from a ladder
d) 40-year-old unresponsive patient who fell from a ladder
Which of the following most accurately defines a behavioral emergency? a) A person who was otherwise acting normally suddenly becomes irritable and displays abnormal or bizarre behavior. b) A patient requires medical assistance because of a progressive change in his or her behavior. c) A psychiatric patient experiences a sudden deterioration in his or her condition and becomes suicidal. d) A person exhibits abnormal, unacceptable behavior that cannot be tolerated by family, friends, or the community.
d) A person exhibits abnormal, unacceptable behavior that cannot be tolerated by family, friends, or the community.
You are dispatched to an elementary school for a 7-year-old boy who sustained a minor injury while on the playground. The child is conscious, alert, and does not appear to have any life-threatening injuries. What should you do? a) Send the child to the nurse's office for minor treatment and then return your unit to service. b) Allow a teacher to sign a patient refusal form because the child does not require treatment. c) Begin treatment of the child and request an EMT unit to transport him to the hospital. d) Ask a teacher to contact the child's parents to obtain consent for you to begin treatment.
d) Ask a teacher to contact the child's parents to obtain consent for you to begin treatment.
Which of the following pieces of information is the least critical to relay to the responding EMS unit about your patient? a) Level of responsiveness b) Chief complaint c) Status of airway d) Past medical history
d) Past medical history
A patient with an altered mental status has experienced: a) an event that has caused him or her to become combative or violent. b) a gradual decrease in his or her respirations. c) a sudden loss of consciousness from a low blood pressure. d) a gradual or sudden decrease in his or her level of responsiveness.
d) a gradual or sudden decrease in his or her level of responsiveness.
Two general treatments for poisoning by ingestion are: a) dilution with milk and inducing vomiting. b) syrup of ipecac and dilution with water. c) activated charcoal and syrup of ipecac. d) activated charcoal and dilution with water.
d) activated charcoal and dilution with water.
A DNR order is a written request giving permission for medical personnel not to: a) give oxygen to a patient with severe hypoxemia b) render treatment to patients with a terminal illness c) begin resuscitation unless the patient is in shock d) attempt resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest
d) attempt resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest
After opening the airway of an unconscious elderly woman, you discover that there are thin secretions in her mouth. You should: a) begin rescue breathing at once. b) insert an oral airway. c) assess her respiratory rate. d) clear her airway with suction.
d) clear her airway with suction.
A patient who has inhaled a poison would most likely present with: a) dilation of the pupils. b) profuse sweating. c) severe vomiting and diarrhea. d) coughing and hoarseness.
d) coughing and hoarseness.
In addition to ensuring your own safety, the most important guideline to follow when moving a patient is to: a) move the patient's body as a unit. b) move the patient as little as possible c) move the patient only when necessary d) do not further harm to the patient
d) do not further harm to the patient
The term "anterior" refers to the: a) sides b) back c) top d) front
d) front
When treating a person who has ingested a poison, you should first: a) induce vomiting with syrup of ipecac. b) notify the poison control center. c) arrange for prompt transport to a hospital. d) identify the poison the person ingested.
d) identify the poison the person ingested.
Acute blockage of a coronary artery most often causes the patient to experience: a) severe nausea and vomiting. b) sudden cessation of a heartbeat. c) a slow onset of moderate pain. d) immediate and severe chest pain.
d) immediate and severe chest pain.
Absorption occurs when a poison enters the body through: a) the mouth or nose and is absorbed by the respiratory system. b) the mouth and is absorbed by the digestive system. c) an opening in the skin and spreads through the circulatory system. d) intact skin and spreads through the circulatory system.
d) intact skin and spreads through the circulatory system.
Skills commonly performed by the EMR include all of the following, except: a) splinting fractures b) treating shock c) hemorrhage control d) intravenous therapy
d) intravenous therapy
When responding to a situation involving domestic violence, you should: a) gain access to the patient as soon as possible in case he or she has life-threatening injuries. b) avoid the use of lights and siren while en route to the scene because this may aggravate the situation. c) not enter the scene until an EMT or paramedic has done so and deemed the scene to be safe. d) maintain safety for yourself and the patient and be able to perform effective assessment and treatment.
d) maintain safety for yourself and the patient and be able to perform effective assessment and treatment.
Air normally enters the body through the a) mouth and trachea b) trachea and nasopharynx. c) oropharynx and trachea. d) nasopharynx and oropharynx.
d) nasopharynx and oropharynx
You enter the residence of an unconscious 30-year-old man. As you are approaching the patient, who is lying motionless on the floor, you should: a) conclude that the patient is suffering from a severe illness. b) advise your partner that the patient appears to be deceased. c) rule out a traumatic injury because the patient is inside. d) note the patient's position and any unusual odors or sounds.
d) note the patient's position and any unusual odors or sounds.
The purpose of the jaw-thrust maneuver is to: a) open the airway of an unconscious uninjured patient. b) keep the airway clear of foreign bodies or secretions. c) maintain the airway of a conscious patient who was injured. d) open a patient's airway without manipulating the neck
d) open a patient's airway without manipulating the neck
Guidelines for effective radio communication include all of the following, except: a) holding the microphone 2" to 3" from your mouth. b) avoiding words that are difficult to hear, such as "yes" and "no." c) reducing background noise as much as you possibly can. d) pausing every 60 seconds and saying, "Do you copy?"
d) pausing every 60 seconds and saying, "Do you copy?"
Carbon monoxide negatively affects the body by: a) inducing violent vomiting and causing aspiration. b) causing blood to back up into the tissue of the lungs. c) destroying a large number of circulating white blood cells. d) preventing red blood cells from carrying oxygen.
d) preventing red blood cells from carrying oxygen.
If a patient is actively seizing, your treatment should focus on: a) restraining the patient. b) terminating the seizure. c) determining the cause of the seizure. d) protecting the patient from injury.
d) protecting the patient from injury.
The main purpose of the respiratory system is to: a) convert oxygen to carbon dioxide during the process of metabolism. b) ensure that the body receives a constant supply of carbon dioxide. c) deliver oxygenated blood to all of the tissues and organs in the body. d) provide oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the red blood cells.
d) provide oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the red blood cells.
While assisting paramedics in the attempted resuscitation of a 60-year-old woman in cardiac arrest, the senior paramedic determines that the patient is dead after exhausting all efforts. When you attempt to comfort the patient's husband, he becomes verbally abusive and tells you that you should have been able to save his wife's life. You should: a) include the husband's comments in your patient care report. b) ask the senior paramedic if he or she did everything possible. c) reassure the husband that his wife's death is not your fault. d) realize that the man's behavior is not a personal attack on you.
d) realize that the man's behavior is not a personal attack on you.
The term "restatement" is defined as: a) asking a person a question and then asking him or her to rephrase it and repeat it back to you. b) repeating a person's words and thoughts word for word back to the person. c) asking a person a question and having him or her repeat your question back to you. d) rephrasing a person's words and thoughts and repeating them back to the person.
d) rephrasing a person's words and thoughts and repeating them back to the person.
You arrive at a water treatment plant for a 30-year-old man who is having difficulty breathing. As you get out of your vehicle and approach the building, you notice several workers who are having trouble breathing and coughing violently. One of the workers tells you that the patient, who is now unconscious, is still in the building. You should: a) wear a mask and safety goggles and quickly remove the patient. b) ask a water plant worker to retrieve the patient from the building. c) presume the patient to be dead and initiate treatment of the workers. d) request fire personnel with specialized gear to remove the patient.
d) request fire personnel with specialized gear to remove the patient.
A 33-year-old woman has a possible broken left ankle. She is in significant pain but is conscious and otherwise stable. This patient: a) should be rapidly transported to the closet hospital b) may deteriorate and requires prompt transport c) does not require transport to the hospital d) requires transport but without lights and sirens
d) requires transport but without lights and sirens
The lungs are protected by the _________ at the front and by the _________ at the sides and back. a) diaphragm, sternum b) rib cage, diaphragm c) sternum, diaphragm d) sternum, rib cage
d) sternum, rib cage
A poison is most accurately defined as a: a) substance that requires large quantities to be fatal. b) toxic chemical that is injected directly into a large vein. c) chemical that causes severe illness only when it is ingested. d) substance that can cause death in relatively small quantities.
d) substance that can cause death in relatively small quantities.
When assessing a patient's mental status, it is most important to consider: a) that an altered mental status is most often the result of a severe head injury. b) that confused patients are typically alert and oriented to person, place, and time. c) that all patients with an altered mental status will require rescue breathing. d) the patient's initial level of consciousness and any changes that may have occurred.
d) the patient's initial level of consciousness and any changes that may have occurred.
Which of the following statements is correct? a) the head is inferior to the neck b) the ears are medial to the eyes c) the knee is proximal to the thigh d) the wrist is distal to the elbow
d) the wrist is distal to the elbow
With regard to lifting and moving, good body mechanics includes: a) lifting with the strong musculature of your back. b) twisting your body slightly when lifting. c) keeping your feet no less than 3′ (1 m) apart. d) using your legs and not your back when lifting.
d) using your legs and not your back when lifting.
You are the first medically trained person to arrive at the scene of an ill person. You find the patient, a 350-pound man, sitting in a small bathroom. The patient tells you that he is extremely weak and is unable to walk. You should: a) carefully lift the patient and move him to a more open area. b) apply a cervical collar and position the patient on his left side. c) use the one-person walking assist technique to move the patient. d) wait for additional rescuers to arrive before trying to move him.
d) wait for additional rescuers to arrive before trying to move him.
The principle of implied consent assumes that an unconscious patient: a) has a life-threating condition b) has a living will on file c) is at least 18 years of age d) would wish to receive treatment
d) would wish to receive treatment
In general, you should never change or alter a patient care report, unless: a) a paramedic or licensed physician orders you to do so. b) law enforcement personnel need the report for legal reasons. c) the patient's condition deteriorated after a paramedic assumed care. d) you need to correct an error to ensure that the information is accurate.
d) you need to correct an error to ensure that the information is accurate.