Chapters 11, 12 & 13 Analysis of Variance ANOVA Quiz 9.2

The number of independent variables that can be handled by a repeated-measures-ANOVA is 1 2 3 many

1

Drug A increases heart rate by eight beats per minute on the average. Drug B increases heart rate by 16 beats per minute on the average. Suppose both drugs were administered simultaneously. Which of the following changes in heart rate is not an illustration of an interaction? +24 +16 +8 -8

+24

For a one way ANOVA, an effect size (d) that qualifies as small is 0.05 0.50 0.80 none of the other alternatives are correct

0.05

In a 4 x 5 factorial design with nine participants per cell, the df for the interaction F would be 9, 180 12, 180 12, 160 20, 179

12, 160

A 3 x 5 factorial ANOVA has blank independent variables. 1 2 3 5

2

In a 2 x 3 factorial design with five participants per cell, the df for the interaction F would be 1, 28 2, 24 6, 30 4, 20

2, 24

In a factorial experiment, the sum of squares of A plus the sum of squares of B plus the sum of squares of AB is equal to SSto SScells SSerro none of the other alternatives are correct

SScells

For a one-way ANOVA, an effect size index (f) that is considered large is 0.50 1.00 1.50 all of the descriptive alternatives are correct none of the descriptive alternatives are correct

all of the descriptive alternatives are correct

The F distribution is: symmetrical normal positively skewed negatively skewed

positively skewed

A disadvantage of a repeated-measures ANOVA is that it isn't as powerful as other ANOVAs you cannot conduct Tukey HSD tests you cannot test the significance of the between-subjects variance all of the other alternatives are correct

you cannot test the significance of the between-subjects variance

When a seam is backstitched it is stronger (it can stand an additional 10 pounds of pull). If the stitches are closer together (say setting 1 rather than setting 3), the stitch will stand an additional 6 pounds of pull. Suppose a sewer used close stitches and backstitched. Which of the following additional pounds of pull would indicate no interaction between the two techniques? 16 10 6 4

16

In a 4 x 4 factorial design with five subjects per cell, the df for the interaction F would be 3, 70 df 6, 64 df 9, 64 df none of the other alternatives are correct

3, 70 df

Males and females were compared for the mean number of smiles during a five-minute interview. The 30 males' mean was 3.62 and the 24 females' mean was 5.04. An a level of .05 was adopted and an F = 4.02 was obtained. What conclusion is appropriate? The null hypothesis should be retained. Females smile more than males. Males smile more than females. The null hypothesis should be rejected.

The null hypothesis should be retained.

The techniques of Chapter 11 are not appropriate if the data come from: a paired-samples design populations that do not have the same mean both of the descriptive alternatives are correct neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct

a paired-samples design

If you clean the fuel injectors of a particular car, it increases the miles per gallon by two. Letting a driver skilled at increasing mpg take the car around the course increases mpg by four. Suppose the injectors were cleaned and a skilled driver drove the car. Which outcome below represents the one in which there is no interaction between the two variables? increase six mpg increase four mpg or two mpg increase two mpg decrease by two mpg

increase six mpg

Which of the following expresses a significant interaction? -paint alone will seal the wood 10 years; primer by itself seals for 5 years; together they last 15 years -paint alone will seal the wood 5 years; primer by itself seals for 5 years; together they last 10 years -paint alone will seal the wood 10 years; primer by itself seals 2 years; together they last 15 years -all of the other alternatives are correct

paint alone will seal the wood 10 years; primer by itself seals 2 years; together they last 15 years

Suppose the cell means for a factorial ANOVA are presented as a line graph. Which of the following would indicate there was no significant interaction? crossed lines lines that look like a greater-than sign an upside down V above a V parallel lines

parallel lines

"Assumptions of the analysis of variance" deals with: -whether the different levels of the independent variable produce sets of scores that are about equally variable -the form of the distribution of the dependent variable Correct! -both of the descriptive alternatives are correct -neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct

-both of the descriptive alternatives are correct Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is an inferential technique used to compare two or more group means using variances rather than means in the calculations.

For a one-way ANOVA, an effect size index (f) that qualifies as large is 0.20 0.40 both of the descriptive alternatives are correct neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct

0.40

For a one way ANOVA, which of the following is a medium effect size index, d? 0.05 0.50 0.95 1.0 to 2.0

0.50

The F value obtained from the data is 3.75 based on 2 and 14 degrees of freedom. You should blank the null hypothesis if a = .05, even though you might be making a blank error. reject; Type I reject; Type II retain; Type I retain; Type II

reject; Type I

A repeated-measures ANOVA with three subjects who provide data in six conditions would have what critical value of F (a = .05)? 2.81 4.10 3.33 none of the other alternatives are correct

3.33

What is the critical value of F (for a = .05) for a repeated-measures ANOVA that has three subjects who provide data in four conditions? 4.76 5.14 3.59 none of the other alternatives are correct

4.76

post hoc tests are to a priori tests as examining data and deciding on tests is to deciding on tests before the data are examined checking the data analysis for errors is to doing the initial analysis obtaining statistical significance is to not obtaining statistical significance all of the descriptive alternatives are correct

examining data and deciding on tests is to deciding on tests before the data are examined

Variance is just another word for sum of squares mean square standard deviation nothing left to lose

mean square

The term main effect refers to a comparison of means interactions both means and interactions neither means nor interactions

means

The F value obtained from the data is 3.45 based on 3 and 12 degrees of freedom. You should blank the null hypothesis if a = .05, even though you might be making a blank error. reject; Type I reject; Type II retain; Type I retain; Type II

retain; Type II

In testing for a main effect using a factorial ANOVA, the null hypothesis is that the populations from which the samples were drawn are identical have equal variances are normally distributed all of the other alternatives are correct

are identical

Which of the descriptions that follow might lead you to choose a statistical test other than a repeated-measures ANOVA? -the populations the samples are from are severely skewed -there are carry-over effects from one administration of the independent variable to the next -both of the descriptive alternatives are correct -neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct

both of the descriptive alternatives are correct

The ANOVA techniques described in Chapter 11 cannot be used to analyze an experiment with two levels of the independent variable three levels of the independent variable paired samples designs independent samples designs

paired samples designs

An F value obtained from the data is 3.45 based on 2 and 20 degrees of freedom. You should blank the null hypothesis if a = .05, even though you might be making a blank error. reject; Type I reject; Type II retain; Type I retain; Type II

retain; Type II

SStot is equal to SScells + SSA + SSB + SSerror SSerror + SSA + SSB + SSAB SSA + SSB + SSAB SSA + SSB + SSerror

SSerror + SSA + SSB + SSAB

The F value obtained from the data is 3.05 based on 4 and 14 degrees of freedom. Alpha = .05. With such results it is possible to make a blank error. Type I Type II both of the descriptive alternatives are correct neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct

Type II

The null hypothesis tested by the analysis of variance is that all sample statistics (means) are the same one or more samples come from a different population one or more samples come from a significantly different population all population means are the same

all population means are the same

A repeated-measures ANOVA removes blank variance from further consideration. between treatments between subjects error all of the other alternatives are correct

between treatments

A group of 52 participants was divided equally into 4 groups. A Tukey HSD produced a value that led to the conclusion that Mean 1 was significantly larger than Mean 2, p < .05. Which of the following situations would lead to such a conclusion? x̅1= 10.9, x̅2= 6.1, MSerror = 20 x̅1= 152, x̅2= 140; MSerror = 130 Correct! both of the descriptive alternatives are correct neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct

both of the descriptive alternatives are correct

For a one-way ANOVA, an effect size index (f) that is considered small is .05 .10 both of the descriptive alternatives are correct neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct

both of the descriptive alternatives are correct

Which of the following is (are) an assumption of ANOVA? -the form of the distribution of each population from which samples are drawn is normal -the samples come from populations that have equal variances -both of the descriptive alternatives are correct -neither of the descriptive alternatives are correct

both of the descriptive alternatives are correct

In the Cub Scouts, the Pinewood Derby is a big event. Little boys, with a bit of help from their daddies, carve a 6-inch race car and attach wheels. Several cars race down an incline and a winner is declared. Sometimes the winner even gets his picture in the paper. Daddies often know of ways to increase the speed of the car. Smoothing the axle with emery cloth (a kind of sandpaper for metal) will reduce the race time one second. Putting graphite (a lubricant) on the axle will reduce the race time three seconds. Suppose some ingenious daddy did both to his son's car. Which change in that car's race time is not indicative of an interaction between emery cloth and graphite? decrease 4 seconds decrease 0 seconds decrease 10 seconds increase 2 seconds

decrease 4 seconds

When the cell means from a factorial design are presented as a line graph, a significant interaction would be suspected if the lines crossed converged either crossed or converged neither crossed nor converged

either crossed or converged

Which of the following designs have two factors? t tests one way ANOVAs factorial ANOVAs all of the other alternatives are correct

factorial ANOVAs

a priori and post hoc are terms that refer to whether the null hypothesis should be rejected whether the assumptions of ANOVA have been met kinds of tests used after an ANOVA all of the descriptive alternatives are correct

kinds of tests used after an ANOVA

Suppose the cell means for a factorial ANOVA are presented as a line graph. Which of the following would indicate there was no significant interaction? crossed lines converging lines both crossed lines and converging lines neither crossed lines nor converging lines

neither crossed lines nor converging lines

a priori and post hoc are terms that refer to whether the null hypothesis should be rejected whether the null hypothesis should be retained both of the descriptive alternatives are correct neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct

neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct

Consider a factorial ANOVA that analyzes self-esteem scores. Three different ages participate: 20 year-olds, 40 year-olds, and 60 year-olds. In addition, each age group is divided into those who have above a median income and those who have below a median income. The researchers concluded that the differences in self-esteem scores of the different age groups did not depend on a person's income. The summary table for the factorial ANOVA would certainly show that there was no main effect for age no main effect for income no interaction all of the other alternatives are correct

no interaction

For a one-way ANOVA, which of the following is considered a small effect size index, f? any negative number any negative number that is close to zero numbers that are close to 1.00 none of the descriptive alternatives are correct

none of the descriptive alternatives are correct

The F distribution, as a theoretical distribution, is symmetrical is a mirror image of the normal distribution has a range of values that starts with 1.00 and increases none of the descriptive alternatives are correct

none of the descriptive alternatives are correct

In a 3 x 6 factorial ANOVA with four participants per cell, the df for the interaction F is 1, 71 10, 71 18, 72 none of the other alternatives are correct

none of the other alternatives are correct

Which of the alternatives below describes a situation for which ANOVA would not be appropriate? the three population means are different the three population variances are very large one population variance is large, one small all of the descriptive alternatives are correct

one population variance is large, one small

1.5 / 1.5 pts If an ANOVA with four samples produces a significant F, you can find out which samples are significantly different from the others by performing several independent-samples t tests performing HSD tests finding the effect size index neither performing several independent-samples t tests nor performing HSD tests is satisfactory

performing HSD tests

When the F value in the F table is smaller than the F value calculated from the data reject the null hypothesis retain the null hypothesis reject or retain the null hypothesis, depending on how far apart the group means are reject or retain the null hypothesis, depending on the number of groups

reject the null hypothesis

If the F value obtained from the table is larger than the F value obtained from the data, you should reject the null hypothesis retain the null hypothesis either of the descriptive alternatives, depending on the size of the obtained F either of the descriptive alternatives, depending on the df

retain the null hypothesis

The ANOVA technique as described in Chapter 11 cannot be used when: -the number of scores in each group is unequal -subjects are randomly assigned to one of the groups before the independent variable is administered -samples are drawn from populations that have equal variances -subjects participate in every level of the independent variable

subjects participate in every level of the independent variable

A disadvantage of a repeated-measures ANOVA described in your text is that you cannot make pairwise tests after the F test test the significance of the between-subjects term test more than three levels of the independent variable all of the other alternatives are correct

test the significance of the between-subjects term Repeated measures and independent measures differ based on the relationship between the group means. Repeated measures produce group means that are dependent, or systematically related, group means. Independent measures produce group means that are independent, or not systematically related, group means.

If the null hypothesis is false, blank will be a good estimate of the population variance. the error mean square the treatment mean square both of the descriptive alternatives are correct neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct

the error mean square

Which of the following is true for factorial ANOVA but not true for one-way ANOVA? -the populations from which the samples were drawn are expected to have equal variances -the subjects are randomly assigned -the populations are normally distributed -the number of observations in each treatment must be equal

the number of observations in each treatment must be equal Factorial design is a design with two or more independent variables. Factor is an independent variable. Cell is a group of scores that receive the same combination of levels of the independent variables. Main effect is the differences that may exist between the levels of one independent variable. Interaction is when the effect of one independent variable depends on the level of another independent variable.

Consider a factorial ANOVA in which the dependent variable is reaction time scores. Three different drugs are tested on both females and males. The researchers concluded that the effect of a drug did not depend on whether the person taking it was a female or male. The factorial ANOVA would certainly show that there is no main effect for drug there is no main effect for gender there is no interaction all of the other alternatives are correct

there is no interaction

A group of 72 participants was equally divided into four groups. A Tukey HSD test produced a value that led to the conclusion that Mean 1 was significantly larger than Mean 2, p < .05. Which of the following situations would lead to such a conclusion? Correct! x̅1 = 7, x̅2 = 0, MSerror = 80 x̅1 = 24, x̅2 = 13, MSerror = 180 both of the descriptive alternatives are correct neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct

x̅1 = 7, x̅2 = 0, MSerror = 80 Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test is used to identify what the specific significant differences are between pairs of group means. The formulae for Tukey's HSD are on page 251 in your text.

For a one way ANOVA, effect size indexes (d) that qualifies as large are 0.80 to 0.90 0.95 to 0.99 above 1.96 all of the descriptive alternatives are correct

-all of the descriptive alternatives are correct The effect size in ANOVA is calculated by using either d or f effect size indexes. The formulae for d and f are on page 255 in your text.

For a one way ANOVA, an effect size (d) that qualifies as large is 0.05 0.20 0.80 all of the other alternatives are correct

0.80 The effect size in ANOVA is calculated by using either d or f effect size indexes. The formulae for d and f are on page 255 in your text.

In a 5 x 6 factorial design with four observations per cell, the df for the interaction F would be 30, 119 30, 90 20, 119 20, 90

20, 90

The null hypothesis in an ANOVA problem is that all the groups are drawn from the same population none of the groups were drawn from the same population one or more of the groups was drawn from a different population any of the other alternatives, depending on how many levels of the independent variable there are

all the groups are drawn from the same population

The advantages listed by your text for a repeated-measures ANOVA were accuracy and elegance precision and adaptability efficiency and power simplicity and congruence

efficiency and power

Your text said that the advantages of a repeated-measures ANOVA were accuracy and elegance precision and adaptability efficiency and power all of the other alternatives are correct

efficiency and power

1.5 / 1.5 pts a priori tests are to post hoc tests as a significant F is to an insignificant F an insignificant F is to a significant F spur of the moment is to premeditated premeditated is to spur of the moment

premeditated is to spur of the moment

In a 6 x 7 factorial design with three observations per cell, the df for the interaction F would be 42, 125 42, 60 30, 125 30, 84

30, 84

A repeated-measures ANOVA with four subjects who provide data in three conditions would have what critical value of F (a = .05)? 4.76 5.14 3.98 none of the other alternatives are correct

5.14

In a 3 x 4 factorial design with five participants per cell, the df for the interaction F would be 2, 48 3, 48 5, 48 6, 48

6, 48 Two-way, between subjects ANOVA is used to compare two or more, independent groups along two independent variables. The formulae for two-way, between subjects ANOVA are on pages 285 to 290 in your text.

Parents learn tricks that are helpful in raising children and in preserving the sanity of all concerned. When a baby is crying, just changing diapers will stop crying 25 percent of the time. Picking the baby up and walking stops crying 40 percent of the time. Suppose a (desperate?) parent did both. Which outcome (percent) would indicate that the effect of the two tricks is independent, that they do not interact? 25 40 65 75

65 Main effects are the differences that may exist between the levels of one independent variable. In a factorial design, there will be at least two possible main effects. Interaction is when the effect of one independent variable depends on the level of another independent variable. In a factorial design, there will be at least one possible interaction.

The larger the population variance, the larger blank is. F df MSerror all of the descriptive alternatives are correct

MSerror -One-way, between subjects ANOVA is used to compare two or more, independent groups along a single independent variable. The formulae for one-way, between subjects ANOVA are on pages 242 to 246 in your text.

Which symbol below will most quickly tell you the number of levels of the independent variable? N K F SS

K

When the null hypothesis is false, which of the following is a good estimate of the population variance? MStreat MSerror both of the descriptive alternatives are correct neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct

MSerror

An F value obtained from the data is 3.65 based on 2 and 18 degrees of freedom. Alpha = .05. With such results it is possible to make a blank error. Type I Type II both of the descriptive alternatives are correct neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct

Type I One-way, repeated measures ANOVA is used to compare two or more, dependent groups along a single independent variable. The formulae for one-way, repeated measures ANOVA are on pages 263 to 265 in your text.

"Do you know now, before any data are gathered, what pairwise comparisons you want to make? If the answer is yes, and the number is few, we go in one direction; if the answer is no, or `all of them', then we go in another direction." This is a discussion about independent or related samples designs assumptions of ANOVA the null hypothesis and the alternate hypothesis a priori and post hoc tests

a priori and post hoc tests

When statisticians talk about effect size, they are referring to the p value obtained from a test such as a F test the size of the differences among the means of the populations the samples are from whether an a level of .05 or .01 was used whether or not the test statistic was in the rejection region

the size of the differences among the means of the populations the samples are from

When statisticians talk about effect size, they are referring to the probability of a Type II error whether the significance level was large or small whether the a level was large or small the size of the differences among the means of the populations the samples are from

the size of the differences among the means of the populations the samples are from

Which of the descriptions that follow might lead you to choose a statistical test other than a repeated-measures ANOVA? -the population means are quite different -there are carry-over effects from one administration of the independent variable to the next -both of the descriptive alternatives are correct -neither of the descriptive alternatives is correct

there are carry-over effects from one administration of the independent variable to the next

If you add the number of independent variables and dependent variables in a 2 x 2 factorial ANOVA, the sum is one two three four

three