Chapters 14 and 21

Chiaroscurro

In drawing or painting, the treatment and use of light and dark, especially the gradations of light that produce the effect of modeling​

Humanism

In the Renaissance, an emphasis on education and on expanding knowledge (especially of classical antiquity), the exploration of individual potential and a desire to excel, and a commitment to civic responsibility and moral duty

In Masaccio's Trinity, he embodies two principal Renaissance interests. One is realism based on observation. Which of the following is the other?

It is the application of mathematics to pictorial organization of perspective.

Di soto in su

Italian, "from below upward." A perspective view seen from below

Donatello, David

Italy. Casted bronze.

Giotto, Lamentation

Italy. Fresco.

Mantegna, ceiling of the Camera Picta

Italy. Fresco.

Masaccio, Holy Trinity

Italy. Fresco.

Masaccio, Tribute Money

Italy. Fresco.

Brunelleschi, Sacrifice of Isaac

Italy. Gilded bronze.

Ghiberti, Sacrifice of Isaas

Italy. Gilded bronze.

Cimabue, Madona Enthroned with Angels and Prophets

Italy. Tempera and gold leaf on wood.

Giotto, Madonna Enthroned

Italy. Tempera and gold leaf on wood.

Botticelli, Birth of Venus

Italy. Tempera on canvas.

Which of the following was the most prominent patron of fifteenth-century Florentine art?

Medici family

Fresco

Painting on lime plaster either dry or wet. In the latter method, the pigments are mixed with water and become chemically bound to the freshly laid lime plaster

Medieval

Referring to the Middle Ages, period of time between the Classical period and the Renaissance

Giotto's Enthroned Madonna reflected the new trend toward naturalism and classical modeling of the figures. Which of the following describes this new trend?

The Virgin is solid and has mass

Vanishing Point

The appearance of a point on the horizon at which parallel lines converge

Contrapposto

The disposition of the human figure in which one part is turned in opposition to another part (usually hips and legs one way, shoulders and chest another), creating a counterpositioning of the body about its central axis. Sometimes called "weight shift" because the weight of the body tends to be thrown to one foot, creating tension on one side and relaxation on the other

Horizon Line

The distant point at which sky and ground appear to meet, located at eye level

Ghiberti's competitive panel for the Baptistery doors of the Florence Cathedral shows classical references that reflect influences of humanism. Which of the following is a classical reference seen on Ghiberti's panel?

The naked figure of Isaac

Illusionistic

The representation of the three-dimensional world on a two-dimensional surface in a matter that creates the illusion that the person, object, or place represented is three-dimensional

Naturalistic

The style of painted or sculpted representation based on close observation of the natural world that was at the core of the classical tradition

How did Masaccio create a sense of bulk for his figures in the Tribute Money?

Through modeling with a specific light source outside the picture

The development of linear perspective is generally credited to ____.

Brunelleschi

The word Renaissance means rebirth. Which of the following was a revived interest during this time?

Classical culture

Renaissance

French "rebirth." The term used to describe the history, culture, and art of the 14th- through 16th-century western Europe during which artists conciously ​revived the classical style

The fifteenth-century Italian artist whose work showed the most influence of the International style was ____.

Gentile da Fabriano

He restored the naturalistic approach to painting as practiced in Antiquity. He inaugurated a method of pictorial expression based on observation. He revealed nature and its visible order. This describes which of the following artists?

Giotto

Whose work is best characterized by the use of solid volumes resting firmly on the flat and horizontal surface of this earth?

Giotto

In Masaccio's Trinity there is a coffered barrel-vault reminiscent of which of the following?

A Roman triumphal arch

In 1401 an important competition was held to determine the design of the Baptistery doors for the Cathedral of Florence. Even at this early date, Renaissance traits were evident. Which of the following is one of those traits?

A new pictoral illusionism

Tempera Paint

A technique of painting using pigment mixed with egg yolk, glue, or casein

Which of the following architects wrote influential treatises on painting and architecture?

Alberti

Linear Perspective

All parallel lines converge on one, two, or three vanishing points located with reference to the eye level of the viewer (the horizon line of the picture), and associated objects are rendered smaller the farther from the viewer they are intended to seem

In Masaccio's Trinity, the vanishing point can be found at which of the following?

At the foot of the cross

The Classical principle of contrapposto, or weight shift, was reintroduced into Western art by the sculptor ____.

Donatello

Which Italian city played the most important role in the development of Renaissance ideas and art forms in the early fifteenth century?

Florence

Trompe l'oeil

French "fools the eye." A form of illusionistic painting that aims to deceive viewers into believing that they are seeing real objects rather than a representation of those objects