Chapters 34 and 35
Which of the following was not among the qualities of the American participation in World War II?
A higher percentage of military casualties than any other Allied nation
Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) fall of France, (B) Atlantic Conference, and (C) Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union.
A, C, B
Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) Munich Conference, (B) German invasion of Poland, and (C) Hitler-Stalin nonaggression treaty.
A, C, B
Match each of the wartime agencies below with its correct function
A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
Americans' fervent isolationism in the 1930s can best be attributed to
All of these
Arrange these wartime conferences in chronological order: (A) Potsdam, (B) Casablanca, and (C) Teheran.
B, C, A
In September 1938 in Munich, Germany,
Britain and France consented to Germany's taking the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia.
After the Greer was fired upon, the Kearny crippled, and the Reuben James sunk
Congress allowed the arming of United States merchant vessels.
Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) V-J Day, (B) V-E Day, (C) D Day, and (D) Invasion of Italy.
D, C, B, A
The cross-channel invasion of Normandy to open a second front in Europe was commanded by General
Dwight Eisenhower.
Fascist aggression in the 1930s included Mussolini's invasion of ____, Hitler's invasion of ____, and Franco's overthrow of the republican government of ____.
Ethiopia; Czechoslovakia; Spain
Which of the following nations was not conquered by Hitler's Germany between September 1939 and June 1940?
Finland
America's attempt to remain neutral in the war between the Axis powers and the Allies came to an end when
France fell to Germany.
One of the few successful wartime American efforts to save Jews from perishing in the Holocaust came when
Franklin Roosevelt's War Refugee Board helped some Hungarian Jews escape.
After the Italian surrender in August 1943, the
German army poured into Italy and stalled the Allied advance.
Shortly after Adolf Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union
Germany invaded Poland and started World War II.
The American conquest of ____ in 1944 was especially critical, because from there, U.S. aircraft could conduct round-trip bombing raids on the Japanese home islands.
Guam
The tide of Japanese conquest in the Pacific was turned following the Battle of
Midway.
The policy of appeasing the Fascist dictators reached its low point in 1938, when Britain and France sold out Czechoslovakia to Hitler in the conference at
Munich.
The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 came as a great surprise because
President Roosevelt suspected that if an attack came, it would be in Malaysia or the Philippines.
The most significant development in the Democratic convention of 1944 was that
Roosevelt's third-term vice president, Henry Wallace, was dumped in favor of Senator Harry Truman.
America's neutrality policy during the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 did nothing to prevent
Spain from becoming a fascist dictatorship after Franco's victory.
Hitler's advance in the European theater of war crested in late 1942 at the Battle of ____, after which his fortunes gradually declined.
Stalingrad
While most American workers were strongly committed to the war effort, wartime production was disrupted by strikes led by the
United Mine Workers.
The surprise Republican presidential nominee in 1940 was
Wendell L. Willkie.
The national debt increased most during
World War II.
The immediate response of most Americans to the rise of the fascist dictators Mussolini and Hitler was
a deeper commitment to remain isolated from European problems
When the United States entered World War II in December 1941
a majority of Americans had no clear idea of what the war was about.
Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America included
a renunciation of American intervention in Mexico or elsewhere in the region.
Franklin Roosevelt's sensational Quarantine Speech in 1937 resulted in
a wave of protest by isolationists.
During the 1930s, the United States admitted ____ Jewish refugees from Nazism.
about 150,000
The era of informal polling techniques came to an end and was replaced by more scientifically based systems
after a magazine in 1936 mistakenly predicted Alf Landon the winner over FDR.
The unconditional surrender policy toward Japan was finally modified by
agreeing to let the Japanese keep Emperor Hirohito on the throne.
The cash-and-carry Neutrality Act of 1939 was cleverly designed to
aid Britain and France by letting them buy supplies and munitions in the United States without involving American loans or ships.
The 1941 lend-lease program was all of the following except
another privately arranged executive deal, like the destroyers-for-bases trade.
Franklin Roosevelt undermined the London Economic Conference because
any agreement to stabilize national currencies might hurt America's recovery from depression.
One of the most valuable contributions of Native Americans to the war effort was
as code talkers who transmitted war messages into their native languages.
In 1940, Republican presidential candidate Wendell Willkie avoided deepening the sharp divisions among the American people when he
avoided attacking Roosevelt for his increasingly interventionist policies.
Passage of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 by the United States resulted in all of the following except
balancing the scales between dictators and U.S. allies by trading with neither.
Franklin Roosevelt was motivated to run for a third term in 1940 mainly by his
belief that America needed his experienced leadership during the international crisis.c.mania for power.
Most of the money raised to finance World War II came through
borrowing.
The fundamental strategic decision of World War II made by President Roosevelt and the British at the very beginning of the war was to
concentrate first on the war in Europe and to place the Pacific war against Japan on the back burner.
The effect of the strict American arms embargo during the civil war between the Loyalist Spanish government and Franco's fascist rebels was to
cripple the democratic Loyalist government while the Italians and Germans armed Franco.
The real impact of the Italian front on World War II may have been that it
delayed the D-Day invasion and allowed the Soviet Union to advance further into Eastern Europe.
In 1940, in exchange for American destroyers, the British gave the United States
eight valuable naval bases in the Western hemisphere.
From 1925 to 1940, the transition of American policy on arms sales to warring nations followed this sequence
embargo to cash-and-carry to lend-lease.
The twin events that precipitated a clear change in American foreign policy from neutrality to active, though nonbelligerent, support of the Allied cause were the
fall of France and the Battle of Britain.
About half of the women war workers said that the main reason they left the labor force at the end of World War II was
family obligations.
Despite the demands of the wartime economy, inflation was kept well in check during the war by
federally imposed wage and price controls.
African Americans did all of the following during World War II except
fight in integrated combat units.
By the mid-1930s, there was strong nationwide agitation for a constitutional amendment to
forbid a declaration of war by Congress unless first approved by a popular referendum.
Historians look to the fact that many women wanted to keep work and did after the war as
foreshadowing the eventual revolution in women's roles in America.
Roosevelt's and Churchill's insistence on the absolute and "unconditional surrender" of Germany
guaranteed that Germany would have to be totally reconstructed after the war.
Franklin Roosevelt embarked on the Good Neighbor policy in part because
he was eager to enlist Latin American allies to defend the Western Hemisphere against dictators.
Roosevelt's recognition of the Soviet Union was undertaken partly
in hope of developing a diplomatic counterweight to the rising power of Japan and Germany.
The 1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
increased America's foreign trade.
In waging war against Japan, the United States relied mainly on a strategy of
island hopping across the South Pacific while bypassing Japanese strongholds.
The Potsdam conference
issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or be destroyed.
Those opposed to the Lend-Lease program, such as members of Massachusetts' Woman's Political Club, feared that
it would eventually draw the nation into the war itself.
President Franklin Roosevelt's foreign-trade policy
lowered tariffs to increase trade.
When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the United States
made lend-lease aid available to the Soviets.
The northward migration of African Americans accelerated after World War II because
mechanical cotton pickers came into use.
During World War II, American Indians
moved off reservations in large numbers.
In sharp contrast to World War I, during World War II, the United States was
nearly unanimous in support of the war.
The Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 essentially required that
no Americans sail on belligerent ships, sell munitions, or make loans to nations at war.
By the end of World War II, the heart of the United States' African American community had shifted to
northern and western cities.
Congress's first response to the unexpected fall of France in 1940 was to
pass a conscription law.
At the wartime Teheran Conference
plans were made for the opening of a second front in Europe.
During World War II, most Americans economically experienced
prosperity and a doubling of personal income.
President Roosevelt's promise to the Soviets to open a second front in Western Europe by the end of 1942
proved utterly impossible to keep.
By 1940, a strong majority of American public opinion had come to favor
providing Britain with "all aid short of war."
Americans reacted to Franco's efforts to stage a coup in Spain by
recruiting thousands of men and women as volunteers to fight Franco in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.
As part of his Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, President Roosevelt developed more generous policies of
removing American controls on Haiti, Cuba, and Panama.
Efforts to bring large numbers of Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany to the United States were largely blocked by
restrictive immigration laws and opposition from southern Democrats and the State Department.
Once at war, America's first great challenge was to
retool its industry for all-out war production.
Throughout most of the 1930s, the American people responded to the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan by
retreating further into isolationism.
During World War II, the United States government commissioned the production of synthetic ____ in order to offset the loss of access to prewar supplies in East Asia.
rubber
In a sense, Franklin Roosevelt was the "forgotten man" at the Democratic Convention in 1944 because
so much attention was focused on who would gain the vice presidency.
On the eve of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, a large majority of Americans
still wanted to keep the United States out of war.
Until spring 1943, perhaps Hitler's greatest opportunities of defeating Britain and winning the war was
that German U-boat would destroy Allied shipping.
Hitler's last-ditch attempt to achieve a victory against the Americans and British came in
the Battle of the Bulge.
The Allies postponed opening a second front in Europe until 1944 because
the British were fearful of becoming bogged down in a ground war in France.
The first naval battle in history in which all the fighting was done by carrier-based aircraft was the Battle of
the Coral Sea.
The spending of enormous sums on the original atomic bomb project was spurred by the belief that
the Germans might acquire such a weapon first.
Seeking to withdraw from overseas commitments and colonial expense, the United States, in 1934, promised future independence to
the Philippines.
The net effect of most of Franklin Roosevelt's early foreign policy moves was that
the United States was giving up ambitions to be a world power and concentrating on the Western hemisphere.
The destroyers-for-bases deal of 1940 provided that
the United States would give Britain fifty American destroyers in exchange for eight British bases in North America.
The employment of more than six million women in American industry during World War II led to
the establishment of day-care centers by the government.
The event that shook Americans to the core and moved them to make an enormous effort against Hitler's aggression in Europe was
the fall of France.
One internationalist action by Franklin D. Roosevelt in his first term in office was
the formal recognition of the Soviet Union.
The greatest consequence of World War II for American race relations was
the massive migration of African Americans from the rural South to northern and western cities.
The major consequence of the Allied conquest of Sicily in August 1943 was
the overthrow of Mussolini and Italy's unconditional surrender.
In promising to grant the Philippines independence, the United States was motivated by
the realization that the islands were economic liabilities.
As a result of Franklin Roosevelt's withdrawal from the London Economic Conference
the trend toward extreme nationalism was strengthened.
Franklin Roosevelt won the election in 1944 primarily because
the war was going well.
Roosevelt torpedoed the international London Economic Conference of 1933 because he
wanted to concentrate primarily on the recovery of the American domestic economy.
Overall, most ethnic groups in the United States during World War II
were further assimilated into American society.
The impact of World War II on many of the New Deal programs launched during the Great Depression was that they
were retired due to wartime production.
By 1941, Japan believed that it had no alternative to war with the United States because Franklin Roosevelt absolutely insisted that Japan
withdraw from China.
As a result of the Battle of Leyte Gulf
Japan was finished as a naval power.