Chapters 9 & 10

In the first half of the nineteenth century, American manufacturers' main advantage over the British mills was that they had access to which of the following?

More natural resources

Which American principle played a critical role in advancing technology in the early days of the American Industrial Revolution?

American ingenuity

Which of these factors was the critical stimulus for the growth of domestic American markets in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Better transportation networks

Which of these did elite Americans embrace after the Industrial Revolution in order to set themselves apart from other groups of Americans?

Conspicuous displays of their wealth through clothing and housing

In 1835, Alexis de Tocqueville wrote, "It is a constant fact that at the present day the ablest men in the United States are rarely placed at the head of affairs." To what did he attribute this phenomenon?

Democracy

Which of the following describes German immigrants who settled in the United States during the 1840s and 1850s?

Germans were the second largest immigrant group and many settled in the midwestern states

How did Andrew Jackson respond to South Carolina's claimed right of nullification in 1832?

He asked Congress for a Force Bill authorizing him to use the military to suppress any act of nullification

Which of the following characterizes patterns of immigration into the United States during the 1840s and 1850s?

Mos of the Irish who arrived in the United States were poverty-stricken peasants

For which of the following reasons did New York's state government fund the building of the Erie Canal in 1817?

New Yorkers sought to link the Hudson River with the Great Lakes

Which of the following were the three key elements of Clay's American system?

Protective tariff, subsidized internal improvements, and the national bank

Which of the following replaced canals as the primary form of transportation in the United Sates in the nineteenth century?

Railroads

Politicians from modest backgrounds tended to support which of the following reforms in the 1810s?

Restrictions on imprisonment for debt

Who was the English immigrant who secretly brought the design of the most advanced British machinery for spinning cotton to America in 1789?

Samuel Slater

During the 1840s and 1850s, Roman Catholic churches in the United States were known for

providing community services and a sense of group identity for most Irish and many German immigrants

In the U.S. Supreme Court case of Worcester v. Georgia (1832), John Marshall and the Court majority issued a decision that

upheld Inian nations' political authority in their communities

Nativist fears were directed mostly at which of the following groups in early and mid-nineteenth-century America?

Irish immigrants

Which of the following describes the new industrial system that developed in early nineteenth-century America?

It brought workers together under one roof in a factory

The construction of the Erie Canal, the first great engineering project in American History, was successful for which of the following reasons?

It increased the speed of shipping and travel while greatly lowering its cost

Why did Congress approve funds for the construction of the National Road in 1806?

To link midwestern settlers to the seaboard states

Which of the following statements characterizes the emergence of the textile industry in the United States?

Using British textile machinery as their model, American textile producers built their own textile mills in New England and ultimately improved on British technology

Sequoyah developed which of the following to assimilate members of the Cherokee tribe into American life?

A perfected system of writing for the Cherokee language

On who did President Jackson rely for political advice?

An informal group called the Kitchen Cabinet

How did the federal government aid the growth of American industry in the first half of the nineteenth century?

By passing protective tariffs

In what way was the United States more democratic than anywhere else in the world during the first half of the nineteenth century?

Franchise system

The Trail of Tears was the first direct consequence of which of the following government actions?

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Who replaced the Lowell Mill workers when the refused in the 1830s to work until conditions improved?

Irish Immigrants

Which of the following arguments did President Jackson offer as a justification for destroying the Second Bank of the United States?

It was a monopoly that benefited only a few owners, some of whom were foreigners

Which of the following statements characterizes the Second Bank of the United States in the 1830s?

Its cautious monetary policy pleased bankers, creditors, and East Coast entrepreneurs, who funded economic development

Which of the following statements describes the American Waltham plan, which was later known as the Lowell system?

Its creators recruited farm girls and women to work in factories

Which of the following statements characterizes Andrew Jackson's intentions toward Native Americans during his presidency?

Jackson meant to remove all Native Americans east of the Mississippi, even those who had adapted to white society

"The South Carolina Exposition and Protest", written by John C. Calhoun, bore a similarity to the argument made by which of the following people?

Jefferson and Madison in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

The power of elected officials to grant government jobs to party members in return for their loyalty is known as which of the following systems?

Patronage

What aspect of early nineteenth-century American government had the founders condemned as contrary to republican ideals?

Political parties

By the 1830s, coal and metal manufacturers increasingly used which of the following to run machinery?

Steam engines

Which of the following elements defined the Democrats under Andrew Jackson?

Support for average Americans

Through which of the following sources did the U.S. Treasury raise most of its revenue during the first half of the 1800s?

Tariffs on imported goods

Through which of the following movements did evangelical reformers succeed in effecting substantial legal and cultural transformations in early nineteenth-century America?

Temperance

What did the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution specify should be done in an election like the election of 1824, in which no presidential candidate received a majority of the electoral votes?

The House of Representatives decides the outcome

The transformation that occurred as American factories and farms turned out more goods, and merchants and legislators created faster and cheaper ways to get those products to consumers, was known as which of the following?

The Market Revolution

Which of the following Puritan ideas became a middle-class conviction with a secular twist during industrialization in the early 1800s?

The Protestant work ethic

How did the appearance of canals and steamboats in the United States affect the flow of goods and information during the 1830s?

The canals and steamboats cut in half most travel and communication time

The construction of the Erie Canal had which of the following negative consequences?

The construction of the canal and its heavy use altered the ecology of the entire region

Charles Grandison Finney found success as a young revivalist preacher in the 1820s by emphasizing which of the following issues in his sermons?

The importance of personal conversion

Which of these inventions spurred the growth of agriculture in the Midwest in the 1840s?

The steel plow

In the aftermath of the nullification crisis, President Jackson responded to southern concerns about the tariff by

persuading Congress to pass a new tariff that gradually reduced duties