ChatGBT Self - Management
What are the core expectations of self managements ?
1. Knowledge of chronic illness and treatment 2. Ability to monitor condition and alter treatment (Cognitive ability, adherent behavior) 3. Ability to share information with healthcare team (Persistence, concordance) 4. Care across life-span: Client is also caregiver (Older adults need Health Promotion teaching as well)
The peak flow os determined by provider from average of how many blows if patient is asymptomatic
3 blows
What does the green represent on the peak flow?
80 to 100 percent of your usual or "normal" peak flow rate signals all clear. A reading in this zone means that your asthma is under reasonably good control.
A caregiver is assisting an elderly patient with managing chronic heart failure. Which of the following actions by the caregiver demonstrates appropriate self-management support? A) Encouraging the patient to take medications as prescribed without skipping doses. B) Allowing the patient to take medications only when experiencing shortness of breath. C) Giving the patient information about limiting fluid intake only after hospitalization. D) Reminding the patient to limit physical activity during periods of acute fatigue.
A
A nurse is teaching a patient with asthma how to use a peak flow meter. The nurse explains that the green zone indicates that the patient's asthma is: A) Well-controlled, and no intervention is necessary B) Worsening, and the patient should contact their healthcare provider C) Severe, and the patient should go to the emergency room D) Triggered, and the patient should take their rescue inhaler immediately
A
A patient with hypertension is developing a self-management plan. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend to help the patient manage blood pressure effectively? A) Monitoring blood pressure daily and keeping a log of readings. B) Avoiding taking antihypertensive medications unless blood pressure exceeds 160/100 mm Hg .C) Engaging in physical activity only when blood pressure is within normal limits. D) Limiting fluid intake to less than 500 mL per day to avoid fluid retention.
A
What is an example of acute management ?
ACM Acute cardiac myocardial infarction
----- is triggered by airborne substances such as pollen , mold particles from skin and dried saliva shed by pets
Allergy induced asthma
A nurse is teaching a caregiver about managing the care of a client with a chronic illness. The nurse emphasizes that self-management includes a partnership with family and caregivers, as the client may lack the ability to independently manage their care. Which of the following is the most important factor in ensuring the caregiver's effectiveness in this role? A) The caregiver's ability to follow instructions exactly as given B) The caregiver's understanding of the client's medical condition and treatment plan C) The caregiver's availability to provide care 24/7 D) The caregiver's emotional attachment to the client
Answer: B) The caregiver's understanding of the client's medical condition and treatment plan Rationale: The most important factor in ensuring effective caregiving is the caregiver's understanding of the client's medical condition and treatment plan. This knowledge helps the caregiver make informed decisions, administer medications correctly, and address any complications.
A nurse is reviewing the peak flow measurement with a client diagnosed with asthma. The nurse explains that the ideal peak flow value is determined by: A) The client's weight and age B) The client's height and age, and the severity of the disease C) The client's current symptoms and medication use D) The average of three measurements when the client is symptomatic
Answer: B) The client's height and age, and the severity of the disease Rationale:The ideal peak flow value is based on the client's height and age, and is also influenced by the severity of the disease. The peak flow is typically measured when the client is asymptomatic, and the average of three measurements is used to determine the client's peak flow baseline.
A nurse is working with a client who has a chronic condition. The nurse is focusing on building a trusting, collaborative relationship with the client to enhance self-management. Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of this type of relationship on the client's care plan? A) The nurse should avoid using support services to ensure the client develops independence. B) Mutual problem-solving in a trusting relationship decreases the need for clinic visits and support services. C) The client's self-efficacy is enhanced because they feel confident in managing their condition with the nurse's support. D) A trusting relationship between the client and nurse increases the client's dependence on healthcare services.
Answer: C) The client's self-efficacy is enhanced because they feel confident in managing their condition with the nurse's support. Rationale: A trusting relationship between the client and provider optimizes self-management outcomes by increasing the client's confidence in their ability to manage their condition (self-efficacy). Mutual problem-solving and collaboration do not eliminate the need for support services or clinic visits, but they help the client feel empowered in their own care. This builds trust and a positive foundation for effective health management.
A nurse is planning to offer cooking classes to a group of clients with chronic illnesses. Which of the following is the best reason to include cooking classes in the client education plan? a) Cooking classes allow clients to memorize recipes for meal planning. b) Cooking classes actively engage clients in learning to manage their diets. c) Cooking classes focus on calorie counting and portion control. d) Cooking classes are a fun way to encourage clients to follow strict diet plans.
Answer: b) Cooking classes actively engage clients in learning to manage their diets. Rationale: Active participation in cooking classes promotes practical skills in managing dietary needs for chronic conditions, leading to better adherence and understanding than memorizing recipes or simply focusing on calorie counting.
A client with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is being educated about dietary modifications. Which of the following dietary recommendations is most appropriate for this client? a) High-fiber foods to help with digestion b) Low-residue, low-fiber diet to reduce irritation to the intestines c) A high-protein diet to promote muscle building d) A gluten-free diet to reduce inflammation
Answer: b) Low-residue, low-fiber diet to reduce irritation to the intestines Rationale: Inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis require a low-residue, low-fiber diet to reduce bowel irritation and manage symptoms. High-fiber foods can worsen inflammation and discomfort.
A nurse is teaching a client with Celiac disease about diet modifications. Which of the following should be included in the teaching plan? a) The client can eat wheat bread as long as it is in moderation. b) The client should avoid all foods containing gluten, including wheat, barley, and rye. c) The client only needs to avoid gluten in packaged foods. d) The client can occasionally eat foods containing gluten without affecting their health.
Answer: b) The client should avoid all foods containing gluten, including wheat, barley, and rye.Rationale: Clients with Celiac disease must avoid all sources of gluten to prevent the immune response that damages the small intestine. Gluten is present in wheat, barley, and rye, so strict avoidance is necessary.
A client with diabetes is attending a class on managing carbohydrates as part of their self-management education. Which of the following teaching strategies is most likely to improve the client's understanding of how to manage carbohydrates in their diet? a) Providing a list of low-carb foods for the client to memorize b) Giving the client a cookbook with carbohydrate-controlled recipes c) Demonstrating how to read food labels and calculate carbohydrate content d) Teaching the client to avoid carbohydrates entirely
Answer: c) Demonstrating how to read food labels and calculate carbohydrate content Rationale: Self-management is enhanced when the client is actively engaged in learning. Teaching the client how to read food labels and calculate carbohydrate content is more effective than just memorizing lists or recipes, as it promotes long-term knowledge and skills needed for managing their condition.
A nurse is educating a 45-year-old client about the importance of getting the shingles vaccine. The client has a history of chickenpox. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? 1"You should receive the shingles vaccine every 5 years." 2 "It is recommended that you get the vaccine at age 50." 3 "The shingles vaccine is only for individuals who have never had chickenpox." 4 "You should wait until you have had a flare-up of shingles to receive the vaccine."
Answer: 2. "It is recommended that you get the vaccine at age 50." Rationale: The shingles vaccine is recommended for individuals aged 50 and older, even if they have had chickenpox in the past, to reduce the risk of developing shingles later in life.
A nurse is educating the parent of a 6-year-old child who has been diagnosed with asthma on the use of a peak flow meter. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates the need for further teaching? A. "I will use the low-range peak flow meter because my child is under 10 years old." B. "I need to take three blows when using the peak flow meter and record the highest result." C. "The ideal peak flow is determined by my child's doctor based on their height, age, and asthma severity." D. "I will use the standard-range peak flow meter because my child is over 5 years old."
Answer: A Rationale:A low-range peak flow meter is typically used for young children under 5 years of age or those with smaller airways. Since the child is 6 years old, they should be using a standard-range peak flow meter for better accuracy. The other statements are correct regarding how to use the peak flow meter and how the ideal peak flow is determined.
A 30-year-old woman with a history of asthma asks about strategies to minimize her symptoms when exercising outdoors during the winter. Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation? A. Avoid exercising outdoors during cold, dry weather. B. Increase the intensity of exercise to help clear airways. C. Take a hot shower before exercising to warm the airways. D. Use a bronchodilator after exercising.
Answer: A. Avoid exercising outdoors during cold, dry weather. Explanation: Cold, dry air can trigger asthma symptoms, especially in exercise-induced asthma. It's best to avoid outdoor exercise in such conditions or take precautions like wearing a scarf or mask over the mouth to warm the air before it enters the lungs.
A 25-year-old patient with asthma reports experiencing symptoms of wheezing and shortness of breath after running outdoors during the winter. The patient has a history of asthma exacerbations in cold, dry air. Which type of asthma is this patient most likely experiencing? A. Exercise-induced asthma B. Occupational asthma C. Allergy-induced asthma D. Cold-induced asthma
Answer: A. Exercise-induced asthma Explanation: This patient's symptoms are triggered by physical exertion in cold, dry air, which is characteristic of exercise-induced asthma. Symptoms may worsen in such conditions, especially with the combination of cold air and activity.
A nurse is teaching a patient with asthma about the use of a peak flow meter. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates an understanding of the purpose of the peak flow meter? A) "The peak flow meter measures how much oxygen I am inhaling." B) "The peak flow meter is used to determine the severity of an asthma attack." C) "The peak flow meter shows how much air I can exhale in one second." D) "The peak flow meter can be used to diagnose asthma."
Answer: B) "The peak flow meter is used to determine the severity of an asthma attack." Rationale: The peak flow meter helps individuals with asthma track their lung function over time. It measures the maximum airflow during exhalation, indicating how well the lungs are working. By comparing the results to personal best measurements, it can help determine the severity of an asthma attack and guide treatment decisions.
A 40-year-old man working in a factory complains of frequent asthma attacks, particularly when he is exposed to chemical fumes. He mentions that his symptoms seem to improve when he is away from the workplace. Which type of asthma is most likely affecting this patient? A. Exercise-induced asthma B. Occupational asthma C. Allergy-induced asthma D. Cold-induced asthma
Answer: B. Occupational asthma Explanation: Occupational asthma is triggered by workplace irritants, such as chemical fumes, gases, or dust. The patient's symptoms improve when he is not at work, which supports this diagnosis.
A nurse educates a patient about allergy-induced asthma. The nurse explains that common triggers for allergy-induced asthma include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Pollen B. Mold spores C. Pet dander D. Cold, dry air
Answer: D. Cold, dry air Explanation: Cold, dry air is typically a trigger for exercise-induced asthma, not allergy-induced asthma. Allergy-induced asthma is triggered by airborne substances such as pollen, mold spores, and pet dander
A patient with asthma is prescribed a corticosteroid inhaler for daily use. Which of the following is an important teaching point for the patient? a) Rinse your mouth with water after using the inhaler to prevent oral thrush. b) Use the inhaler only during an asthma attack for quick relief. c) Do not use the inhaler if you feel your symptoms are improving. d) The inhaler should be used every 4 hours, regardless of symptoms.
Answer: a) Rinse your mouth with water after using the inhaler to prevent oral thrush. Rationale: Corticosteroid inhalers can cause oral thrush, a fungal infection in the mouth. Rinsing the mouth after use helps reduce this risk.
A nurse is caring for a diabetic patient with a blood glucose level of 250 mg/dL. The patient reports feeling fatigued and experiencing increased thirst and urination. Which of the following is the priority nursing intervention? a) Administer a rapid-acting insulin as prescribed b) Encourage the patient to drink fluids to prevent dehydration c) Monitor the patient's blood pressure for signs of hypotension d) Perform a neurological assessment to rule out a stroke
Answer: b) Encourage the patient to drink fluids to prevent dehydration Rationale: Increased thirst and urination are signs of hyperglycemia and dehydration. Hydration is important to prevent further complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS).
Which of the following is the most important instruction for a patient with asthma regarding the use of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)? a) Take a deep breath, then spray the inhaler into the mouth. b) Exhale before inhaling the medication. c) Wait at least 5 minutes before using a second inhaler dose. d) Shake the inhaler vigorously before use.
Answer: b) Exhale before inhaling the medication. Rationale: Exhaling before using the inhaler helps the patient take a deeper breath, allowing the medication to reach the lungs more effectively.
A patient with asthma presents to the clinic with a new cough and wheezing after exposure to pollen. What is the nurse's priority action? a) Ask the patient about their medication regimen. b) Perform a peak flow test. c) Educate the patient about pollen exposure. d) Instruct the patient to rest and drink fluids.
Answer: b) Perform a peak flow test. Rationale: A peak flow test measures the severity of asthma symptoms and helps determine whether the patient's asthma is controlled. This is the priority before other interventions.
Which of the following symptoms would indicate the need for immediate medical intervention in a patient with asthma? a) Occasional cough after exercise b) Wheezing and difficulty talking c) Mild chest tightness with no other symptoms d) Occasional shortness of breath at night
Answer: b) Wheezing and difficulty talking Rationale: Wheezing and difficulty talking are signs of severe asthma exacerbation, which requires immediate intervention. Difficulty talking is an indication of respiratory distress.
A patient with asthma is prescribed a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) inhaler for acute symptoms. The patient asks how often they can use the inhaler. What is the nurse's best response? a) "You can use the inhaler up to 12 times a day for relief." b) "You should use the inhaler only during an asthma attack." c) "You can use the inhaler up to every 4 hours for relief." d) "You should use the inhaler every hour to prevent wheezing."
Answer: c) "You can use the inhaler up to every 4 hours for relief." Rationale: Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) can be used every 4 hours for acute symptoms. Overuse can lead to side effects, such as tachycardia.
A 45-year-old patient with a history of diabetes mellitus asks the nurse about the complications associated with the condition. Which of the following is a common microvascular complication of diabetes? a) Coronary artery disease b) Stroke c) Diabetic retinopathy d) Peripheral artery disease
Answer: c) Diabetic retinopathy Rationale: Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication associated with diabetes mellitus, affecting the small blood vessels in the eyes. Other options listed are macrovascular complications.
Which of the following factors significantly increases the risk of diabetes-related complications? a) Strict adherence to a low-sodium diet b) Control of blood glucose levels within the target range c) Sedentary lifestyle and poor blood glucose control d) Moderate alcohol consumption
Answer: c) Sedentary lifestyle and poor blood glucose control Rationale: A sedentary lifestyle combined with poor blood glucose control significantly increases the risk of both microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetes.
Which of the following is a macrovascular complication of diabetes mellitus? a) Neuropathy b) Diabetic nephropathy c) Stroke d) Retinopathy
Answer: c) Stroke Rationale: Macrovascular complications of diabetes include larger blood vessels, and conditions such as stroke, heart disease, and peripheral artery disease are more common in individuals with diabetes.
A nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed diabetic patient about the risks of uncontrolled blood glucose levels. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates that they need further education? a) "I understand that uncontrolled blood sugar can lead to heart disease and stroke." b) "I am aware that diabetes can increase the risk of kidney failure." c) "I need to be careful because my blood sugar is high, it can affect my vision." d) "I can eat anything as long as I take insulin regularly."
Answer: d) "I can eat anything as long as I take insulin regularly." Rationale: Diabetes management involves not only insulin but also careful monitoring of diet, exercise, and blood glucose levels. Insulin alone cannot compensate for poor dietary choices.
Which of the following diet choices is most appropriate for a patient with diabetes who is focusing on maintaining glycemic control? A) Eating small, frequent meals rich in complex carbohydrates and fiber. B) Choosing high-fat foods to delay glucose absorption. C) Eating one large meal in the evening to prevent overnight hypoglycemia .D) Avoiding all carbohydrates to keep blood sugar levels stable.
Answer:A) Eating small, frequent meals rich in complex carbohydrates and fiber. Rationale: Complex carbs and fiber help maintain stable blood sugar and prevent spikes. High-fat foods, one large meal, or avoiding all carbs are not recommended strategies for glycemic control.
A patient with asthma presents to the emergency department with complaints of wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Which of the following pathophysiological processes is primarily responsible for the patient's symptoms? A) Inflammation of the air passages in the lungs causing narrowing of the airways B) Bronchodilation leading to reduced airflow C) Overproduction of mucus leading to airway obstruction D) Decreased sensitivity of the nerve endings in the lungs
Answer:A) Inflammation of the air passages in the lungs causing narrowing of the airways Rationale:Asthma is characterized by inflammation of the air passages, which causes the airways to narrow, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. The inflammation increases sensitivity in the nerve endings of the airways, making them more reactive to various triggers.
A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus has a Hemoglobin A1C level of 9.2%. Which of the following statements indicates that the patient needs further education? A) "I should aim to get my A1C level below 7%." B) "A Hemoglobin A1C of 9.2% shows good control of my blood sugar." C) "Monitoring my blood glucose daily is essential to manage my diabetes." D) "Reducing my A1C will help lower my risk of complications."
Answer:B) "A Hemoglobin A1C of 9.2% shows good control of my blood sugar." Rationale: A1C levels above 7% indicate poor glycemic control, and ideally, patients should aim for below 7% to reduce the risk of complications
A nurse is educating a patient on how to properly administer insulin. Which statement made by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? A) "I will rotate injection sites to avoid scar tissue buildup." B) "I can inject insulin into my thigh right before exercising." C) "I should store my insulin in the refrigerator until I'm ready to use it." D) "If I see particles in the insulin vial, I should not use it."
Answer:B) "I can inject insulin into my thigh right before exercising." Rationale: Injecting insulin into a muscle that will be used during exercise can increase the absorption rate, which may lead to hypoglycemia. It's safer to avoid injecting in areas that will be immediately active.
A nurse is educating a patient with diabetes on foot care. Which statement by the patient indicates a correct understanding? A) "I should soak my feet in warm water every night." B) "I will check my feet daily for any cuts or sores." C) "I can go barefoot at home as long as I'm careful." D) "If I find a callus, I will trim it myself."
Answer:B) "I will check my feet daily for any cuts or sores." Rationale: Daily inspection is critical to catch and treat any wounds early. Soaking can dry out the skin, going barefoot is unsafe due to risk of injury, and trimming calluses at home may cause skin breaks.
A nurse is teaching the parents of a 6-year-old child with asthma how to use a peak flow meter. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates a need for further teaching? A) "I should have my child take three deep breaths and then blow out as hard as they can into the peak flow meter." B) "We should use the low-range peak flow meter because my child is 6 years old." C) "I should measure the peak flow when my child is not having any asthma symptoms." D) "The doctor will determine the ideal peak flow based on my child's height, age, and disease severity."
Answer:B) "We should use the low-range peak flow meter because my child is 6 years old." Rationale:The correct answer is B because a 6-year-old child would typically require a low-range peak flow meter, which is used for smaller children (usually >5 years old). However, 6-year-olds generally fall into the category for a standard-range peak flow meter, which is typically used for children older than 5, teenagers, and adults.
For a patient with type 2 diabetes, what weight management advice is appropriate to promote glycemic control? A) Weight loss is only beneficial if the patient reaches an ideal body weight. B) Losing 5-10% of body weight can improve blood glucose levels. C) Weight management has little impact on diabetes complications. D) Fasting is the best way to promote weight loss for patients with diabetes.
Answer:B) Losing 5-10% of body weight can improve blood glucose levels. Rationale: Even modest weight loss can help improve blood glucose levels and reduce complications. Reaching an ideal weight isn't necessary to see benefits, and fasting is not recommended for people with diabetes due to risks of hypoglycemia.
A patient with asthma is learning self-management techniques. Which of the following actions should the nurse encourage the patient to take? A. Increase fluid intake only during asthma attacks. B. Always carry a rescue inhaler when leaving home. C. Limit exercise to prevent asthma exacerbations. D. Discontinue medications as soon as asthma symptoms improve.
Answer:B. Always carry a rescue inhaler when leaving home.It is important for patients with asthma to carry their rescue inhaler at all times in case of sudden symptoms or exacerbations.
A nurse is teaching a patient with asthma how to follow their asthma action plan. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the plan for a patient experiencing an asthma exacerbation? A. Continue using only the maintenance inhaler. B. Call the healthcare provider if symptoms do not improve after using the rescue inhaler. C. Stop using the rescue inhaler if symptoms improve after one dose. D. Increase the dose of the maintenance inhaler for immediate relief.
Answer:B. Call the healthcare provider if symptoms do not improve after using the rescue inhaler. If symptoms do not improve after using a rescue inhaler, the patient should seek medical help immediately to avoid complications.
A nurse is teaching a patient with asthma how to recognize and avoid common asthma triggers. Which of the following should the nurse include as an asthma trigger? A. A regular exercise routine B. Exposure to pet dander C. Taking prescribed medications regularly D. Breathing through the nose during exercise
Answer:B. Exposure to pet dander Exposure to pet dander is a known trigger for asthma. It is important for the patient to identify and avoid such triggers.
A patient with asthma is prescribed prednisolone (a corticosteroid) for long-term management. The nurse explains the potential side effects of this medication. Which of the following should the nurse include as a common side effect of steroids? A. Decreased appetite B. Increased risk of infection C. Increased urine output D. Low blood pressure
Answer:B. Increased risk of infection Steroids, such as prednisolone, suppress the immune system, increasing the risk of infection.
A nurse is discussing self-management with a client who is diagnosed with diabetes. The nurse emphasizes the importance of developing a trusting relationship to optimize the client's self-management outcomes. Which of the following is the most accurate rationale for this approach? A. The client will feel less pressure to attend regular clinic visits. B. Mutual problem-solving in the relationship helps the client develop greater self-efficacy in managing their condition. C. The provider will be able to decrease the use of support services needed by the client. D. Trust in the relationship will allow the provider to blame the client less for poor health outcomes.
Answer:B. Mutual problem-solving in the relationship helps the client develop greater self-efficacy in managing their condition. Rationale:A trusting client-provider relationship enhances self-management outcomes by building self-efficacy. In this relationship, mutual problem-solving is encouraged, and the client feels confident in their ability to manage their condition. This does not decrease the need for support services or reduce clinic visits, but rather empowers the client to take control of their health.
What should a patient with diabetes do before starting an exercise routine? A) Skip their meal before exercising to avoid hypoglycemia. B) Check their blood sugar and make sure it is above 250 mg/dL before starting. C) Eat a small carbohydrate snack if their blood sugar is below 100 mg/dL. D) Exercise immediately after taking insulin for best absorption.
Answer:C) Eat a small carbohydrate snack if their blood sugar is below 100 mg/dL. Rationale: Exercise can lower blood sugar levels, so a small snack may be necessary to prevent hypoglycemia. Blood sugar levels above 250 mg/dL indicate a risk for hyperglycemia during exercise, and exercising right after insulin can increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
A patient with asthma has been prescribed both a maintenance metered-dose inhaler (MDI) and a rescue MDI. The nurse explains the proper use of these inhalers. Which statement by the patient indicates the need for further teaching? A. "I will use my maintenance inhaler daily even when I feel fine." B. "I will use the rescue inhaler before exercise if I feel short of breath." C. "I can use the maintenance inhaler to relieve sudden asthma symptoms." D. "I should wait 1 minute between puffs when using the same inhaler."
Answer:C. "I can use the maintenance inhaler to relieve sudden asthma symptoms."The maintenance inhaler is used daily to prevent symptoms, while the rescue inhaler is used for immediate relief of sudden symptoms.
What is the most common chronic disease in children ?
Asthma
A patient diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is learning to manage their condition. The nurse teaches the patient about self-management strategies. Which statement by the patient reflects correct understanding of the nurse's teaching about preventing exacerbations? A) "I will avoid exercising to prevent shortness of breath." B) "I should avoid large crowds, especially during cold and flu season." C) "I should stop using my inhalers once I feel better." D) "I will not need to monitor my oxygen levels unless I feel short of breath."
B
How does mutual problem-solving benefit the client-provider relationship in self-management? A) It eliminates the need for the client to be involved in decision-making. B) It fosters trust, allowing for collaborative approaches to address barriers to self-management. C) It increases the number of clinic visits required for the client. D) It reduces the need for any outside support services for the client.
B
In an effective client-provider relationship, which of the following is essential for building trust and improving self-management? A) The provider should tell the client what to do without discussion to avoid confusion. B) The provider should actively listen and engage with the client, creating a nonjudgmental environment. C) The client should avoid sharing any struggles or mistakes to maintain a sense of independence. D) Self-management is best achieved when the client works entirely without any external support.
B
The nurse is educating a patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes on self-management strategies. The nurse emphasizes the importance of regular blood glucose monitoring. Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding of the nurse's teaching? A) "I will check my blood sugar levels only when I feel unwell." B) "I need to check my blood glucose levels before meals and at bedtime." C) "I should only monitor my blood sugar if my medication dose changes." D) "It is not necessary for me to check my blood sugar if I am feeling good."
B
Which of the following accurately reflects the role of a provider in a client-provider relationship aimed at enhancing self-management? A) Providers should focus on controlling all aspects of the client's care without involving them in decision-making. B) The provider should foster a collaborative environment, encouraging open communication and mutual problem-solving. C) The provider should discourage any use of support services, as they will decrease the client's self-efficacy. D) Providers should avoid discussing the client's self-management goals to reduce pressure on the client.
B
Which of the following is a key factor in optimizing self-management outcomes for a client with a chronic condition? A) The client-provider relationship should focus solely on the client's medical treatment plan. B) Trust between the client and provider, where the client feels free from blame or judgment, is essential. C) The client must be fully independent without any need for support services. D) The provider should make decisions for the client to ensure they follow the treatment plan.
B
A client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) tells the nurse that symptoms continue even after taking the prescribed medication. The nurse reviews the client's diet history and finds that orange juice and red sauce remain in the diet. The nurse recognizes that the client cannot self-manage because of which reason? A.Lacks initiative to self-manage B.Does not have a good understanding of the chronic disease C.Chooses non-adherent behaviors D.Poor financial resources
B. The GERD diet requires reduction in fried, fatty, and acidic foods. The client has not provided information that lead to an assessment of lack of self-efficacy, purposeful non-adherent behaviors or health care disparities. The client is seeking assistance to abate symptoms, therefore, exhibits motivation. In order to self-manage, the client must have good knowledge of the chronic illness and treatment plan. A client and nurse may develop a plan that is mutually acceptable where the client can optimally self-manage. If they do Concordance is present. Concordance is development of an alliance with patients based on realistic expectations.
A nurse is educating a client diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about dietary modifications. Which of the following dietary recommendations should the nurse include to help manage the condition? A) Increase intake of fried foods to help absorb stomach acid B) Drink caffeinated beverages to help reduce symptoms C) Avoid acidic foods such as citrus fruits and tomatoes D) Consume large meals to reduce stomach pressure
C
A nurse is teaching a patient with depression how to manage their condition. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates a need for further education? A) "I will attend my follow-up appointments to monitor my mental health." B) "I plan to engage in physical activity to help improve my mood." C) "I should continue isolating myself to avoid bothering others with my symptoms." D) "I will talk to my doctor if I feel my symptoms worsening."
C
Which of the following is true regarding the optimal mutual client-provider relationship? A) It decreases the number of required clinic visits by making the client more self-sufficient. B) The provider should always lead the decision-making process to ensure correct outcomes. C) The client is empowered with self-efficacy, or the confidence to self-manage their condition. D) Support services and regular clinic visits are no longer necessary once trust is established.
C
What is asthma ?
Constricting of the airway due to inflammation and muscular contraction of the bronchioles. Also called Reactive Airway Disease
A nurse is reviewing the asthma action plan with a patient. The patient's peak flow meter reading is in the green zone. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? A) "I will continue taking my usual medications." B) "I need to check my peak flow once a day when I feel well." C) "I should call my healthcare provider if I enter the yellow zone." D) "I should make an appointment to review my peak flow results with my doctor every few months."
Correct Answer: B Rationale: Peak flow should be checked regularly, even when the patient feels well, to ensure early detection of any changes in asthma control. The correct approach is to check it daily, not just when feeling symptomatic.
A nurse is teaching a client with asthma how to use a peak flow meter. Which of the following is the most important instruction to provide regarding the color zones? A) "When you are in the yellow zone, you need to seek immediate medical attention." B) "The green zone means your asthma is well controlled, and no action is needed." C) "The red zone means you can continue taking your usual medications as prescribed." D) "The yellow zone indicates that your peak flow is at the highest level of control."
Correct Answer: B Rationale: The color zones are used to assess asthma control. The green zone (80-100% of personal best) indicates good control and no action is necessary. The yellow zone (50-79% of personal best) signals a need for additional treatment, and the red zone (<50% of personal best) indicates a medical emergency.
A client with asthma is using a peak flow meter at home. After measuring their peak flow, they find their result falls within the yellow zone. What should the nurse instruct the client to do next? A) Continue with normal activities and monitor symptoms. B) Take their rescue inhaler as prescribed and recheck the peak flow in 20 minutes. C) Increase the dose of their controller medication immediately. D) Go to the nearest emergency department for treatment.
Correct Answer: B Rationale: The yellow zone indicates that the asthma is not well controlled, and the client should take a rescue inhaler (such as albuterol) as prescribed. After using the inhaler, they should recheck their peak flow in 20 minutes to assess if the symptoms improve.
During a health promotion workshop for older adults, the nurse emphasizes the importance of hydration. Which of the following statements by a participant indicates a correct understanding of hydration needs? A) "I only need to drink water when I'm feeling thirsty." B) "Drinking adequate water can help prevent urinary tract infections." C) "I can substitute coffee for water since it hydrates me." D) "Older adults don't need as much water as younger people."
Correct Answer: B) "Drinking adequate water can help prevent urinary tract infections." Rationale: This statement reflects an understanding of the health benefits of hydration, particularly in older adults.
A nurse is providing education to an older adult client about the importance of receiving annual vaccinations. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further education? A) "I understand that the flu vaccine can help prevent serious illness." B) "I don't think I need a flu shot every year; I had one last year." C) "The pneumococcal vaccine is important for my overall health." D) "I will make sure to drink plenty of water to stay hydrated."
Correct Answer: B) "I don't think I need a flu shot every year; I had one last year." Rationale: This statement reflects a misunderstanding of the need for annual flu vaccinations, indicating that further education is required.
An older adult client expresses reluctance to receive the pneumococcal vaccine, stating, "I've never had pneumonia, so I don't see the need for it." What is the nurse's best response? A) "You should get vaccinated; it's required by law." B) "The vaccine is important even if you've never had pneumonia; it can prevent serious complications." C) "If you haven't had it yet, there's no point in getting vaccinated now." D) "You can skip the vaccine; it's not necessary for everyone."
Correct Answer: B) "The vaccine is important even if you've never had pneumonia; it can prevent serious complications." Rationale: This response educates the client on the importance of the vaccine for prevention, regardless of past health history.
A genetic counselor is discussing the implications of genetic screening with a client. Which statement by the nurse would best facilitate the client's understanding of disease management through genetic screening? A) "Genetic screening can predict your health outcomes with certainty." B) "This screening will help us understand your risk for certain diseases and guide your management plan." C) "You should only consider genetic testing if you have a family history of disease." D) "Genetic screening is a one-time event and does not require further follow-up."
Correct Answer: B) "This screening will help us understand your risk for certain diseases and guide your management plan." Rationale: This statement accurately reflects the role of genetic screening in informing disease management and emphasizes the importance of risk assessment.
A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes how to manage their condition. Which strategy should the nurse use to enhance the client's self-efficacy? A) Provide detailed information about diabetes complications. B) Encourage the client to set achievable goals for blood sugar management. C) Emphasize the importance of following a strict diet. D) Schedule frequent appointments to monitor the client's progress.
Correct Answer: B) Encourage the client to set achievable goals for blood sugar management. Rationale: Setting achievable goals helps clients build confidence in their ability to manage their condition, which enhances self-efficacy.
A nurse is assessing an older adult client's lifestyle. Which behavior should the nurse encourage to promote better health in this population? A) Increasing sedentary activities to reduce fatigue. B) Engaging in regular moderate exercise, such as walking or swimming. C) Consuming high amounts of caffeine to stay awake. D) Skipping meals to lose weight.
Correct Answer: B) Engaging in regular moderate exercise, such as walking or swimming. Rationale: Regular physical activity is crucial for maintaining health and mobility in older adults.
When developing a health education program for a community, which key element should the nurse prioritize to encourage positive behavioral changes? A) Traditional lectures on health topics. B) Interactive sessions that allow participants to practice new skills. C) Distribution of pamphlets with health information. D) One-on-one consultations with a health educator.
Correct Answer: B) Interactive sessions that allow participants to practice new skills. Rationale: Interactive education promotes active learning, which is more effective in encouraging voluntary behavior changes.
A nurse is working with a group of patients to improve their engagement in self-management activities. Which approach would be most effective in increasing client engagement? A) Educating clients about the consequences of non-compliance. B) Involving clients in decision-making about their care. C) Providing clients with a list of dietary restrictions. D) Offering incentives for attending follow-up appointments.
Correct Answer: B) Involving clients in decision-making about their care. Rationale: Engaging clients in their own care decisions fosters motivation and confidence, leading to better self-management.
A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about the importance of monitoring blood glucose levels. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? A. "I should check my blood sugar before meals and at bedtime." B. "I can skip checking my blood sugar if I feel fine." C. "High blood sugar can lead to complications if not managed." D. "I will keep a log of my blood sugar readings to share with my healthcare provider."
Correct Answer: B. "I can skip checking my blood sugar if I feel fine." This statement indicates a lack of understanding of the importance of regular monitoring in managing diabetes.
An older adult patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being discharged home. Which health promotion teaching should the nurse prioritize? A. Importance of using oxygen only during physical activity. B. Strategies for avoiding respiratory infections. C. Techniques for managing weight gain. D. The need to limit physical activity to prevent fatigue.
Correct Answer: B. Strategies for avoiding respiratory infections. Older adults are at higher risk for infections, so it is crucial to teach preventive measures for respiratory infections.
A patient with hypertension is instructed on how to monitor their blood pressure at home. Which of the following indicates that the patient understands the instructions? A. The patient states they will check their blood pressure once a week. B. The patient demonstrates how to use the blood pressure cuff correctly. C. The patient expresses that they will only take medication if they feel unwell. D. The patient says they will check their blood pressure only during office visits.
Correct Answer: B. The patient demonstrates how to use the blood pressure cuff correctly. Demonstrating the correct use of the equipment shows that the patient understands how to monitor their condition.
A nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed asthma patient how to use a peak flow meter. What is the primary purpose of using the peak flow meter? A) To assess the effectiveness of prescribed medications. B) To monitor the ability to perform physical activity. C) To detect early signs of asthma exacerbation. D) To measure blood oxygen levels during an attack.
Correct Answer: C Rationale: The primary purpose of using a peak flow meter is to monitor the patient's lung function and detect early signs of asthma exacerbation, so that adjustments in treatment can be made promptly.
A nurse is establishing rapport with a new patient. Which behavior is most likely to promote a positive client-provider relationship? A) Maintaining a strict professional distance. B) Sharing personal experiences related to the client's condition. C) Actively listening and validating the client's feelings. D) Rushing through the initial assessment to save time.
Correct Answer: C) Actively listening and validating the client's feelings. Rationale: Active listening and validation help build trust and concordance between the client and provider.
A nurse is assessing a patient's adherence to their treatment regimen for heart failure. Which behavior suggests a potential issue with adherence? A. The patient asks questions about their medication. B. The patient reports taking their medication as prescribed but feels worse. C. The patient states they often forget to take their medications on time. D. The patient keeps an organized pillbox for their medications.
Correct Answer: C. The patient states they often forget to take their medications on time. Forgetting to take medications suggests a potential issue with adherence that may need addressing.
A nurse is discussing the care plan with a patient who has a chronic illness. What is the most effective way for the nurse to ensure the patient feels comfortable sharing information with the healthcare team? A. Encourage the patient to write down their concerns. B. Ask the patient if they have any questions at the end of the visit. C. Use open-ended questions to facilitate dialogue. D. Provide written instructions for the patient to take home.
Correct Answer: C. Use open-ended questions to facilitate dialogue. Open-ended questions promote communication and allow the patient to express their concerns more freely.
----- which may be worse when the air is cold and dry
Excercise induced asthma
True or False You blow slow into peak flow
FALSE you blow as fast as you can !
What self efficacy is basically what?
How confident is that person in own ability to be adherent
What does red mean on the peak flow meter ?
Less than 50 percent of your usual or "normal" peak flow rate signals a Medical Alert. Immediate decisions and actions need to be taken. Severe airway narrowing may be occurring
What are the best ways to control diabetes mellitus ?
Mulitfactoral holisitc care self management
How do you treat asthma?
Recognize triggers. Avoid triggers. Bronchodilators Maintenance MDI and Rescue MDI Steroids: anti-inflammatory prednisolone Self-Management
What is an example of self- management * hint it is a chronic disorder
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) diet requires reduction in fried, fatty, and acidic foods. To self-manage, the client must have good knowledge of the chronic illness and treatment plan.
What is diabetes mellitus?
it is a chronic metabolic disorder
----- is triggered by a workplace irritants such as chemical fumes and dust
occupational asthma
What does the yellow on the peak flow represent?
•50 to 80 percent of your usual or "normal" peak flow rate signals caution. It is time for decisions. Your airways are narrowing and may require extra treatment.
