CHC Theory, Tests, and Interpretation

auditory processing

Ga; The ability to analyze, manipulate, discriminate, comprehend, and synthesize sounds (e.g., speech units). It involves the ability to hear phonemes distinctly, blend and segment words, and retain speech sounds on a short-term basis.

perceptual speed

P; a broad ability of Gs that is defined as the speed and fluency with which similarities or differences in visual stimuli can be searched and compared in an extended visual field

What are the current narrow abilities under Ga?

PC, US, UR, U8, UM (there are a couple more per the PP, but these are the ones that he focused on).

phonetic coding

PC; a narrow ability of Ga that includes the ability to distinctly hear phonemes, blend sounds into words, and segment words into parts, sounds, or phonemes

What are the current narrow abilities under Gs?

Pc, Ps, N

perceptual speed-compare

Pc; a narrow ability of Gs - P that includes the speed and fluency of looking up and comparing visual stimuli that are side-by-side or more widely separated in an extended visual field

T/F: In deductive reasoning, the conclusion must be true if the premises are true.

True.

On which kinds of assessments are phonemic awareness tests generally found?

cognitive achievement, speech-language, and special purpose tests

Gc

crystallized intelligence/comprehension-knowledge

Gf

fluid intelligence

Grw

reading/writing

Gsm

short-term memory

PC, US, and UR are facets of Ga classified under what? (speech or nonverbal)

speech

Grammatical Sensitivity (MY) and Communication Abilities (CM) are also abilities of Gc, but Dr. A didn't spend time on them in class or on the PP, so neither will I in here.

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Note: There are 8 more Gv narrow abilities, but Dr. A did not highlight them so I won't bother including them on here.

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What are task examples of Gv - VM?

1) After being exposed to an image for five seconds, the examinee must identify the image when it is part of a larger and more complex image. 2) After being exposed to an image for five seconds, the examinee must identify the image when it is part of a larger and more complex image.

Gl is broken down into 3 narrow abilities. What are they?

1) associative memory (MA) 2) meaningful memory (MM) 3) free recall memory (M6; however, this is not tested on the WISC and WJ, so I won't spend time adding it on this Quizlet)

What are the classification rules for AC?

1. AC is a secondary classification for Gwm subtests that have subcomponents where either Wa or Wv is involved but a distinct subcomponent involves Wc. These subtests may be classified as "Gwm:Wa, Wc" or "Gwm:Wv, Wc". 2. Working Memory Capacity (Wc) subtests are classified as Gwm:Wc. AC is inherent in the definition of Wc. 3. If AC is an appropriate classification for a task outside of the Gwm domain (e.g., Gf, Gv, Gs), then "Gwm" should be dropped, and "AC" should be used as the sole classification or as a classification that is secondary to the primary narrow ability classification.

What is a task example of Ga - PC?

An examinee blends sounds together fluently to form words.

What is a Gl - Associative Memory (MA) task example?

An examinee is presented with a set of visual stimuli paired with nonsense words and must correctly identify the nonsense word that had been presented with a certain visual stimulus.

What is a Gl - Meaningful Memory (MM) task example?

An examinee is presented with a short story and must retell the story as accurately as possible immediately following a single presentation.

What is a task example of Gv - Vz?

An examinee is required to assemble blocks to match a picture or standing model (Block Design).

What is a task example of Gc - Lexical Knowledge (VL)?

An examinee must provide oral definitions for words of increasing difficulty.

What is a task example of Gc - General Information (K0)?

An examinee must provide specific responses to questions of general information (think Jeopardy).

What is a task example of Gr - FI?

An examinee must rapidly name as many kitchen utensils/appliances as they can think of within a specified time limit.

Why does AC not require a secondary code?

Because it is inherent in the definition of Wc and therefore tests of Wc do not require secondary codes.

What are task examples of Gwm - Wc?

Digit Span Backward and Sequencing; Letter-Number Sequencing of the WISC; An examinee is presented with a series of letters and numbers in a mixed-up order and is required to reorder them by stating the numbers in ascending order followed by the letters in alphabetical order.

expressional fluency

FE; a narrow ability of Gr that includes the ability to rapidly think of different ways of expressing an idea

ideational fluency

FI; a narrow ability of Gr that includes the ability to rapidly produce a series of ideas, words, or phrases related to a specific condition or object

word fluency

FW; a narrow ability of Gr - LA that includes the ability to rapidly produce words that share a phonological or semantic feature

T/F: AC is constrained to Gwm?

False.

T/F: In inductive reasoning, the truth of premises guarantees the truth of conclusions.

False. In inductive reasoning, the truth of premises DOES NOT necessarily guarantee the truth of conclusions.

comprehension-knowledge (historically known as "crystallized intelligence")

Gc; the breadth and depth of knowledge and skills (e.g., words, general information) that are acquired as a result of exposure to language, culture, general life experiences, and formal schooling. The ability to comprehend and communicate culturally-valued knowledge

What are the current broad abilities?

Gf, Gc, Gwm, Gv, Ga, Gl, Gr, Gs

fluid reasoning

Gf; refers to a type of thinking or reasoning that individuals use when faced with a relatively new or novel task that cannot be performed automatically - includes Induction (I), General Sequence Reasoning (RG), and Quantitative Reasoning (RQ)

Long-term storage and retrieval (Glr) has been separated because it has been shown that it encompasses two relatively distinct abilities. What are these two broad abilities?

Gl (learning efficiency) and Gr (retrieval fluency)

Which is a diagnostic marker for reading disability or dyslexia: Gl or Gr?

Gr

processing speed

Gs; The ability to control attention to automatically perform simple and repetitive clerical-type tasks quickly. It may be thought of as mental speed or the fluency with which simple, over-learned tasks are performed.

What is the relationship between Gv and math?

Gv is important when practicing advanced mathematical skills, such as geometry and calculus.

visual processing

Gv; an individual's ability to think about visual patterns and visual images; also involves generating, perceiving, and analyzing visual patterns and visual info (i.e., putting puzzles together, completing a maze, interpreting charts, graphs, and figures); The ability to generate visual images and perceive and analyze visual patterns and visual information. It also involves the ability to mentally simulate how complex visual patterns might look when transformed in some way (e.g., rotated).

What are the current narrow abilities under Gf?

I, RQ, RG

induction

I; A narrow ability of Gf to observe a phenomenon and discover the underlying principles or rules that determine its behavior. - aka, "rule inference"

imagery

IM; a narrow ability of Gv that includes the ability to voluntarily mentally produce very vivid images of objects, people, or events that are not actually present

When do we typically use inductive reasoning? Why?

In our daily lives since it's fast and easy to use.

general (verbal) information

K0; a narrow ability of Gc that includes the breadth and depth of knowledge that one's culture deems essential, practical, and worthwhile for everyone to know

speed of lexical access

LA; a broad ability of Gr that is the ability to rapidly retrieve words from an individual's lexicon - verbal efficiency or automaticity of lexical access

What are the current intermediate abilities? Indicate which broad ability they're under.

LD (Gc), LA (Gr), P (Gs)

language development

LD; a broad ability of Gc that is an intermediate stratum ability to comprehend and communicate using language. - The general understanding of spoken language at the level of words, idioms, and sentences. - Understanding words in context.

listening ability

LS; a narrow ability of Gc that includes the ability to understand speech. This ability starts with comprehending single words and increases to long, complex verbal statements.

associative memory

MA; a narrow ability to form a link between two previously unrelated stimuli such and the subsequent presentation of one of the stimuli serves to activate the recall of the other stimuli

What are the current narrow abilities under Gl?

MM, MA

meaningful memory

MM; a narrow ability of Gl that is the ability to remember narratives and other forms of semantically related information

visual memory

MV; a narrow ability of Gv that includes the ability to remember complex images over short periods of time (<30 secs)

number facility

N; a narrow ability of Gs that includes the speed, fluency, and accuracy in manipulating numbers, comparing number patterns, or completing basic arithmetic

What are the current narrow abilities under Gr?

NA, FW, FI, FE

naming facility

NA; a narrow ability of Gr - LA that includes that ability to rapidly call objects by their names

What is a task example of Gwm - Wv?

Picture Span of the WISC; An examinee is presented with a series of pictures for 5 seconds and then must point to the pictures in order when they are displayed on a page with several other pictures.

perceptual speed-search

Ps; a narrow ability of Gs - P that includes the speed and fluency of searching or scanning an extended visual field to locate one or more simple visual patterns

general sequential reasoning

RG; A narrow ability of Gf that is the ability to reason logically using known premises and principles. - aka "deductive reasoning" or "rule application"

quantitative reasoning

RQ; A narrow ability of Gf that includes the ability to reason with quantities, mathematical relations, and operations.

reading speed (fluency)

RS; a narrow ability of Gs that includes the speed and fluency of reading text with full comprehension; also listed under Grw

spatial scanning

SS; a narrow ability of Gv that includes the ability to quickly and accurately survey (visually explore) a wide or complicated spatial field or pattern with multiple obstacles and ID a target configuration to ID a path through the field to a target end point

AC tasks examples typically include what?

Tests of executive functioning. For example, this could include tests that involve cognitive flexibility, inhibition, switching, set shifting (think of a "Maze" test or the Stroop test).

What is an example of Gc - Listening Ability (LS)?

The examinee is presented with a picture and a set of instructions.

What is a task example of Gs - Pc?

The examinee is required to circle the pairs of letters with the same name as quickly as possible.

What is a task example of Gs - N?

The examinee is required to solve simple addition problems as quickly as possible.

What is a task example of Gs - Ps?

The examinee must identify from a series of pictures the one that matches the target picture as quickly as possible.

How is LS primarily measured?

Through speech-language batteries (also could be achievement batteries, but to a lesser extent).

maintaining and judging rhythm

U8; a narrow ability of Ga that includes the ability to recognize and maintain a musical beat

memory for sound patterns

UM; a narrow ability of Ga that includes the ability to retain (on a short-term basis) auditory codes such as tones, tonal patterns, or speech sounds

resistance to auditory stimulus distortion

UR; a narrow ability of Ga that includes the ability to hear words or extended speech passages correctly under conditions of distortion or background noise

speech-sound discrimination

US; a narrow ability of Ga that includes the ability to detect and discriminate differences in speech sounds (besides phonemes) under conditions of little or no distraction or distortion

What are the current narrow abilities under Gc?

VL, K0, LS

lexical knowledge

VL; a narrow ability of Gc that includes the knowledge of the definitions of words and the concepts that underlie; "vocabulary knowledge"

What are the current narrow abilities under Gv?

VZ, SR, IM, MV, SS

visualization

Vz; a narrow ability of Gv that includes the ability to perceive complex visual patterns and mentally stimulate how they might look when transformed (e.g., rotated, changed in size, partially obscured, etc.).

What are the current narrow abilities under Gwm?

WA, WV, WC, AC

writing speed (fluency)

WS; a narrow ability of Gs that includes the speed and fluency of generating or copying words or sentences; also listed under Grw and Gps

What is a task example of Gf - Induction?

an examinee is presented with a certain pattern of related stimuli and must select one of several stimuli that would complete or continue the pattern

What is a task example of Gf - Deduction?

an examinee is presented with an incomplete logic puzzle and must deduce the missing components following careful analysis of the presented stimuli

What is a task example of Gf - Quantitative Reasoning?

an examinee is presented with an incomplete series of related numbers and must select the number(s) that best complete the series

Gl states that we learn be through _____.

associations

AC

attentional control; a narrow ability of Gwm that is related primarily to Gwm and Gs tasks; however, AC is involved in tasks in other domains (e.g., Gf, Gv), but to a lesser extent

Ga

auditory processing

What is our overall general intelligence referred to as?

g

Gl

learning efficiency; the ability to learn, store, and consolidate new information over periods of time measured in minutes, hours, days, and years

Glr

long-term retrieval

What is a task example of Gwm - Wa?

memory for words, Digit Span Forward (specifically) of the WISC; An examinee is presented with a series of numbers orally and must repeat the numbers verbatim.

U8 and UM are facets of Ga classified under what? (speech or nonverbal)

nonverbal

Gr

our speed of lexical access (retrieval fluency); the rate at which individuals can access information stored in long-term memory

UM is also referred to as what?

phonological memory

Gs

processing speed

Gq

quantitative knowledge

What is a task example of Gr - NA?

rapid naming of letters and/or colors

Wa

short-term auditory storage; a narrow ability of Gwm that includes tests that were previously classified as "Memory Span"

inductive reasoning

the process of reasoning that moves from specific observations to broader generalizations - involves moving from specific to general - a "bottom-up" approach

deductive reasoning

the process of reasoning that starts from general statements to reach a logical conclusion; - involves moving from general to specific - a "top-down" approach - comparatively more difficult to use as we need facts that are definitely true

Gv

visual processing

Wv

visual-spatial short-term storage; a narrow ability of Gwm that also includes tests that were previously classified as "Memory Span"

Wc

working memory capacity; a narrow ability of Gwm that includes all tests previously classified as "Working Memory," regardless of whether the task stimuli was visual or auditory