Check Your Understanding Quiz 1

A patient with metastatic lung cancer wants to know her chances for survival. Which responses is correct? a. "Lung cancer has about a 15% survival rate." b. "Lung cancer is highly curable when diagnosed early." c. "Lung cancer is always fatal" d. "Lung cancer death rate has decreased significantly, as with all other cancers."

a. "Lung cancer has about a 15% survival rate."

The effects of excessive cortisol production include... a. immune suppression b. hypoglycemia c. inflammatory reactions d. anorexia

a. immune suppression

The cellular responses indicative of injury because of faulty metabolism is a. intracellular accumulations b. metaplasia c. lactate production d. hydropic swelling

a. intracellular accumulations

Retroviruses are associated with human cancers, including a. pancreatic cancer b. Burkitt lymphoma c. hepatic cancer d. Hodgkin's lymphoma

b. Burkitt lymphoma

All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except a. norepinephrine b. aldosterone c. cortisol d. epinephrine

b. aldosterone

Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer involve excessive production of substances by multiple means. A common substance found in excessive amounts resulting from cancer paraneoplastic syndromes is a. insulin b. calcium c. tumor necrosis factor d. potassium

b. calcium

Apoptosis is a process that results in cellular a. proliferation b. death c. mutation d. atrophy

b. death

In general, with aging, organ size and function a. remain the same b. decrease c. increase d. unknown

b. decrease

A disease that is native to a particular region is called a. pandemic. b. endemic c. epidemic. d. ethnographic.

b. endemic

Which is not normally secreted in response to stress? a. cortisol b. insulin c. epinephrine d. norepinephrine

b. insulin

After surgery to remove a lung tumor, your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy, which will a. have minimal side effects b. kill rapidly dividing cells c. stimulate immune cells to fight the cancer d. selectively kill tumor cells

b. kill rapidly dividing cells

The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is a. APC b. Rb c. P53 d. DCC

c. P53

A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of a. disease treatment b. tertiary prevention c. primary prevention d. secondary prevention

c. primary prevention

Carbon monoxide injuries cells by a. crystallization of cellular organelles b. promotion of free radicals c. reducing oxygen levels on hemoglobin d. destruction of cellular membranes

c. reducing oxygen levels on hemoglobin

An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of a. primary prevention. b. disease treatment. c. secondary prevention. d. tertiary prevention.

c. secondary prevention.

Selye's three phases of the stress response include all the following except a. allostasis b. exhaustion c. resistance d. alarm

a. allostasis

Cancer grading is based on a. cell differentiation b. tumor size c. metastasis d. local invasion

a. cell differentiation

The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is a. dysplasia b. metaplasia c. hyperplasia d. anaplasia

a. dysplasia

The primary adaptive purpose of the substance produced in the alarm stage is a. energy and repair b. invoke resting state c. produce exhaustion d. set a new baseline steady-state

a. energy and repair

Breast cancer in women who have the breast cancer gene a. occurs at an earlier age b. is more common than non-inherited breast c. is more responsive to treatment d. is more likely be unilateral

a. occurs at an earlier age

Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all of the following except a. pupil constriction b. increased peripheral resistance c. diaphoresis d. tachycardia

a. pupil constriction

After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of a. tertiary prevention b. disease treatment c. primary prevention d. secondary prevention

a. tertiary prevention

When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be idiopathic a. true b. false

a. true

The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is referred as... a. convalescence b. subclinical c. prodromal d. latent

b. subclinical

The nurse is swabbing a patient's throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must understand that test such as this differ in the probability that they will be positive for a condition when applied to a person with the condition; this probability is termed sensitivity. a. false b. true

b. true

Metaplasia... a. the transformation of a cell type to malignancy. b.the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another. c. the disorganization of cells into various sizes, shapes, and arrangements d. an irreversible cellular adaptation.

b.the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another

Proto-oncogenes a. lead to abnormal tumor-suppressor genes. b. result from severe mutational events. c. are normal cellular genes that promote growth. d. are the same as oncogenes.

c. are normal cellular genes that promote growth.

Your patient eats "lots of fat," leads a "stressful" life, and has smoked "about two packs a day for the last 40 years." Her chronic morning cough recently worsened, and she was diagnosed with a lung mass. The most likely contributing factor for development of lung cancer in this patient is a. high-fat diet b. stressful lifestyle c. cigarettes smoking d. urban pollutants

c. cigarettes smoking

The primary effect of aging on all body system is a. senility b. diseased function c. decreased functional reserve d. programmed senescence

c. decreased functional reserve

Of the statement below, the accurate statement regarding nutrition and cellular health is... a. the body can generally produce elements essential for nutritional balance b. obese individuals are generally nutritional healthy c. deficient cellular uptake by one cell type may contribute to excess nutrient delivery to other cell types d. a normal BMI indicates nutritional health

c. deficient cellular uptake by one cell type may contribute to excess nutrient delivery to other cell types

An increase in organ size and function due to increased workload is termed a. metaplasia b. inflammation c. hypertrophy d. atrophy

c. hypertrophy

Coagulative necrosis is caused by a. trauma or pancreatitis b. lung tissue damage c. interrupted blood supply d. dissolving of dead cells and cyst formation

c. interrupted blood supply

After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor, your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma. Thus, the tumor a. is benign b.. is secondary to cancer elsewhere in the body c. is malignant d. has spread

c. is malignant

Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by a. cortisol b. ACTH c. norepinephrine d. glucagon

c. norepinephrine

Somatic death refers to death a. secondary to brain damage b. of nerve cells c. of the entire organism d. of a body organ

c. of the entire organism

Your patient is schedules for a staging procedure. She wants to know what that means. The correct response is which of the following... a. it is based on exploratory surgery b. it is a biochemical testing of tumor cells to determine the genetic basis of the tumor c. it is a histologic examination of tissue to determine the degree of tumor differentiation d. it is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread

d. it is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread

Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____ necrosis. a. caseous b. coagulative c. fat d. liquefactive

d. liquefactive

The effect of stress on the immune system a. most often involves enhancement of the immune system b. is unknown c. has been demonstrated to be non-existent in studies d. may involve enhancement or impairment the immune system.

d. may involve enhancement or impairment the immune system.

A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of a. primary prevention b. tertiary prevention c. disease treatment d. secondary prevention

d. secondary prevention

C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.'s disease is a. a sore throat b. a genetic susceptibility c. pharyngitis d. streptococcal infection

d. streptococcal infection