Chem 103 final
For the ionic compound formed by the reaction of Ba and Se, the chemical formula would be _____ and the name is ____.
BaSe barium selenide
The secondary structure of silk is predominantly __________.
Beta-sheet
In a 3.2 M solution of Fe(ClO4)3, the concentration of (ClO4)1- is [x1] M.
Between 9.6 and 9.61
Which of the following represent true statements about trans fats? They are present in vegetable oils. They are produced in the process of partial hydrogenation. Their hydrocarbon chains pack well together like saturated fats. They do not come from animal sources. Their presence in food is regulated by the FDA. A trans fat is more stable than a cis fat.
-They are produced in the process of partial hydrogenation. -Their hydrocarbon chains pack well together like saturated fats. -They do not come from animal sources. -Their presence in food is regulated by the FDA. -A trans fat is more stable than a cis fat.
How many Cl atoms are present in an HFC molecule?
0
Converting from scientific notation to a regular number, 5.3 x 10-5 m would be written as _______ m.
0.000053
The text states that the odor of ozone can be detected in concentrations as low as 10 ppb. In which one of the following samples/situations would you not be able to smell ozone.
0.001 ppm ozone, the concentration of ozone in this classroom
The MCL for Pb2+ is 0.015 ppm this is equivalent to ______
0.015 mg/L
According to the Argonne National Laboratory study, in comparison to conventional gasoline production, corn ethanol production takes _____ times as much energy to generate 1 million BTU of energy at the pump.
0.60
H (hydrogen) makes how many bonds?
1
Identify the type of relationship between each of the following pairs as correlation, causation or no relationship: 1.Tons of coal burned; tons of CO2 emitted 2.National per capita income; per capita emission of CO2 3.Building a greenhouse; successfully raising seedlings
1. Correlation 2. Causation 3. No relationship
For the following incomplete half reaction equation: Pb (s) + SO42- (aq) → PbSO4 (s) 1. On which side should electron(s) be added to make it charge balanced (reactants or products)? 2. How many electrons should be added? (write a number) 3. Is this an example of oxidation or reduction?
1. Products 2. 2 3. Oxidation
For the following incomplete half reaction equation: PbO2 (s) + 4 H+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) → PbSO4 (s) + 2 H2O (l) 1. On which side should electron(s) be added to make it charge balanced (reactants or products)? 2. How many electrons should be added? (write a number) 3. Is this an example of oxidation or reduction?
1. Reactants 2. 2 3. Reduction
When guanine is oxidized, its DNA base pairing is disrupted, normally guanine base pairs to ______, after oxidation it base pairs to ______ which normally base pairs with ______.
1. cytosine 2.adenine 3. thymine
Identify the type of relationship between each of the following pairs as correlation, causation or no relationship: 1.Number of cigarettes smoked per day; increase in the incidence of lung cancer 2.Number of bonds between two O atoms; length of O-to-O bond 3.Buying a pair of rollerblades; breaking your leg
1.Correlation 2.Causation 3.No relationship
If the hydroxide concentration is 1x10-4 then the pH is
10
Calculate the area necessary in square feet to produce 1MW of power from a solar photovoltaic array operating at 10% efficiency. (No commas in answer, do not put your answer in scientific notation)
100000
How many moles of Neodymium (Nd) are needed to produce a 1 MW windmill?
1040
If the fleet-average MPG were to increase from 18 MPG to 43 MPG and our annual usage of petroleum for transportation were 28 EJ then our annual usage of petroleum for transportation would drop to
11.7
Based on the following periodic table, there are______protons in an atom of Aluminum (Al).
13
It would take [x1] AA alkaline batteries to store the same energy as a 2 oz Snickers bar (give your answer using 3 digits)
133
Which arrangement of wavelengths is ordered in increasing energy? 150 mm, 2.0 cm, 50 µm, 400 nm 150 mm, 400 nm, 2.0 cm, 50 µm 50 µm, 150 mm, 400 nm, 2.0 cm 2.0 cm, 50 µm, 400 nm, 150 mm
150 mm, 2.0 cm, 50 µm, 400 nm
Converting from scientific notation to a regular number, 1.5 x 105 mg would be written as
150000
he number of annual indoor air pollution deaths is 1.5 x 106 people. When converting this number from scientific notation to a regular number it would be written as _______ people
1500000
According to DOE's billion ton study, [x1] EJ of energy could be derived from biofuels
16-17
Based on the LLNL energy flow figure, reproduced below, [x1] quads of coal energy were used to produce electricity in the US in 2011
18.00
Sulfur needs to form (how many?) shared pairs (bonds) to get to a noble gas configuration.
2
The charge most commonly found on calcium (Ca) is [x1] (insert number).
2
The charge most commonly found on Ca is
2+
Every year in the US, we get 20.8 EJ of energy from coal. How many kg of carbon dioxide is produced from the combustion of that coal?
2.1 x 10^12 kg
The electronegativity difference between Fluorine (F) and Berylium (Be) is _______
2.5
For a 2.5 M solution of Mg(NO3)2, the concentration of the cation species is _________ M and the concentration of the anion species is _______ M.
2.5 5.0
In scientific notation 0.0025 is:
2.5x10-3
Which one of the following is a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of pentane (C5H10)
2C5H10 + 15O2 -> 10CO2 + 10H2O
Potassium reacts with hydrogen gas to form potassium hydride, KH. Which of the equations below correctly shows this reaction?
2K (s) + H2 (g) → 2KH (s)
Nitrogen makes _____ bonds
3
The oxidation state of Al in Al2O3 is
3
When Indium (In) forms ions the charge on In is _____
3+
The charge most commonly found on P is
3-
From the figure below, how much carbon is being added to the atmosphere each year?
3-4 GT
If coal combustion follows the following unbalanced chemical equation how many O2 molecules are consumed for every CO2 molecule formed (start by balancing the equation)
313 O2 per 270 CO2
Based on the LLNL energy flow figure, reproduced below, the energy efficiency of electricity generation is _____%
32.1
If the grand solar plan discussed in class generated 35% of our current US energy demand, it would generate [x1] EJ of energy (assume current energy useage=94.8 quad, 1 quad=1.055 EJ)
35
The acceptable limit for nitrate in water is 10 ppm. If a water sample has 350 mg/L of nitrate in it, this corresponds to a concentration of ________ppm. Is this under the acceptable limit? (yes or no)
350 ppm no
In class it was estimated that___ EJ of energy could be derived from Wind Power in the USA
36
If the hydronium concentration is 1x10-4 then the pH is
4
This unbalanced equation represents the last step in the production of the pure silicon for use in solar cells: ___ Mg (s) + ___ SiCl4 (l) → ___ MgCl2 (l) + ___ Si (s) How many electrons are transferred per atom of pure silicon formed? (write a number) In the above reaction, what is being reduced? What is being oxidized?
4 Si Mg
Based on the LLNL energy flow figure, reproduced below, [x1] quads of natural gas energy were used for residential applications in the US in 2011
4.8300
How many atoms are there in a single molecule of sucrose (C12H22O11)?
45
The oxidation state of Mo in MoO3 is
6
The molar mass of SO2 is [x1] (see question 8 for a periodic table)
64.0700
Use the attached table of bond energies to determine the energy of reaction for the complete combustion of one mole of methanol (CH4O). (remember to balance the equation first)
676 kJ
Based on the data in the EJ reserves table from the powerpoint slides , if the world burned 540 EJ/year from fossil fuels, it would take [x1] years to burn through the world's proved reserves. (answer to nearest year)
69
If 0.015 mg Pb2+ were added to enough water to make exactly 1 L of solution, the solution would be ____ in Pb2+
7.2x10-8
From DOE's billion ton study, what fraction of the total resource potential would derive from agricultural resources
72%
If the hydronium ion concentration is 1x10-8 then the pH is [x1]
8
In a properly balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of pentane (C5H12) (C5H12 + ___O2-->CO2+H2O the coefficient in front of O2 is
8
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are ____ times weaker than a N-O polar covalent bond
9
If the photosynthesis portion of the carbon cycle represents the world's capacity for generating biofuels (in addition to supplying food) what percentage of the world's biomass production would be needed to displace the 6 Gt/yr fossil fuel usage?
9.8%
Conventional cookstoves emit up to 0.09% carbon monoxide. What is that in ppm?
900 ppm
Which of the following is the correct equation for the complete combustion of heptane?
C7H16 (l) + 11 O2 (g) → 7 CO2 (g) + 8 H2O (l)
C16H34 could be cracked into C7H14 and
C9H20
Which one of the following does not contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer? CF4 CF2Cl2 CFCl3 C2F3Cl3
CF4
Which one of the following is not a direct source of acidic rain.
CH4
What is the chemical formula of the carbonate ion (including the charge)?
CO32-
Which of the following neutral atoms has 4 valence electrons?
Carbon
We (and most other living organisms) can not digest cellulose. Which of the following are reasons why?
Cellulose polymers are rigidly straight and the enzyme in us (amylase) fits and reacts with a bent structure
The correct formula for gallium (Ga) sulfate is ________
Ga2(SO4)3
For the ionic compound formed by the reaction of Ga and F, the chemical formula would be
GaF3
Of the following elements, which one could not be used as a dopant in a Si photovoltaic device As P Ge Ga Al
Ge
Which of the following is not an attribute of global warming -global warming involves IR (infrared) light -global warming is due to an enhanced greenhouse effect -carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are major players in global warming -global warming depletes the ozone layer
Global warming depletes the ozone layer (false)
Which one of the following is not a Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) discussed in class OH O2- O22- H2O
H2O
In which one of the following lists of molecules are the molecules arranged from highest boiling point to lowest
H2O, HF, NH3, H2Se, PH3
In the following equation which one of the compounds is acting as an acid H2SO4 + H2O --> HSO4- + H3O+
H2SO4
Which of the following equations correctly shows the neutralization of sulfuric acid by ammonium hydroxide?
H2SO4 (aq) + 2NH4OH (aq) → (NH4)2SO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l)
In the following equation which one of the compounds is acting as an acid HClO4 + H2O --> ClO4- + H3O+
HClO4
For the aqueous acid, HNO3 (aq) (nitric acid), which of the following chemical equations is correct?
HNO3 (aq) + H2O (l) → H3O+ (aq) + NO3- (aq)
What type of light is involved in the greenhouse effect?
IR (infrared)
Of the NSAIDS (nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs) that were discussed in the notes, which one do you think is most hydrophobic (fat soluble)?
Ibuprofen
If there is an error in the primary structure of a protein, which of the following could this affect?
the secondary structure of the protein the tertiary structure of the protein the quaternary structure of the protein the biological function of the protein
Which one of the following is not an attribute of CFC's: they are inert (not reactive) they are non-toxic they are non-volatile (do not escape into the atmosphere) they are refrigerants (used in refrigerators & air conditioners)
they are non-volatile (do not escape into the atmosphere)
Of the following, which one is the source of the most carbon emissions (energy useage) for the average American?
transportation
Of the four biological classes of compounds that we've studied, in which one is hydrogen bonding not important?
triglycerides
If you wanted to design an automobile that used one of the following as its fuel, which fuel would be the lightest for the same amount of energy
vegetable oil
Which one of the following is not a true statement about water purification. -water can be desalinated by reverse osmosis -water can be desalinated by distillation -water can be purified by carbonation (reacting with CO2)
water can be purified by carbonation (reacting with CO2) (false)
Which one of the following is not a true statement about water purification.
water can be purified by nitration
"Peak oil" is the concern that _____
we are rapidly running out of petroleum worldwide
What type of reaction is shown in the unbalanced equation below? C2H4(g) + O2(g) → CO(g) + H2O(g)
Incomplete combustion
Which one of the following is not a "plus" of solar energy
It destroys views
Tanning beds use light with a maximum wavelength of 320 nm. This radiation has:
More energy than IR radiation and more energy than radio waves
Which one of the following is not a hydrogen-bonding pattern
N---H-C
Which one of the following is not a source of acidic rain.
NH3
Which one of the following ions is not in Evian
NO2-
Which one of the following is not a product of a combustion reaction? CO2 CO O2 H2O
O2
Which one of the following is a secondary pollutant?
O3 (ozone)
A tripeptide made from the amino acids alanine, phenylalanine, and threonine is shown in this JSmol molecule (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. If the convention for naming peptides (and protein sequences) is the amino end first and the carboxylic acid end last, what is the correct name for this peptide?
Phe-Ala-Thr
Of the following electricity generating processes, which one does not involve H2O
Photovoltaic Power Plant
Of the fibers discussed in the notes that are formed through a condensation reaction, which one does not contain amide linkages?
Polyesters
Many proteins are soluble in water, yet they contain amino acid R groups that are hydrocarbon-like. For example, look at the structures of leucine (leu), isoleucine (ile), valine (val), or phenylalanine (phe). What is the likely explanation for how this is possible?
Proteins fold up so that the hydrocarbon parts are inside surrounded by parts of the protein that contain more water soluble hydrogen bonding groups on the outside (much like the way soaps and dispersants work).
Which one of the following pairs does not participate in hydrogen bonding
S-H..O
The average pH of precipitation in New Hampshire and Vermont is low, even though these states have relatively fewer cars and virtually no industry that emits large quantities of air pollutants. Why is this?
SO2 and NOX emissions from sources in nearby states are carried by the wind to Vermont and New Hampshire
Which one of the following US wind farms has the largest capacity
Shepherds Flat
Of the energy topics we've covered this semester, which one does not impact our water supply
Solar PV
When comparing a renewable energy source such as corn ethanol, which one of the following is not considered a factor that needs to be counted as an energy drain (a negative) on the biofuel side?
The energy to feed the farmer
Which one the following is not an example of a condensation reaction? -The reaction of glucose and fructose to form sucrose. -The reaction of fatty acids and glycerol to form a triglyceride. -The reaction of cellulose and water in the presence of cellulase to form glucose.
The reaction of cellulose and water in the presence of cellulase to form glucose.
One reagent bottle on the shelf in a laboratory is labeled 12M H2SO4 and another is labeled 12 M HCl, which statement is true?
There are more grams of H2SO4 in 100 mL of 12 M H2SO4 compared to the grams of HCl in 100 mL of 12 M HCl.
Vitamins A, C and E are termed antioxidants. What does that mean?
They are good reducing agents
A premium gasoline available at most stations has an octane rating of 92. What does this tell you about the knocking characteristics of this gasoline?
This fuel has knocking characteristics similar to a mixture of 92% isooctane and 8% n-heptane
We've talked about molecules of life being utilized in fibers. Of the molecules of life listed below, which one is not used in natural fibers?
Triglycerides
Lead can leach into drinking water from solder for copper pipes.
True
Most of the light used in tanning beds is classified as:
UV-A light
If the vitamins listed below that were discussed in the lecture and whose structures are on the slides, which one is most fat soluble?
Vitamin E
Does jogging outdoors increase your exposure to pollutants, relative to sitting indoors, why or why not?
While jogging one takes more breaths per minutes increasing the volume of air that passes through one's lungs thereby increasing the number of pollutant molecules that one's lung tissue is exposed to and thereby increasing one's exposure.
Of the natural fibers, listed below, that were discussed in the notes which one is not predominantly cellulose?
Wool
Which of the following is not a part of the primary structure of DNA?
a fatty acid
Which one of the following is not one of the ways we can burn less gasoline?
accelerate to the speed limit more quickly
If the pH of a solution is 4, then the solution is
acidic
If the hydroxide concentration is 1x10-9 then the hydronium ion concentration is 1x10 The pH of this solution would be: pH =
acidic 3
Which one of the following is not a reason by air moves (wind)
air moves from south to north
When C16H34 is cracked into C7H14 and a second product, the second product is an:
alkane
Radioactive decay is accompanied by a change in the mass number, a change in the atomic number, a change in both, or a change in neither. What types of change(s) are expected for the following types of radioactive decay? alpha emission beta emission gamma emission
alpha: change in both atomic and mass number beta: change in atomic number gamma: neither
Of the following materials that we recycle, which one saves the most energy (reduced CO2 emissions) when we recycle it
aluminum
Of the following with is not a major constituent of wood
amyl pectin
Of the following, which one is not an energy input for corn ethanol production
animal feeds
In a battery the_______is the electrode where oxidation takes place
anode
If the pH of a solution is 8, then the solution is
basic
Which one of the following is not a major fossil fuel?
carbon dioxide (CO2)
In a battery the ______ is the electrode where reduction takes place
cathode
The Lead we are concerned about is present in drinking water as which ion:
cation, +2 charge
East coast acid rain is largely due to burning
coal
Rank order CO2 emission from fossil fuels: gasoline coal natural gas
coal >> gasoline > natural gas
What is the purpose of adding BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) to processed food?
decrease the amount of reactive oxygen species in food to prevent spoilage (i.e. it reduces the ROS)
For the following reaction: 3 CO + 7 H2 → C3H8 + 3 H2O This reaction is:
exothermic
One way to produce ethanol for use as a gasoline additive is the reaction of water vapor with ethylene: CH2=CH2 (g) + H2O (g) → CH3CH2OH (l) Is this reaction endothermic or exothermic?
exothermic
If cashews contain more kJ/g than walnuts then cashews contain more _______ that walnuts do
fat
Of the three types of molecules of life listed below, which one has the highest energy content per gram?
fats
Of the four classes of molecules of life that we discussed at the beginning of the semester, which two are being used as biofuels (check 2 boxes)
fats/fatty acids carbohydrates/sugars
Using the food emissions chart (below) and what you know about the energy content of macronutrients (table in question 19) are there more emissions per kJ for fish (protein) or butter (fat)?
fish (protein)
Of the following energy loss mechanisms in the average house, which one contributes the most to lost energy
floors, walls, and celings
West coast acid rain is largely due to burning
gasoline
Which one of the following is not involved in refining crude oil to gasoline? hybridizing distillation reforming catalytic cracking
hybridizing
When NH4NO3 dissolves in water, the NO3- ions are attracted to the ______
hydrogen ends of the H2O molecules
Exposure to ionizing radiation can cause cancer, yet a beam of ionizing radiation can also be used to cure certain types of cancer. Why is this?
if the energy of the ionizing radiation is high enough, it will kill cancer cells
Which of the following is not an effect of acid rain?
increased deposition of nutrients in soils
We use water to heat and cool things because ________
intermolecular hydrogen bonding takes a lot of energy to break
The natural greenhouse effect _______________
involves light being absorbed by certain molecules in the atmosphere and the light then being radiated back toward the the earth's surface
Which one of the following is not a plus/advantage for oil/petroleum?
it does not emit CO2
Which one of the following is not a "plus" of coal
it has a lower energy content than petroleum
Which one of the following is not a "minus" of natural gas it is "clean" due to a a high energy content it is a gas (difficult to ship) it does emit CO2 its combustion does still generate NO2
it is "clean" due to a a high energy content
Once released into the atmosphere, SO2 is likely to react with oxygen to form SO3. What can happen next if the SO3 encounters water droplets?
it will form H2SO4 (aq)
Once released into the atmosphere, the SO2 is likely to react with oxygen to form SO3. What can happen next if the SO3 encounters water droplets?
it will form H2SO4 (aq)
Which one of the following is not a disadvantage of using wind power.
large quantities of water are used in the operation of windmill turbines
Of the phantom loads of household devices, which one uses the most electricity
laser printers, on
Which one of the following is not one of the top three uses/users of energy? residential/commercial medicine industrial transportation
medicine
If lignin has an energy content of 33 kJ/g, where does it fit in in terms of energy content?
methane (naturalgas)>gasoline>fats>lignin>coal>carbohydrates (sugar)
Of the following foods, which contributes the least to CO2 emissions (energy use)
milk
Based upon electrongativity, in bonds between Oxygen (O) and Carbon (C) the oxygen is ____
negatively charged
The light used in tanning beds is: breaking O=O bonds in oxygen gas breaking O-O bonds in ozone breaking C-C bonds in diamond none of the above
none of the above
A Quad is ___________
one quadrillion BTU (British Thermal Units)
Match the correct process occurring with each reaction: Fe → Fe2+ + 2 e- Ni4+ + 2 e- → Ni2+ 2 H2O + 2 e- → H2 + 2 OH-
oxidation reduction reduction
When CaSO4 dissolves in water the Ca2+ ions are attracted to the ________
oxygen ends of the H2O molecules
When MgSO4 dissolves in water, the Mg2+ ions are attracted to the ______
oxygen ends of the H2O molecules
Which one of the following is not one of the ways that carbon gets into the atmosphere? burning fossil fuels ozone layer depletion deforestation respiration
ozone layer depletion
Data collected on a flight over Antarctica showed that the concentration of ozone had an inverse relationship to the concentration of chlorine (see notes). This one set of data means that:
ozone loss is correlated to increased chlorine
Of the five polymeric materials that make up the "big six" recyclable polymers, which one is not an addition polymer?
polyethylenetherphthalate (PET)
Of the following which is not a difference between DNA and RNA
polypeptide chain versus polysaccharide chain
Based on electronegativity, in bonds between Nitrogen (N) and Oxygen (O) the nitrogen is _________
positively charged
In the following equation H3O+ is being _____. 2 H3O+ + 2 e- -> H2+ 2 H2O
reduced
In the following equation Mn3+ is being __________. Mn3+ + 1 e--> Mn2+
reduced
Of the processes involving DNA/RNA listed below that we've discussed, which one does not involve RNA
replication
As discussed in this course, which of the following lists of "renewable" energy options orders them in order of decreasing potential contribution to our energy need (decreasing amount).
solar>wind>increased MPG>biofuels
Which is a better source of energy, soybeans or wheat?
soybeans
Certain UV photons can break chemical bonds, and IR photons can cause vibrations in the bonds, so which of these photons has higher energy?
the UV photon
Why do combustion reactions give off energy?
the bonds between the atoms of most elements to oxygen are stronger than the bonds between atoms of the elements themselves
Which one of the following is not an important factor in climate models? -the concentration of N2 in the atmosphere -the ratio of reflected to incident radiation at the surface of the earth -photosynthesis -the equilibrium between gaseous and dissolved CO2 carbonic_acid_equilibria.png
the concentration of N2 in the atmosphere
The quaternary structure of proteins is ______.
the interactions between amino acids in different protein polymer chains within the same protein
The secondary structure of a protein is ________.
the local 3-D structure of a protein polymer chain (inside an amino acid)
In an atom of an element, which of the following are always equal?
the number of electrons and the number of protons
For a chemical equation, which one of the following does not need to remain the same when comparing all of the reactants to all of the products?
the number of molecules
The primary structure of proteins is ______.
the ordering of amino acids in the protein polymer chain
Based on electronegativity, we say that the oxygen in a B-O bond is partially negative, this is because _________.
the oxygen has gained electrons from the boron
If you had to heat your house with 100 kilograms of one of the following, which one would supply you the least heat?
wood
If the hydronium ion concentration is 1x10-5 then the hydroxide ion concentration is 1x10^____
-9
If the hydroxide concentration is 1x10-9 then the hydronium ion concentration is 1x10^_____
-5
Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. The charge on an electron is ____.
-1
The charge most commonly found on Selenium (Se) is [x1] (insert number).
-2
The oxidation state of nitrogen in Mg3N2 is
-3
For the ionic compound formed by the reaction of aluminum (Al) and nitrogen (N), the chemical formula is
Al3N
Lead can be removed from drinking water by boiling.
False
Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is not radioactive.
False
Which of the following is/are benefits to reducing the amount of acid rain in the United States?
Forests will better survive droughts
In the following chemical equation ______ is acting as a base LiOH + H2O --> Li+ + OH- + H2O
LiOH
Which one of the following is not one of the ways that ethanol can be produced from biomass material?
Lye decomposition of fats
Which is the correct arrangement of types of radiation when ordered in decreasing energy per photon?
X-rays, ultraviolet light, microwave radiation, radio waves
The solubility concept like dissolves like is not involved in which one of the following
digestion of cellulose
Proved reserves are: (mark all that apply)
discovered, economically viable, and still remaining in the ground
In a battery _____ flow from the anode to the cathode
electrons
Which one of the following is not a true statement about energy?
energy transformations occur without any loss (are 100% efficient)
Based on what you know about the 3-D placement of electron pairs in water, the arrangement of polar covalent bonds + intermolecular hydrogen bonds in water is _______
tetrahedral
The geometry about carbon when it makes bonds to four other atoms is ________
tetrahedral
