Chem 113 SB: 17.9-17.10 (

what is the only strong polyprotic acid?

H₂SO₄

The pH of a salt solution containing a small, highly charged metal cation is influenced by the hydrolysis reaction of the metal ion. Which of the following statements correctly explain the hydrolysis reaction of these metal cations? Select all that apply. A. A hydrated metal ion produces an acidic solution because the metal ion withdraws electron density from the O-H bond, facilitating loss of H+. B. A small, highly charged metal cation can accept H+ ions from a water molecule. C. A hydrated metal ion produces an acidic solution by bonding to OH in the H2O molecules in solution. D. Small, highly charged metal cations accept electron pairs from water molecules and form hydrated ions.

A and D A. A hydrated metal ion produces an acidic solution because the metal ion withdraws electron density from the O-H bond, facilitating loss of H+. D. Small, highly charged metal cations accept electron pairs from water molecules and form hydrated ions.

Which of the following anions will produce a neutral solution in water? Select all that apply, and assume that any associated cations do not affect the pH. A. NO₃⁻ B. F⁻ C. Cl⁻ D. I⁻

A. NO₃⁻ C. Cl⁻ D. I⁻

Which of the following statements accurately describe the characteristics of polyprotic acids? Select all that apply. A. Polyprotic acids are generally weak acids. B. Polyprotic acids usually lose all ionizable protons in a single step. C. In general Ka3 > Ka2 > Ka1. D. A polyprotic acid has more than one ionizable proton. E. In calculations involving polyprotic acids we generally only take into account H3O+ formed from the first ionization.

A. Polyprotic acids are generally weak acids. D. A polyprotic acid has more than one ionizable proton. E. In calculations involving polyprotic acids we generally only take into account H3O+ formed from the first ionization.

A salt consisting of a small, highly charged metal cation and the anion of a strong acid yields a(n) _____ solution.

Acidic

Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of polyprotic acids? A. Polyprotic acids ionize in a stepwise fashion. B. A polyprotic acid has more than one ionizable proton. C. Polyprotic acids are generally strong acids in their first ionization. D. In general Ka₁> Ka₂> Ka₃.

C. Polyprotic acids are generally strong acids in their first ionization.

For polyprotic (and diprotic) acids, each releasable hydrogen has its own ______ __________

Ka value

You usually only have to use _______ for pH of a polyprotic acid because it is the _________ source of H₃O⁺

Ka₁; dominant

Salt hydrolysis

The reaction of a salt's constituent ions with water to produce either hyrdroxide ions or hydronium ions

Increasing CO₂ in the atmosphere increases ______ in oceans and dissolves _________________

[H₃O⁺]; CaCO₃ (seashells)

The conjugate base in the first ionization is the ___________ in the second ionization of a diprotic acid

acid

A salt in which the cation is the conjugate _____ of a weak _____ will produce a acidic solution. (Assume that the cation does not hydrolyze.)

acid; base

A salt in which the cation is the conjugate acid of a weak base will be ______. (Assume that the anion does not hydrolyze.)

acidic

If Ka (of the salt's cation) > Kb (of the salt's anion), the solution is

acidic

When Kb<Ka, the solution is

acidic

When the cation of a salt is the conjugate acid of a weak base, a solution of the salt will be _________

acidic

The metal ion in a dissolved salt can also react with water to produce and ___________ solution. The extent of hydrolysis is greatest for the ________ and ________ charged metal cations.

acidic; small; highly

Kb represents the salt's

anion

A salt consisting of the _____ of a strong acid and the _____ of a strong base yields a neutral solution.

anion; cation

A salt in which the anion is the conjugate _____ of a weak _____ will produce a basic solution. (Assume that the cation does not hydrolyze.)

base, acid

If Ka (of the salt's cation) < Kb (of the salt's anion), the solution is

basic

Sodium flouride is a salt that dissolves to give a ___________ solution.

basic

When Kb>Ka, the solution is

basic

__________ can be protonated, _______ the amount of calcium carbonate that dissolves

carbonate; increasing

CO₂ reacts with water to form ________ ________. This makes natural rain _______ ________

carbonic acid; slightly acidic

Ka represents the salt's

cation

as carbonic acid dissociates in water, it ____________ the pH

decreases

The pH of salt solutions can be qualitatively predicted by....

determining which ions facilitate hydrolysis

For a given acid, the _______ ionization constant is the largest, then the _______ and so on

first, secon

why is the amount of CO₂ dissolved in the oceans increasing?

fossil fuel consumption and sources of CO₂ are increasing. The partial pressure of CO₂ in the atmosphere is increasing, causing the amount of CO₂ dissolved in oceans to incease

When an ionic compound dissociates in water, the separated ions may react with H₂O to produce H₃O⁺ or OH⁻ ions. This process, known as salt _________, may affect the _________ of the salt solution

hydrolysis; pH

In general, an anion that is the conjugate base of a weak acid reacts with water to produce _________ ___________

hydroxide ion

Salt hydrolysis occurs when...

ions produced by the dissociation of a salt reacts with water to produce either hydroxide ions or hydronium ions

For a given acid, the first ionization constant is the _______, then the second and so on

largest

For a polyprotic acid, pKa₁ is greater/less than pKa₂?

less than

For a given acid, the first ionization constant is ______ ________ than the second ionization constant, and so on

much larger

A salt composed of the cation of a strong base and the anion of a strong acid, such as NaCl, produces a __________ solution

neutral

When Kb=Ka, the solution is

neutral or nearly neutral

If the reaction produces a strong acid, will there be a change in pH?

no

can molecular strong acids be a product in a reaction?

no, the ionize completely

Hydrated _____ metal cations act as weak acids because these metal ions are so successful at withdrawing electron density from the O-H bond of water, thus facilitating the loss of H+ to the solvent water to form H₃O⁺.

small, highly charged

Weak acid -> ________ conjugate base

strong

Weak base -> ________ conjugate acid

strong

A diprotic polyprotic acid undergoes ____________ ionizations, losing...

successive; one proton at a time

The titration of H₂A with NaOH will have ______ equivalence point(s)

two

Salt hydrolysis occurs when ions produced by the dissociation of a salt reacts with ______ to produce either ________ ions or __________ ions

water; hydroxide; hydronium

Strong acid -> ________ conjugate base

weak

Strong base -> ________ conjugate acid

weak

Basic salts are the conjugates of ______ _______

weak acids

Acidic salts are the conjugates of ______ _______

weak bases