CHEM 1211 : EXAM 2
Formula for Formula Mass
( # or atoms of 1st elements x atomic mass ) + ( # of 2nd element x atomic mass)
Formula of Percent Yield
(actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100
To name OXYANIONS WITH ENDINGS OF - ATE , write base name of oxyanion + ? and finally acid.
- ic
To name BINARY acids , write hydro + base name of nonmetal + ? and finally acid.
-ic
To name OXYANIONS WITH ENDINGS OF -ITE , write oxyanion base name + ? and finally acid
-ous
List all 7 Strong Acid Chemical formula and Name.
1. HCl = hydrochloric acid 2. HBr = hydrobromic acid 3. HI = hydroiodic acid 4. HClO4 = perchloric acid 5. HNO3 = nitric acid 6. H2SO4 = sulfuric acid
List all 9 Alkanes
1. Methane 2. Ethane 3. Propane 4. Butane 5. Pentane 6. Hexane 7. Heptane 8. Octane 9. Nonane 10. Decane
List NONMETALS IN ORDER , name element and oxidation numbers (rule 6)
1.Fluorine -1 2. Hydrogen +1 3. Oxygen -2 4. Group 7a -1 5. Group 6a -2 6. Group 5a -3
HC2H3O2 acid / base ( which type)
Acetic acid WEAK ACID
When you add a Strong acid and a strong base and it produces water is what type of reaction?
Acid - Base Naturalization Reaction
molecular cmpds that form ions when dissolved in H2O
Acids
molecular compounds that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water are called what
Acids
NH3 acid or base ( which type)
Ammonium WEAK BASE
Ba (OH)2 acid or base
Barium hydroxide base
Ca(OH)2 acid / base
Calcium hydroxide base
Process in which a substance(s) are changed into one or more new substance(s)
Chemical Reaction
What is the appropriate name for this hydrate: CuSO4 * 5H2O
Copper ( II) Sulfate pentahydrate
In Reduction phase , there is a increase / decrease of oxidation state
DECREASE
realses 2 H+ ions .
Diprotic acids
substances that , when dissolved in water , result in a solution that can conduct electricity .
Electrolyte
refers to the point at which an indicator changes color , indicating the equivalence point has been reached.
End point
Reactants that do not limit the amount of product .
Excess
True or False: Most molecular compounds including acids dissolve in water as intact molecules .
FALSE!! --- Most molecular compounds dissolve in water as intact molecules EXCEPT ACIDS .
Define the average mass of a molecule or formula unit of a compound
Formula Mass
2 aqueous solutions mix to form a gaseous product that bubbles out of solution.
Gas - evolving reaction
Sulfides produce what type of gas?
H2S
Name an example of an acid .
HCl
What is Hydrochloric Acid (aq) chemical symbol?
HCl (aq)
contain a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula unit are called
Hydrates
HBr acid / base
Hydrobromic acid acid
HCl acid / base
Hydrochloric acid
According to to Arrhenus definition , and ACID is a substance that produces ------ ions in solution
Hydrogen (H+)
HCl ( g) is written as ?
Hydrogen Chloride
HI acid / base
Hydroiodic acid acid
According to Arrhenius definition , a BASE is a substance that produces ------ ions in water .
Hydroxide (OH-)
In Oxidation phase , there is a increase / decrease of oxidation state.
INCREASE
How are Acids Classified ?
If it is a Strong Acid or Weak Acid
the reactant that limits the amount of product in a chemical reaction.
Limiting Reactant
When calculating the Molarity of a substances , volume is ALWAYS written in what unit
Liter ( L)
LiOH acid / base
Lithium hydroxide base
Formula for Dilution
M1V1=M2V2
Mass in grams of 1 Mole of its molecule or formula units
Molar Mass
Represented in grams per mole is equal to the elements atomic mass in atomic mass units (amu)
Molar Mass
HNO3 acid / base
Nitric acid acid
Substances that do not conduct electricity when dissolved in water
Non electrolyte
the loss of electrons
Oxidation
reactions in which electrons transfers from one reactant to another
Oxidation-Reduction (REDOX) Reactions
A substance that causes oxidation of another substance
Oxidizing agent
HClO4 acid or base
Perchloric acid acid
Which one of the following is a triprotic acid ? - Phosphoric Acid - Sulfuric acid - chloric acid - hydrofluoric acid - nitric acid
Phosphoric acid written as H3PO4 , it is triprotic because it contains 3 hydronium ions attached to it .
contain more than one ionizable proton and release them sequentially.
Polyprotic acids
a substance that causes reduction of another substance
Reducing agent
NaOH acid / base
Sodium hydroxide base
homogeneous mixture of 2 substances (ex=> salt water)
Solution
In a Solution , the majority component is the ------- and the minimum component is the -------.
Solvent Solute
completely ionize in solution
Strong Acids
are assumed to have 100% disassociation in H2O
Strong Electrolytes
a substance in a solution of known concentration is reacted with another substance in a solution of unknown concentration
Titration
True or False : Acids are composed of hydrogen and 1 or more nonmetals
True
True or False; the following statement(s) are correct pertaining to solutions ; the number of moles of solute does not change when a concentrated solution is diluted
True
True or false: the transfer of electrons does not have to be complete transfer (ionic compounds)
True
do not ionize significantly in water and are weak electricity
Weak Acids
the amount of product actually produced by a chemical reaction and is AWAYS equal or less than theoretical yield
actual yield ( experimental yield)
- organic hydrogen chains ; entirely single- bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms
alkanes
Formula for Molarity
amount of solute (in mol) / Volume of solution ( in L)
In a chemical equation , what is typically in the middle to indicate a reaction is taking place?
an arrow
Acids are CATEGORIZED by
binary acids and oxyacids
You can figure out the Oxidation states of a element by what ?
by using their oxidation numbers
How do scientist express concentration?
by writing (M) , Molarity
Which one of the following is a weak electrolyte? a) HNO3 b) HClO4 c) HF d) HI
c) HF
When a solution contains a large amount of solute relative to the solvent
concentrated solution
a solution contains a small amount of solute relative to the solvent
dilute solution
the point where the number of moles of a ion added , equals the number of another ion . This indicates the completion of the titration
equivalence point
An aqueous Solution HCl is named?
hydrochloric acid
HF acid / base ( which type)
hydrofluoric acid WEAK ACID
Binary acids are composed of
hydrogen and nonmetal
Oxyacids are composed of
hydrogen and oxyanions
The limiting reagent ( Limiting reactant) in a chemical reaction is one that
is consumed completely
In a chemical equation , reactants are on which side?
left side
What is appropriate name for this hydrate: MgSO4 * 7H2O
magnesium sulfate heptahydrate
Formula for Mass Percent Composition
mass of element in 1 mole of compound / molar mass of compounds x 100 %
an atom in a compound is the "charge" it would have if all shaped electrons were assigned to the atom with the greatest attraction for those electrons
oxidation numbers
the percentage of the theoretical yield obtained
percent yield
KOH acid / base
potassium hydroxide base
Carbonates and Bicarbonates products and gas produce?
product: H2CO3 gas: CO2
Sulfites and Bisulfites products and gas produce?
product: H2SO4 gas: SO2
Ammonium products and gas produce?
product: NH4OH gas: NH3
Gain of electrons
reduction
In a chemical equation , products are on which side?
right side
maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature
solubility
The attractive forces that hold the solid together
solute - solute interaction
the attractive forces between the solvent molecules and the particles that compose the solid
solvent-solute interaction
store solution in a concentrated form
stock solution
H2SO4 acid / base
sulfuric acid acid
Acids are CHARACTERIZED by what?
their sour taste and ability to dissolve many metals
the maximum amount of product that can be made based on the amount of limiting reactant
theoretical yield
What happens to ionic compounds when they dissolve in water?
they dissociate into their component ions