CHEM - CH. 9 SB

A ___________-____________ product is fabricated from different percentages and types of recycled materials.

recycled content

What is the most common monomer arrangement for PVC, PP, and PS?

repeating head to tail

Covalent bonds, which govern chemical changes in molecular substances, consist of shared electron pairs. These bonds are ______ than intermolecular forces, which govern the physical changes of molecular substances.

stronger

Which of the following options correctly describe "n" in any polymerization reaction? See the accompanying equation for a representation of a general polymerization reaction.

"n" specifies the length of the polymer. "n" indicates the number of molecules of monomer that react.

Which of the following statements correctly describe proteins?

20 different monomers can be combined in any ratio to form the polymer. Monomers are joined through condensation polymerization.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the peptide bond?

A peptide bond is formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another. Each amino acid can form at least two peptide bonds.

Match the structure of each functional group correctly to its name.

A: carboxylic acid B: phenyl C: alcohol D: ester E: amine F: amide

Match each monomer structure correctly with its name.

A: ethylene B: vinyl chloride C: propylene D: styrene

Which of the following options correctly describe amino acids?

An amino acid has an amine group and a carboxylic acid functional group bonded to a carbon. Twenty amino acids occur naturally.

The main disadvantage of incinerating synthetic polymers is the production of _____, a greenhouse gas. In addition, incineration of polymers such as PVC can produce _____, which can contribute to acid rain. Burning plastics can also produce toxic gases and the ashes from incineration can contain heavy metals.

CO2 HCI

Which of the following options correctly describe the recycling of plastics?

Codes on plastic containers help to separate different types of polymers. Once sorted, plastics are melted.

Which of the following statements correctly outline the advantages of incinerating synthetic polymers?

Combustion of synthetic polymers produces a large amount of energy. Synthetic polymers are chiefly hydrocarbons and are therefore readily combustible.

Which of the following statements correctly describe polystyrene?

Crystal polystyrene is hard and brittle. Expandable polystyrene is light and a good thermal insulator.

Which of the following options correctly describe eco-friendly polymers?

Eco-friendly polymers are made from materials such as wood, cotton, starch, and sugar. Eco-friendly polymer waste decomposes easily. Eco-friendly polymers have been used in automobile parts.

Match each polymer type with its appropriate physical properties.

LDPE - translucent. soft and flexible HDPE - more rigid, tough, dense PVC - Rigid, resistant to most chemicals PS - Somewhat brittle, rigid, dissolves in many organic solvents PP - Opaque, very tough PETE - Transparent, strong, shatter-resistant

Match each type of polymer correctly to its acronym

LDPE: Low density Polyethylene HDPE: High density Polyethylene PVC: Polyvinyl chloride PS: Polystryrene PP: Polypropylene PETE/PET: Polyethylene terephthalate

What forces cause polyethylene to be a solid material?

London dispersion forces

Which of the following statements correctly describe true recycling?

True recycling needs to be marketed in order to have a consumer base for the products produced. True recycling involves a closed loop where materials are collected, sorted, and converted into consumer products that are later recycled. True recycling requires synergy by many different people and agencies.

Ethylene is not classified as a pollutant but it can nonetheless still be categorized as which of the following?

VOC

Which of the following options correctly describe condensation polymerization?

When the monomers of a condensation polymer combine a small molecule is eliminated. Nylon is an example of a condensation polymer.

Correctly identify each marked functional group in the molecule shown, which is an intermediate in the polymerization of polyethylene terephthalate.

a - carboxylic acid b - phenyl c - ester d - alcohol

Five of the "big six" polymers undergo _____ polymerization.

addition

An amino acid contains a(n) _____ and a(n) _____.

carboxylic acid amine

Polymers that are formed by a combination of functional groups such that a small molecule (e.g., water) is eliminated are known as ______ polymers.

condensation

The repeating head-to-tail monomer arrangement is the most common for PVC, PP, and PS. This arrangement provides more _____ regions in the polymer.

crystalline

Polymers can possess different regions, which are characterized by the degree of order in the polymer chains. Regions of the polymer that are very ordered are called _____ regions, whereas regions of the polymer that are very disordered are called _____ regions.

crystalline amorphous

What type of forces are a result of an attraction between molecules due to a distortion in the electron cloud, which causes an uneven distribution of negative charge?

dispersion forces

An addition polymer is formed when two monomers containing ________ bonds react in the presence of a(n) _________ initiator.

double radical

Which of the following are different forms of polystyrene?

expandable crystal

Which of the following physical properties is associated with a polymer that possesses amorphous regions?

flexibility

A phenyl group ______.

has the formula -C6H5 is composed of a 6-membered ring of carbon atoms

Ethylene is the smallest member in the family of _____ containing a carbon-carbon _____ bond.

hydrocarbons double

Dispersion forces are a type of _____ force that causes an attraction between molecules that results from a distortion of the _____ cloud that causes an uneven distribution of charge.

intermolecular electron

In a molecular substance, the covalent bonds between the atoms hold the individual molecule together as a unit and may be referred to as ______ forces. The nonbonding forces of attraction between one individual molecule and another are called ______ forces.

intramolecular intermolecular

The coefficient "n" preceding a reactant in a polymerization reaction (see illustration) represents the number of ___________ of monomer that react. See equation for a representation of a general polymerization reaction.

molecules

Fill in the blank question. The small repeating units used to synthesize polymers are called

monomers

A protein is a _____ polymer made up of monomers called _____.

natural amino acids

Sustainable packaging ______.

optimizes the use of renewable or recycled source materials is safe and healthy for individuals throughout its life cycle is recovered effectively after use

The bond between one amino acid and another (shown) is called a(n) _____ bond. This type of bond is an example of the _____ functional group.

peptide amide

The term _____ is sometimes used as a synonym for synthetic polymer.

plastic

A compound that is added in small amounts to make a polymer more soft and pliable is called a(n) _____.

plasticizer

The backbone of both proteins and nylon are linked by the same functional group making them both _____.

polyamides

A molecule made up of many repeating units linked together is called a(n) _______, while the repeating units are called _______.

polymer monomers

Match each polymer with the correct description of its structure and properties.

Proteins have - 20 different monomers PET has - 2 different monomers amides - link protein monomers together esters - link PET monomers together

Which of the following options correctly describe biodegradable polymers?

Some biodegradable polymers do not degrade in landfills due to the lack of oxygen and microorganisms. Biodegradable polymers contain monomers that create weak spots in the polymer chain.

Why are biodegradable polymers not currently widely employed?

The environmental impacts of degrading biodegradable polymers are unclear.

Which of the following options correctly describe addition polymers?

The monomers of addition polymers usually contain a C=C double bond. The formation of an addition polymer often involves a radical initiator.

Which of the following structural properties are associated with LDPE?

The polyethylene chain is branched. Molecules of this polymer consist of 500 monomeric units.

Which of the following options correctly describe a polymer?

The prefix poly indicates that a polymer is made up of many smaller units. A polymer is made up of repeating units called monomers. Polymers have high molecular masses.

Which of the following options correctly describe the properties of ethylene?

Ethylene is flammable. Ethylene is a colorless gas. Ethylene is produced at oil refineries.

Match each polymer correctly with the monomer used to make it

PE - Ethylene PVC/V - Vinyl chloride PS - Styrene PP - Propylene PETE/PET - Ethylene glycol

Which type of synthetic polymer is the most recycled in terms of millions of pounds?

PET

Which of the following options correctly describe the applications of the big six polymers?

PP is used in the manufacture of carpeting. PS is used to fabricate food wrap.

Which of the following polymers are formed through addition polymerization?

PVC PP PS LDPE HDPE

Which of the following options correctly describe plasticizers?

PVC commonly contains plasticizers. Plasticizers disrupt the regular packing of polymer molecules.

Which of the following statements correctly describe/define the word plastic?

Plastic is sometimes used a synonym for synthetic polymer. Plastic is both an adjective and a noun.