Chem Chp 1-3
electron configuration with charges
- (+) minus - (-) add
how to determine amount of protons, neutrons and electrons of an isotope ex 133^Cs
- 133 = mass number - Cs has atomic # of 55 > 55 protons and 55 electrons - 133 = 55 + x to find 78 neutrons
what orbtal electron config is not possible
4p^7
How many electrons are shared between two atoms in a triple bond?
6 electrons. Two electrons shared between two atoms in an individual bond, therefore triple bond 2 × 3 = 6 electrons are shared.
what is a physical change
A change in the state/property of matter w/o any accompanying change in chemical identities ex: water is boiled in a microwave
The first five ionization energies of an element are as follows (in kJ/mol): 577.9, 1820, 2750, 11600, 14800. Which of the following elements is most likely to have these ionization energy values?
Al - large increase in ionization energies from third to fourth ionization suggests relatively easy to remove three electrons.
Write the chemical formula for the carbonate ion
CO₃²⁻
___ Acid needs what in the front of the formula
H
Write the chemical formula for hydrobromic acid
HBr
Write the chemical formula for acetic acid
HC₂H₃O₂
Write the chemical formula for mercury(I) sulfide
Hg₂S
Write the chemical formula for oxalic acid
H₂C₂O₄
Write the chemical formula for sulfuric acid
H₂SO₄
write chemical formula for hydroxide ion
OH-
converting celcius into kelvin
add 273.15
determining mass number for an atom
add protons and neutrons together
matter
anything that takes up space and has mass - solid = fixed shape and vl - liquid = shape of container, forms horizontal surface, has fixed vl - gas = expands to fill container
when given protons and electrons, indentify element (39 p and 36 e)
atomic number is 39 and contains 39 protons but (+3) charge is subtracted
why is n = 0, l = 1, m(l) = 0, and m(s) = +½ not possible
cause n can never = 0 - 1, 2, 3...
chemical property
change of 1 type of matter into another (or ability to change types of matter) - ex: Ne gas prop: it is inert (can not be measured w/o chemically changing substance)
Ionic
composed of a metal and nonmetal - SrCl2
Polyatomic ions
composed of multiple covalently bonded atoms - ex: NaOH - ex: MgCO3
molecular
composed of two or more nonmetals - P205
significant figures
counts if non-zero, 0 between sig digits and 0s following a sig digit in a decimal - does not: trailing (unless decimal) or leading
trend for ionization energy
decreases down a group and increases left to right across a period
What is the correct IUPAC name for S₂F₈?
disulfur octafluride
ion
elctron and proton count are not equal - equal # makes it a neutral atom
determining partial positive charge
element further to the left - negative closer to the right
add or subtract sig figs
fewest number of decimal places in answer
plasma
gaseous state of matter w/electrically charged particles
what is the correct IUPAC name for HIO₃(aq)?
iodic acid
which is the lowest temp: kelvin, c or f
kelvin
What is the correct IUPAC name for Li₂S?
lithium sulfide
how to determine ion of an element
look at group (ex group 15) and see how many more till noble gases (-3) - for group 1+2 it is a positive number
converting celsius to farenheit
multi by 9/5 and then add 32
A single electron in an orbital has quantum numbers n = 3, ℓ = 0, mℓ = 0, ms =-½. What are the quantum numbers for the next electron added to this orbital
n = 3, ℓ = 0, mℓ = 0, ms = +½
What is the correct IUPAC name for HNO₂(aq)?
nitrous acid
Pauli Exclsuion Principle
no two electrons in a given atom can share the same set of four quantum numbers (n, ℓ, mℓ, ms)
Trend for atomic radius
radius decreases moving left to right across a period and increase down a group
microscopic
size scale so small we cannot sense or percept directly - molecules, atoms, bacteria
symbolic domain
specialized language used to represent components of micro and macro domain - g, s, l
law
statement about an observed phenomeon or unifying concept - not an explanation > statement
What is the correct IUPAC name for H₂SO₃(aq)
sulfurous acid
hypothetis
tentative explanation of observations that guide future experiments - must be testable
as the atomic radii decreases from left to right in a period
the nuvlear charge increases in that direction
why does the atomic mass of Ge a fracion between 72 and 73
the presence of different isotopes - atomic mass rep the abundance of each isotope
macroscopic domain
things observed by senses
Which of the following best describes what happens when an ionic bond forms?
two atoms, one atom which is more electronegative than the other, exchange electrons and the charges hold the atoms together.
covalent compounds
two nonmetals - ex: NO2
Single, double, or triple covalent bonds in a carbon atom are formed from
valence electrons
theory
well est comprehensive and testable explanation - always subject to change if new evidence suggests
