chem exam 4

76) Naturally occurring uranium contains approximately what percentage of uranium-235, the isotope that undergoes fission? A) 0.72% B) 10% C) 50% D) 100%

A) 0.72%

93) Identify which one was NOT a malfunction at a nuclear power plant. A) A tornado tore a roof of the cooling plant resulting in a release of radioactive gas. B) A partial meltdown of the core occurred. C) A fire resulted in the release of radioactivity into the surrounding area. D) An earthquake caused a tsunami, and flooded the nuclear plant. The cooling system failed, a partial core meltdown occurred, and radioactive material was released.

A) A tornado tore a roof of the cooling plant resulting in a release of radioactive gas.

27) The formula for butane is A) C4H10. B) C5H12. C) C6H14. D) C4H8.

A) C4H10.

28) The formula for heptene is A) C7H14. B) C3H8. C) C4H10. D) C5H12.

A) C7H14.

35) An example of an alkane is A) C9H20. B) C5H10. C) C7H12. D) C8H20.

A) C9H20.

97) Diethyl ether is the most important of the ethers. It has the structure of A) CH3CH2OCH2CH3. B) CH3CH2OH. C) CH3CH2OCH3. D) (CH3)2CHOH.

A) CH3CH2OCH2CH3.

34) Which of the following alkanes will have the lowest boiling point? A) CH4 B) C3H8 C) C14H30 D) C22H46

A) CH4

11) Thorium-234 undergoes beta decay: Th → e + Q What is Q? A) Pa B) Ac C) Th D) Th

A) Pa

46) Which of the following resulted in the first demonstration of artificial transmutation? A) Rutherford's bombardment of nitrogen-14 with alpha particles B) Fermi and Segre's bombardment of uranium atoms with neutrons C) the change of lead into gold by alchemists in the 14th century D) Goldstein's production of protons in a gas discharge tube

A) Rutherford's bombardment of nitrogen-14 with alpha particles

24) The process of alpha decay results in what change in the atomic number? A) a decrease of 2 B) a decrease of 1 C) an increase of 1 D) no change

A) a decrease of 2

69) The most stable elements have A) a high binding energy per nucleon. B) a low binding energy per nucleon. C) a high proton to neutron ratio. D) an atomic number above 92.

A) a high binding energy per nucleon.

85) Citronellol, C10H19OH, is a constituent of rose and germanium oils. It is used in perfumery. Chemically, citronellol is an A) alcohol. B) acid. C) alkane. D) amine.

A) alcohol.

73) The structures that contains single bonds and an oxygen are A) alcohols and ethers. B) aldehydes and ketones. C) carboxylic acids and esters. D) alkenes.

A) alcohols and ethers.

14) A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen and which has only single bonds between atoms is classified as an A) alkane. B) alkene. C) aromatic compound. D) alkyne.

A) alkane.

9) The following nuclear reaction is an example of Ra → He + Rn A) alpha decay. B) beta decay. C) gamma decay. D) an impossible reaction.

A) alpha decay.

144) Alkaloids, like morphine, caffeine, nicotine and cocaine, are heterocyclic A) amines. B) amides. C) ethers. D) esters.

A) amines.

131) Amines are derivatives of A) ammonia. B) methane. C) water. D) amino acids.

A) ammonia.

4) The term "organic" refer to foods that A) are grown using "all-natural" methods and without the use of synthetic pesticides or herbicides. B) contain no organic compounds. C) contain only organic compounds. D) are grown hydroponically.

A) are grown using "all-natural" methods and without the use of synthetic pesticides or herbicides.

126) This substance is an ester of the phenol group of salicylic acid with acetic acid and is commonly called A) aspirin. B) Maalox. C) Milk of Magnesia. D) Tylenol.

A) aspirin.

138) Amino acids are multifunctional compounds that contain A) carboxyl and amine groups. B) carboxyl and amide groups. C) ester and amine groups. D) aldehyde and amide groups.

A) carboxyl and amine groups.

112) The -COOH group represents the A) carboxyl group. B) carbonyl group. C) alcohol group. D) aldehyde group.

A) carboxyl group.

23) The process of electron capture can be considered as the A) conversion of an electron and a proton to a neutron. B) conversion of an electron and a neutron to a proton. C) conversion of a proton to a neutron and an electron. The electron is emitted. D) conversion of a neutron to a proton and an electron. The electron is emitted.

A) conversion of an electron and a proton to a neutron

111) One of the primary ingredients in vinegar is A) ethanoic acid. B) propanoic acid. C) formic acid. D) hydrochloric acid.

A) ethanoic acid.

128) A green chemistry improvement for the synthesis of Zoloft, an antidepressant, was the substitution of ________ for less environmentally-friendly solvents. A) ethanol B) toluene C) hexane D) dichloromethane

A) ethanol

54) Which of the following is an alkene? A) ethylene B) butyne C) cyclohexane D) xylene

A) ethylene

98) The smallest cyclic ether is called A) ethylene oxide. B) ethylene glycol. C) ethanol. D) diethyl ether

A) ethylene oxide.

65) When carbon tetrachloride reacts with hot water it produces phosgene (COCl2). Phosgene was used in poison-gas warfare in World War I. Based upon this chemistry, carbon tetrachloride is no longer used in A) fire extinguishers. B) anesthetics. C) chemical reactions. D) toilet bowl cleaners.

A) fire extinguishers.

49) The use of radioisotopes as tracers in medical and environmental research takes advantage of the fact that isotopes A) generally behave identically in chemical and physical processes. B) generally behave differently in chemical and physical processes. C) have different masses. D) none of the above

A) generally behave identically in chemical and physical processes.

4) Cosmic rays are A) high energy radiation produced by the sun. B) high energy radiation produced in the ozone layer. C) high energy radiation produced by the earth's core. D) none of these

A) high energy radiation produced by the sun.

68) Perfluorocarbons are A) hydrocarbons in which all hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine. B) hydrocarbons in which most hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine. C) hydrocarbons in which there is one fluorine per carbon atom. D) none of the above

A) hydrocarbons in which all hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine.

74) Alcohols are characterized by which functional group? A) hydroxyl B) carboxyl C) halide D) ester

A) hydroxyl

81) Strontium-90 from nuclear fallout is a potential major long-term human health threat because A) it is chemically similar to calcium, has a relatively long half-life, and is incorporated into bone. B) it is chemically similar to calcium, has a relatively short half-life, and is incorporated into breast milk. C) it is chemically similar to sodium, has a relatively long half-life, and collects in the liver. D) it is chemically similar to sodium, has a relatively short half-life, and collects in the heart.

A) it is chemically similar to calcium, has a relatively long half-life, and is incorporated into bone.

34) Exposure to radioactive material is considered safe after 10 half-lives because A) less than a tenth of 1% of the material remains. B) less than 12.5% of the material remains. C) ten is an even number. D) all of the material will have decayed at that time.

A) less than a tenth of 1% of the material remains.

66) In the famous relationship: E = mc2, the symbol m represents A) mass. B) molecules. C) momentum. D) metastable.

A) mass.

132) The compound CH3NH2 is called A) methylamine. B) dimethylamine. C) trimethylamine. D) methyl ammonia.

A) methylamine.

18) Which of the following particles has a mass of 1 amu and a charge of 0? A) neutron B) proton C) electron D) positron

A) neutron

13) Organic compounds are A) nonpolar and less dense than water. B) polar and less dense than water. C) nonpolar and more dense than water. D) polar and more dense than water.

A) nonpolar and less dense than water.

7) All of the following are known to be forms of ionizing radiation EXCEPT A) radio waves. B) gamma rays. C) ultraviolet radiation. D) X-rays.

A) radio waves.

21) Phosphorus-30 decays by positron emission. The product is A) silicon-30. B) phosphorus-29. C) sulfur-30. D) sulfur-29

A) silicon-30.

67) The mass of a helium nucleus is slightly less than the sum of its parts (2 protons and 2 neutrons) because A) some of the mass is converted to binding energy. B) some of the mass is given to electrons. C) the mass of protons and neutrons are not precisely known. D) the mass of a proton is larger than the mass of a neutron.

A) some of the mass is converted to binding energy.

74) Critical mass is A) the minimum amount of fissionable material that will sustain a chain reaction. B) the maximum amount of fissionable material that will sustain a chain reaction. C) the amount of fissionable material that produces the most energy when split. D) the largest amount of fissionable material that can be obtained from isotopic enrichment.

A) the minimum amount of fissionable material that will sustain a chain reaction.

90) The factor that is NOT a detriment to the building of nuclear power plants is A) the possibility of a "nuclear bomb-like" explosion. B) the scarcity of 235U. C) the disposal of nuclear wastes. D) the high cost of the power produced.

A) the possibility of a "nuclear bomb-like" explosion.

37) All of the following are properties of hydrocarbons EXCEPT A) they have a higher density than water. B) their boiling points increase as the number of carbons increases. C) they burn readily. D) they are good solvents for nonpolar substances.

A) they have a higher density than water.

Approximately what percentage of known compounds are classified as organic compounds? A) ≈ 95% B) ≈ 70% C) ≈ 40% D) ≈ 20%

A) ≈ 95%

18) How many different structural isomers are there for a hydrocarbon with the formula C4H10? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

B) 2

39) A piece of fossilized wood has a carbon-14 radioactivity that is 1/4 that of new wood. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years. How old is the cloth? A) 1 × 5730 = 5730 years B) 2 × 5730 = 11,460 years C) 3 × 5730 = 17,190 years D) 0.25 × 5730 = 1432 years

B) 2 × 5730 = 11,460 years

30) Nitrogen-13 has a half-life of 10 minutes. How much of a 128 mg sample would remain after 40 minutes? A) 4 mg B) 8 mg C) 16 mg D) 32 mg

B) 8 mg

59) Benzene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. Which of the following is NOT a property of benzene? A) Benzene is a liquid at room temperature. B) Benzene undergoes the same reactions that other unsaturated hydrocarbons do. C) Benzene contains only carbon and hydrogen. D) Benzene has a ring of carbon atoms in its structure.

B) Benzene undergoes the same reactions that other unsaturated hydrocarbons do.

49) The formula for propyne is A) C3H6. B) C3H4. C) C3H8. D) C3H3.

B) C3H4.

38) The chemical formula of cyclopropane is A) C3H3. B) C3H6. C) C3H7. D) C3H8.

B) C3H6.

52) An example of a molecular formula of an alkene is A) C7H16. B) C5H10. C) C5H8. D) C6H6.

B) C5H10.

84) Which substance causes fetal alcohol syndrome? A) CH3OH B) CH3CH2OH C) CH3CHOHCH3 D) CH3OCH3

B) CH3CH2OH

21) Which of the following is NOT a reason for the great variety of organic molecules? A) The ability of carbon to form chains B) Carbon atoms can form more than four bonds. C) Isomerism D) Carbon forms bonds with a variety of elements, including H, O, N, Cl and Br.

B) Carbon atoms can form more than four bonds.

75) The U.S. president who ordered the dropping of atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was A) Bill Clinton. B) Harry Truman. C) Dwight Eisenhower. D) George Bush.

B) Harry Truman.

60) The correct structure for benzene was proposed by ________ in 1865. A) Boyle B) Kekule C) Faraday D) Curie

B) Kekule

84) Which scientist won a Nobel prize for chemistry in recognition of work involving the structure of proteins, and the Nobel prize for peace for efforts in controlling nuclear weapons? A) Bill Nye B) Linus Pauling C) Max Planck D) Glenn Seaborg

B) Linus Pauling

15) Rn decays by emission of an alpha particle. The product of this decay is A) Ra B) Po C) Ra D) Rn

B) Po

16) Bi decays by beta emission. The product is A) Bi B) Po C) Pa D) Au

B) Po

117) The general formula for a carboxylic acid is A) ROR'. B) RCOOH. C) RCOR'. D) RCOOR'.

B) RCOOH.

50) Which of the following statements about the use of radioisotopes to irradiate foods is NOT true? A) Radioisotopes kill microorganisms that cause food spoilage. B) The taste and appearance of irradiated food undergoes a major change. C) There is no residual radiation left in the food after irradiation. D) Irradiation has been used for years in some countries.

B) The taste and appearance of irradiated food undergoes a major change.

80) UF6 containing uranium-235 can be separated from UF6 containing uranium-238 because A) compounds containing uranium-235 react differently than compounds containing uranium-238. B) UF6 containing uranium-235 is lighter and will travel faster than UF6 containing uranium-238. C) UF6 containing uranium-235 is lighter and will travel more slowly than UF6 containing uranium-238. D) They cannot be separated

B) UF6 containing uranium-235 is lighter and will travel faster than UF6 containing uranium-238.

27) The process of electron capture results in what change in the atomic number? A) a decrease of 2 B) a decrease of 1 C) an increase of 1 D) no change

B) a decrease of 1

142) The name of CH3CONH2 is A) methanamide. B) acetamide. C) ethylamine. D) ethanoic acid.

B) acetamide.

19) The nucleon number decreases by 4 during what type of radioactive decay? A) beta decay B) alpha decay C) gamma radiation D) positron emission

B) alpha decay

141) Which of the following families of organic compounds does NOT contain an oxygen atom? A) alcohol B) amine C) carboxylic acid D) ketone

B) amine

94) Phenol, sometimes called carbolic acid, was the first A) anesthetic. B) antiseptic. C) insecticide. D) analgesic.

B) antiseptic.

28) One difference between a chemical reaction and a nuclear reaction is that in a nuclear reaction A) atoms retain their identity. B) atoms often change from one element to another. C) only the valence electrons are involved. D) only small amounts of energy are absorbed or emitted.

B) atoms often change from one element to another.

135) Amines are A) acidic. B) basic. C) neutral. D) variable with respect to acid/base behavior.

B) basic.

114) One of the compounds that is present in rancid butter and body odor is A) acetic acid. B) butanoic acid. C) benzaldehyde. D) formaldehyde.

B) butanoic acid.

43) In 1932, James Chadwick bombarded beryllium-9 with alpha particles. One product was a neutron. This led to the direct experimental verification of the existence of neutrons. The other product of Chadwick's nuclear reaction was A) nitrogen-14. B) carbon-12. C) boron-12. D) helium-4.

B) carbon-12.

7) The element whose atoms have a unique ability to bond to each other and to other kinds of atoms is A) sodium. B) carbon. C) sulfur. D) nitrogen.

B) carbon.

83) Cesium-137 is both produced in nuclear fallout and has a half-life of 30 years. Cesium-137 is capable of long-term effects because it is A) chemically similar to calcium and is absorbed in the bones. B) chemically similar to potassium and is taken up by living organisms as part of body fluids. C) chemically similar to sodium and collects in the blood. D) chemically similar to magnesium and collects in the blood.

B) chemically similar to potassium and is taken up by living

17) The process of beta emission can be envisioned as the A) conversion of a proton to a neutron and electron. The electron is emitted. B) conversion of a neutron to a proton and electron. The electron is emitted. C) conversion of a neutron to a proton and electron. The proton is emitted. D) conversion of a proton to a neutron and electron. The proton is emitted.

B) conversion of a neutron to a proton and electron. The electron is emitted.

53) Positron emission tomography (PET) is a A) therapy for cancer using positrons. B) diagnostic technique for monitoring dynamic processes in the body, such as brain activity. C) device for containing a nuclear fusion reaction. D) mechanism for transmutation of elements.

B) diagnostic technique for monitoring dynamic processes in the body, such as brain activity.

122) The compound formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol is a(n) A) aldehyde. B) ester. C) ether. D) ketone.

B) ester.

123) Many of the flavors isolated from foods are A) carboxylic acids. B) esters. C) alcohols. D) ketones.

B) esters.

16) What is the name of the compound that has the formula CH3CH3? A) methane B) ethane C) propane D) butane

B) ethane

51) Which of the following compounds is saturated? A) pentene B) ethane C) butyne D) pentadiene

B) ethane

76) When wood is heated in the absence of air, the wood is destructively distilled and condensed to a liquid mixture. The primary component of this mixture is A) methanol. B) ethanol. C) rubbing alcohol. D) gasoline.

B) ethanol.

92) CH3CH2OCH3 is called A) ethyl propyl ether. B) ethyl methyl ether. C) butyl propyl ether. D) dimethyl ether.

B) ethyl methyl ether.

87) The main ingredient in most antifreezes is A) ethanol. B) ethylene glycol. C) glycerol. D) gasoline.

B) ethylene glycol.

107) The simplest aldehyde is A) acetone. B) formaldehyde. C) propionaldehyde. D) methanol.

B) formaldehyde.

72) In organic chemistry, compounds are generally classified by A) state. B) functional group. C) color. D) odor.

B) functional group.

10) An alpha particle is the same as a A) helium-5 nucleus. B) helium-4 nucleus. C) hydrogen-1 nucleus. D) neutron.

B) helium-4 nucleus.

55) Which of the following is an alkyne? A) ethylene B) hexyne C) heptane D) benzene

B) hexyne

87) Which of the following isotopes is NOT considered to be a major threat to human health from nuclear fallout? A) cesium-137 B) hydrogen-2 C) iodine-131 D) strontium-90

B) hydrogen-2

70) Chlorinated hydrocarbons have been used as A) fuels. B) insecticides. C) propellants. D) refrigerants.

B) insecticides.

57) The radioisotope used to detect anemia is A) gadolinium-153. B) iron-59. C) plutonium-238. D) iodine-131.

B) iron-59.

36) Carbon-14 dating of ancient objects is particularly effective because C-14 A) has the shortest half-life. B) is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere and its ratio to C-12 in living systems and the environment is constant. C) is a stable isotope and is therefore particularly easy to work with. D) decays by a simple fission reaction.

B) is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere and its ratio to C-12 in living systems and the environment is constant.

70) Nuclear fission is a process by which the nucleus of an atom A) splits into two or more fragments spontaneously. B) is induced to split into two or more fragments by some external source. C) combines with another nucleus to produce a larger nucleus. D) loses a proton with the release of a large amount of energy.

B) is induced to split into two or more fragments by some external source.

83) Rubbing alcohol contains A) ethanol. B) isopropyl alcohol. C) n-propyl alcohol. D) methanol.

B) isopropyl alcohol.

8) Atoms that have the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons are A) radioactive. B) isotopes. C) impossible. D) ions.

B) isotopes.

82) Iodine-131 from nuclear fallout is a potential major short-term human health threat because A) it is concentrated in the thyroid and has a relatively long half-life. B) it is concentrated in the thyroid and has a relatively short half-life. C) it is chemically similar to calcium and has a relatively long half-life. D) it is chemically similar to calcium and has a relatively short half-life.

B) it is concentrated in the thyroid and has a relatively short half-life.

145) Compounds related to the heterocyclics pyrimidine and purine are constituents of A) amino acids. B) nucleic acids. C) proteins. D) plastics.

B) nucleic acids.

9) The unique aspect of a saturated hydrocarbon is that it must contain A) only carbon and hydrogen. B) only single bonds. C) single and double bonds. D) single, double and triple bonds.

B) only single bonds.

89) The nuclear synthesis of plutonium-239 was an important part of the effort to build an atomic bomb during World War II because A) plutonium-239 is required to cause uranium-235 to fission. B) plutonium-239 is fissionable. C) plutonium-239 has a longer half-life than uranium-235. D) of all of these reasons

B) plutonium-239 is fissionable.

15) Identify the alkane that contains three carbons. A) propene B) propane C) propyne D) propanone

B) propane

13) When thorium-234 undergoes beta decay, what other product is formed? A) thorium-233 B) protactinium-234 C) radium-88 D) uranium-238

B) protactinium-234

77) Methanol is an important solvent. It is also an important starting material for the synthesis of other molecules. Most methanol today is obtained from the A) destructive distillation of wood. B) reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure. C) fermentation of corn. D) decomposition of animal waste.

B) reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure.

22) Alkanes are often called A) unsaturated hydrocarbons. B) saturated hydrocarbons. C) carbohydrates. D) saturated fats.

B) saturated hydrocarbons.

94) Identify a problem with nuclear power plants. A) must be built by water B) spent fuel changed into weapons C) must be built on a mountain D) population wants in next door

B) spent fuel changed into weapons

85) Which of the following isotopes produced in fission bomb explosions poses the greatest health risk to humans? A) xenon-129 B) strontium-90 C) krypton-82 D) barium-138

B) strontium-90

47) Which of the following statements about transmutation is true? In transmutation, A) an atom of gold will be produced. B) the original element changes into a different element. C) the particles in the nucleus of the product are the same as the particles in the nucleus of the starting atom. D) you need to balance electrons

B) the original element changes into a different element.

54) Technetium-99m is a radioisotope used in a variety of diagnostic tests. Technetium-99m has a short half-life (6 hr). The advantage of a short half-life for diagnostic purposes is A) the radioactivity is easier to monitor. B) the radioactivity does not linger in the body. C) the radioactivity lasts for a long time. D) the chemical reactions induced by the technetium are more rapid.

B) the radioactivity does not linger in the body.

37) In carbon-14 dating, A) the radioactivity of carbon is artificially induced. B) the radioactivity of carbon occurs naturally. C) radioactive carbon is added to the sample to be dated. D) none of the above

B) the radioactivity of carbon occurs naturally.

63) Chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as carbon tetrachloride CCl4, make good dry cleaning solvents because A) they dissolve in water. B) they dissolve water insoluble stains, like grease and oil. C) they are not liquids at room temperature. D) they cause no significant health problems.

B) they dissolve water insoluble stains, like grease and oil

42) The bombardment of nitrogen-14 with alpha particles produces oxygen-17 and a proton. This process is called A) alpha emission. B) transmutation. C) isotopic enrichment. D) fission.

B) transmutation.

67) With respect to reactivity on the surface of the earth, chlorofluorocarbons are A) very reactive. B) very unreactive. C) moderately reactive. D) variable depending upon the chlorofluorocarbon.

B) very unreactive.

19) How many different structural isomers are there for a hydrocarbon with the formula C5H12? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

C) 3

29) After five half-lives, what percentage of the original radioactive isotope remains in a sample? A) 0% B) 50% C) 3.13% D) 6.25%

C) 3.13%

32) Sodium-24 has a half-life of 15 hours. How much of a 20 mg sample would remain after two half-lives? A) 0 mg B) 2 mg C) 5 mg D) 10 mg

C) 5 mg

32) Which of the following is NOT a property of alkanes? A) Alkanes are not soluble in water. B) Alkanes have a lower density than water does. C) Alkanes will undergo addition reactions. D) Alkanes will burn easily and can be used as fuels.

C) Alkanes will undergo addition reactions.

31) Which one of the following statements is NOT true of all alkanes? A) All alkanes burn to produce carbon dioxide and water. B) All alkanes consist of carbon and hydrogen. C) All alkanes exist as two or more isomers. D) All alkanes fit the general molecular formula CnH2n+2.

C) All alkanes exist as two or more isomers.

29) The formula for cyclopropane is A) C3H8. B) C7H16. C) C3H6. D) C7H12.

C) C3H6.

40) The chemical formula of cyclopentane is A) C5H6. B) C5H8. C) C5H10. D) C5H12.

C) C5H10.

53) An example of a molecular formula of an alkyne is A) C6H14. B) C5H10. C) C5H8. D) C6H6.

C) C5H8.

58) The formula of benzene is A) C7H7. B) C4H4. C) C6H6. D) C6H12.

C) C6H6.

43) Which of the following compounds is a homolog of CH2=CH2? A) CH3CH3 B) CH3CH2CH3 C) CH3CH=CH2 D) CH3CCH

C) CH3CH=CH2

6) The first recorded synthesis of an organic compound in a scientific laboratory was by A) Isaac Newton in 1665. B) Benjamin Franklin in 1788. C) Friedrich Wöhler in 1828. D) Thomas Edison in 1888.

C) Friedrich Wöhler in 1828.

89) Which of the following statements about industrial grade ethanol and the ethanol used in alcoholic beverages is NOT correct? A) Industrial grade ethanol is made by reacting ethylene with water, while ethanol used in beverages is made by fermentation. B) Industrial grade ethanol carries no federal excise tax, while ethanol used in beverages is taxed. C) Industrial grade ethanol and ethanol used in beverages have different molecular structures. D) Noxious substances are added to industrial grade ethanol so it is not safe to drink.

C) Industrial grade ethanol and ethanol used in beverages have different molecular structures

52) Which one of the following radioactive isotopes is useful in the investigation of thyroid problems? A) Uranium-235 B) Barium-120 C) Iodine-131 D) Cesium-145

C) Iodine-131

45) Ernest Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 with alpha particles and produced oxygen-17 and a proton. What was the significance of this experiment? A) It showed that most of the mass of an atom is in its nucleus. B) It was the first time that protons were produced. C) It showed that protons were part of the nucleus for an atom other than hydrogen. D) It showed that the nucleus contains protons and neutrons.

C) It showed that protons were part of the nucleus for an atom other than hydrogen.

104) The general formula for a ketone is A) ROR'. B) RCOOH. C) RCOR'. D) RCOOR'.

C) RCOR'.

96) Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE, CH3OC(CH3)3) has been used as a gasoline additive. MTBE is an example of an ether with the general structure A) ROR. B) ROH. C) ROR'. D) R'OH.

C) ROR'.

12) Uranium-238 decays by emission of an alpha particle. The product of this decay is A) U B) Pa C) Th D) Ra

C) Th

91) Which of the following statements about nuclear power plants is NOT true? A) They generate some of the electricity used in the United States and Europe. B) The uranium fuel used contains about 3% of 235U. C) The uranium fuel used contains over 90% of 235U. D) They generate a considerable amount of radioactive waste.

C) The uranium fuel used contains over 90% of 235U.

86) A homologous series of alcohols contains A) the same number of carbon atoms, but a different number of hydroxyl groups. B) the same number of carbon atoms and the same number of hydroxyl groups. C) a different number of carbon atoms, but the same number of hydroxyl groups. D) only isomers.

C) a different number of carbon atoms, but the same number of hydroxyl groups.

58) The radioactive decay of 99mTc to 99Tc MUST occur with the emission of A) an alpha particle alone. B) two beta particles. C) a gamma ray alone. D) the combination of a beta particle and a gamma ray.

C) a gamma ray alone.

11) Petroleum jelly is A) a mixture of low carbon number hydrocarbons. B) a mixture of moderate carbon number hydrocarbons. C) a mixture of higher carbon number hydrocarbons. D) none of the above

C) a mixture of higher carbon number hydrocarbons.

46) Acetylene is an A) alkane. B) alkene. C) alkyne. D) aromatic compound

C) alkyne.

25) The process of beta decay results in what change in the atomic number? A) a decrease of 2 B) a decrease of 1 C) an increase of 1 D) no change

C) an increase of 1

26) The process of positron emission results in what change in the atomic number? A) a decrease of 2 B) a decrease of 1 C) an increase of 1 D) no change

C) an increase of 1

61) Organic compounds that contain a benzene ring or possess certain properties similar to those of benzene are called ________ compounds. A) alkaloid B) acidic C) aromatic D) saturated

C) aromatic

68) Which process will result in an increase in the binding energy per nucleon? A) fission of large radioactive nuclei B) fusion of small nuclei C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

C) both A and B

56) Which of the following is an alkane? A) butene B) propyne C) butane D) toluene

C) butane

48) Transmutation A) can be carried out by chemical means, but not nuclear processes. B) can be carried out by chemical means and nuclear processes. C) cannot be carried out by chemical means but can be accomplished by nuclear processes. D) cannot be carried out by chemical means or nuclear processes.

C) cannot be carried out by chemical means but can be accomplished by nuclear processes.

64) The compound with the formula, CHCl3, was used as an anesthetic in earlier times, but has been found to have some serious side effects. The compound is called A) methyl chloride. B) methylene chloride. C) chloroform. D) carbon tetrachloride.

C) chloroform.

136) The reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine yields a(n) A) aldehyde. B) amide. C) ester. D) ketone.

C) ester.

44) The most important commercial organic compound is A) methane, CH4. B) ethane, CH3CH3. C) ethylene, CH2CH2. D) propane, CH3CH2CH3.

C) ethylene, CH2CH2.

134) The compound CH3CH2NHCH2CH2CH3 is called A) ethylmethylamine. B) methylpropylamine. C) ethylpropylamine. D) propylamine.

C) ethylpropylamine.

110) When a bee stings, one of the compounds it injects is A) acetic acid. B) butyric acid. C) formic acid. D) hydrochloric acid.

C) formic acid.

108) Esters have been widely used as A) refrigerants. B) insecticides. C) fragrances. D) disinfectants.

C) fragrances.

127) Esters are often used as A) anesthetics. B) disinfectants. C) fragrances. D) insecticides.

C) fragrances.

60) Which one of the following is most penetrating? A) He nucleus B) beta particle C) gamma ray D) visible light

C) gamma ray

62) Radioactive alpha emitters pose the greatest potential health risk when they are A) unshielded. B) on the skin. C) ingested. D) all of the above

C) ingested

6) Radiation with enough energy to knock electrons off atoms or molecules is known as A) electron capture. B) fundamental radiation C) ionizing radiation. D) transmuting radiation

C) ionizing radiation.

86) Thermonuclear reaction A) is a process in which a large nucleus spontaneously splits into two or more smaller nuclei. B) is a process in which a large nucleus is bombarded with a neutron and then splits into two or more smaller nuclei. C) is a process in which smaller nuclei combine to form nuclei. D) is a process used to generate electricity in nuclear power plants.

C) is a process in which smaller nuclei combine to form nuclei.

23) Compounds with the same number and kinds of atoms but with different structures are known as A) homologs. B) isotopes. C) isomers. D) allotropes.

C) isomers.

40) A piece of cloth is dated using carbon-14. The cloth is determined to be 1400 years old. The half-life of C-14 is 5730 years. The C-14 radioactivity in the cloth will be ________ the radioactivity in a new cloth. A) greater than B) the same as C) less than D) Radioactivity cannot be predicted from the above information.

C) less than

41) Radioisotopes have been used to determine the age of all of the following EXCEPT A) brandy. B) cloth. C) living plants. D) wood.

C) living plants.

129) One drawback to the use of water as a solvent in the production of organic compounds is that A) the reaction times are longer. B) the organic compounds produced must be separated from water, but not from organic solvents. C) many organic compounds do not dissolve readily in water. D) processes that use water as a solvent require more energy.

C) many organic compounds do not dissolve readily in water.

10) The simplest alkane is A) monane. B) ethane. C) methane. D) propane.

C) methane.

113) The simplest carboxylic acid is commonly known as A) ethanoic acid. B) butyric acid. C) methanoic acid. D) propionicacid.

C) methanoic acid.

90) All of the following contain more than one hydroxyl group EXCEPT A) ethylene glycol. B) glycerol. C) methanol. D) propylene glycol.

C) methanol.

71) In the fission of uranium-235, which particle causes and propagates the chain reaction? A) alpha particle B) beta particle C) neutron D) electron

C) neutron

56) Gadolinium-153 is the most widely used radioisotope in medicine. It is used for the detection of A) lung tumor. B) skin cancer. C) osteoporosis. D) heart problems.

C) osteoporosis.

12) What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH2CH3? A) methane B) ethane C) propane D) butane

C) propane

139) Amino acids are the "building blocks" of A) carbohydrates. B) fats. C) proteins. D) vitamins.

C) proteins.

125) This substance used as an analgesic was first isolated from willow bark. A) heptane B) formic acid C) salicylic acid D) isopropyl alcohol

C) salicylic acid

143) The non-carbon atom(s) generally found in heterocyclic compounds is/are A) sulfur. B) sulfur and nitrogen. C) sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. D) halogens.

C) sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen.

1) Organic chemistry is most broadly defined as A) the chemistry of living systems. B) the chemistry of substances produced by living systems. C) the chemistry of the compounds of carbon. D) the chemistry of the non-metallic compounds.

C) the chemistry of the compounds of carbon.

73) The source of the energy produced by the sun is A) the burning of fossil fuels. B) the fission of uranium-235. C) the fusion of primarily hydrogen. D) unknown.

C) the fusion of primarily hydrogen.

88) Glycerol is an alcohol with ________ hydroxyl groups A) one B) two C) three D) four

C) three

92) Identify what is NOT a use of radioactive isotopes. A) sterilization of suture material B) medical diagnosis C) treat diabetes D) power for spacecraft

C) treat diabetes

133) The compound (CH3)3N is called A) methylamine. B) dimethylamine. C) trimethylamine. D) methyl ammonia.

C) trimethylamine.

5) The first organic compound to be synthesized in a chemist's laboratory was A) cholesterol. B) chlorophyll. C) urea. D) benzene.

C) urea.

130) All of the following are green chemistry innovations EXCEPT A) increased use of aqueous media as solvents. B) "on water" reactions. C) use of petroleum-based solvents. D) use of microwave reactors.

C) use of petroleum-based solvents.

35) Plants incorporate carbon as long they live. Once a plant dies, it takes how many years for 75% of the carbon-14 to decay (half-life of C-14 is 5730 years)? A) 573 yrs B) 2865 yrs C) 5730 yrs D) 11460 yrs

D) 11460 yrs

33) The amount of a radioactive isotope that remains after two half-lives have passed is A) 98%. B) 75%. C) 50%. D) 25%.

D) 25%.

31) Nitrogen-13 has a half-life of 10 minutes. How much of a 128 mg sample would remain after 20 minutes? A) 0 mg B) 4 mg C) 16 mg D) 32 mg

D) 32 mg

20) How many different structural isomers are there for a hydrocarbon with the formula C6H14? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) > 4

D) > 4

51) Radioisotopes have been used as tracers in a variety of applications because A) radioactive isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties as nonradioactive isotopes. B) it is easy to follow the movement of a radioactive isotope. C) the decay products are easily detected. D) All of the above are true.

D) All of the above are true.

20) With the discovery of nuclear reactions, and particularly transmutation, which postulates of Dalton's atomic theory must be modified? A) Matter is composed of atoms. B) Atoms of the same element are the same; atoms of different elements are different. C) Atoms combine with other atoms in fixed, whole number ratios. D) Atoms may not be changed into other atoms.

D) Atoms may not be changed into other atoms.

45) Acetylene is A) CH4. B) C2H6. C) C2H4. D) C2H2.

D) C2H2.

39) The chemical formula of cyclohexane is A) C6H6. B) C6H8. C) C6H10. D) C6H12.

D) C6H12.

62) A molecular formula of an aromatic hydrocarbon is A) C10H18. B) C8H16. C) C7H10. D) C6H6.

D) C6H6.

48) A cyclic hydrocarbon containing seven carbon atoms and two double bonds will have the formula A) C7H16. B) C7H14. C) C7H12. D) C7H10.

D) C7H10.

47) A cyclic hydrocarbon containing eight carbon atoms and one double bond will have the formula A) C8H12. B) C8H18. C) C8H16. D) C8H14.

D) C8H14.

75) The formula of methanol is A) COH. B) CHOH. C) CH2OH. D) CH3OH

D) CH3OH

41) What is the general formula for a cycloalkane? A) CnHn B) CnH2n+2 C) CnH2n-2 D) CnH2n

D) CnH2n

5) What does not describe ionizing radiation? A) Ionizing radiation can devastate living cells by interfering with their normal chemical processes. B) Ionizing radiation can cause changes in the molecules of DNA in reproductive cells. C) Ionizing radiation can cause molecules to be split into free radicals, which can disrupt vital cellular processes. D) Ionizing radiation can affect blood sugar levels and causes diabetes.

D) Ionizing radiation can affect blood sugar levels and causes diabetes.

121) The general formula for an ester is A) ROR'. B) RCOOH. C) RCOR'. D) RCOOR'.

D) RCOOR'.

50) The hydrocarbon that is used in torches along with oxygen to produce very hot flames for cutting and welding is A) ethylene. B) methane. C) propane. D) acetylene.

D) acetylene.

69) Perfluorocarbons have been used in which of the following? A) temporary blood substitutes B) nonstick cooking surfaces C) oxygen solvent for treatment of premature babies D) all of the above

D) all of the above

63) Alpha particles can be stopped by a A) sheet of paper. B) block of wood. C) thin sheet of aluminum. D) all of these

D) all of these

71) In representing the general formula of various functional groups, the symbol R stands for A) a halogen atom. B) a ring. C) an aromatic group. D) an alkyl group.

D) an alkyl group.

The most unique property of carbon is its ability to A) form four bonds. B) bond to oxygen. C) bond to nitrogen. D) bond to carbon.

D) bond to carbon.

147) The name of the compound CH3CH2CH2CONH2 is A) ethanamide. B) propylamine. C) butanoic acid. D) butanamide.

D) butanamide.

17) What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH2CH2CH3? A) methane B) ethane C) propane D) butane

D) butane

99) Aldehydes and ketones share a common functional group. The group is the A) hydroxyl group. B) phenol group. C) ether group. D) carbonyl group.

D) carbonyl group.

109) The functional group of the organic acids is the A) hydroxyl group. B) amine group. C) carbonyl group. D) carboxyl group.

D) carboxyl group.

22) The process of positron emission can be considered as the A) conversion of a neutron to a proton and a positron. The positron is emitted. B) conversion of a neutron to a proton and an electron. The electron is emitted. C) conversion of a proton to a neutron and a positron. The neutron is emitted. D) conversion of a proton to an neutron and a positron. The positron is emitted.

D) conversion of a proton to an neutron and a positron. The positron is emitted.

95) Compounds that have two alkyl groups attached to an oxygen atom are called A) alcohols. B) phenols. C) esters. D) ethers.

D) ethers.

57) Which of the following is an aromatic compound? A) butene B) hexyne C) ethane D) ethylbenzene

D) ethylbenzene

65) Although Albert Einstein is considered one of the greatest scientists of all time, his work generally did not involve much of an aspect that is traditionally associated with science. That aspect is A) creativity. B) mathematics. C) theories. D) experiments.

D) experiments.

61) Which type of radioactive emission is very similar to X-rays? A) positron B) electron C) alpha D) gamma ray

D) gamma ray

66) In general, CFCs are A) solids with high melting points. B) solids with low melting points. C) liquids with high boiling points. D) gases or liquids with low boiling points

D) gases or liquids with low boiling points

24) The compounds CH3CH3 and CH3CH2CH3 are A) isomers. B) allotropes. C) isotopes. D) homologs.

D) homologs.

36) A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen is a(n) A) alcohol. B) carbohydrate. C) homolog. D) hydrocarbon.

D) hydrocarbon.

42) Methane, benzene, 1-butyne, and 2-pentene are all examples of A) alkenes. B) alkanes. C) aromatic compounds. D) hydrocarbons.

D) hydrocarbons.

38) The isotope that is used for the dating of brandy is A) uranium-238. B) lead-210. C) carbon-14. D) hydrogen-3

D) hydrogen-3

93) A phenol has a(n) ________ group attached to a benzene ring. A) amino B) carbonyl C) carboxyl D) hydroxyl

D) hydroxyl

77) The often tedious process by which a naturally occurring mixture of isotopes is separated and concentrated is called A) isotopic transmutation. B) isotopic ionization. C) isotopic synthesis. D) isotopic enrichment.

D) isotopic enrichment.

88) Give a use for depleted uranium. A) design jewelry B) form car bodies C) make coins D) make armor plating

D) make armor plating

3) The major part of the average exposure of humans to radiation comes from A) nuclear power plants. B) diagnostic X-rays. C) other human made sources. D) naturally occurring sources.

D) naturally occurring sources.

44) When nitrogen-14 is bombarded by alpha particles , a proton is produced. What other particle is emitted? A) a neutron B) oxygen-16 C) a positron D) oxygen-17

D) oxygen-17

124) An analgesic is a substance that acts as a(n) A) fever reducer. B) disinfectant. C) anesthetic. D) pain reliever.

D) pain reliever.

2) The diameter of an atom is 100,000 times as great as the diameter of its nucleus. If an atom could be expanded to the size of a classroom the nucleus would be about the size of a A) BB. B) marble. C) basketball. D) period at the end of a sentence.

D) period at the end of a sentence.

91) Compounds with a hydroxyl group attached directly to a benzene ring are called A) alcohols. B) aromatic hydrocarbons. C) ethers. D) phenols

D) phenols

116) The salts of carboxylic acids, such as sodium benzoate, are often used in foods as A) flavor enhancers. B) colorings. C) sweeteners. D) preservatives.

D) preservatives.

55) The medical application of cobalt-60 is A) brain scans. B) bone density determination C) eye tumor detection. D) radiation cancer therapy.

D) radiation cancer therapy.

14) When radium-223 undergoes alpha decay, what other product is formed? A) radium-219 B) radium-224 C) actinium-224 D) radon-219

D) radon-219

64) Gamma rays can be stopped by A) a sheet of paper. B) a thin aluminum sheet. C) a block of wood. D) several centimeters of lead.

D) several centimeters of lead.

72) In nuclear fusion, A) large unstable nuclei are fused together, and then split with the release of binding energy. B) large, relatively unstable, nuclei are split releasing binding energy. C) small, relatively stable, nuclei are split releasing binding energy. D) smaller, relatively stable, nuclei are forced together to create a larger nucleus with the release of binding energy.

D) smaller, relatively stable, nuclei are forced together to create a larger nucleus with the release of binding energy.

8) Carbon is almost always A) monovalent. B) divalent. C) trivalent. D) tetravalent.

D) tetravalent.

78) Stagg Field, at the University of Chicago, is where A) nuclear fission was discovered. B) radioactivity was discovered. C) nuclear fusion was discovered. D) the first nuclear pile was built.

D) the first nuclear pile was built.

79) Which of the following was NOT a goal of the Manhattan project? A) to isolate enriched uranium-235 B) to produce plutonium-239 C) constructing a bomb based on nuclear fission D) to determine the amount of uranium-235 needed for an atomic power plant

D) to determine the amount of uranium-235 needed for an atomic power plant

59) In positron emission tomography (PET), a positron collides with an electron and the two particles disappear in a burst of A) an alpha particle and a gamma ray. B) two beta particles. C) a neutron and an alpha particle. D) two gamma rays.

D) two gamma rays

1) A compound that has the general formula CnH2n will be an alkyne.

false

12) The carboxyl functional group contains both a carbonyl group and an amino group.

false

13) Carboxylic acids generally have very pleasant odors.

false

15) Microwave reactors are used to speed up reaction rates and to increase the amount of energy needed for a reaction.

false

17) Amines are acidic compounds.

false

6) A compound that has at least one double bond is aromatic.

false

7) Benzene has a carboxyl group attached to the ring.

false

9) Most alcohols are very safe to ingest

false

10) Diethyl ether is highly flammable.

true

11) The structure of the carbonyl group is C=O.

true

14) "On water" procedures utilize rapid stirring to produce a suspension of reactants with large surface areas to increase reaction rates.

true

16) A compound that contains a -NH2 group is an amine.

true

18) Alkaloids, such as caffeine and cocaine, are basic compounds.

true

2) C5H12 is an alkane.

true

3) C4H8 is an alkene.

true

4) More than half of the ethylene produced in the United States every year is used for the manufacture of polyethylene

true

5) The reaction between hydrogen and the double bonds of alkenes is an example of an addition reaction.

true

8) Chlorinated hydrocarbons have been used as insecticides.

true