chem final

Which of the following containers of water best shows dynamic equilibrium between vapor and liquid? a. b. c. d.

a

Which structure represents a nonpolar molecule? a. b. c. d.

a.

Which of the following shows the correct number of atoms of each element in the formula Mg(NO3)2? a. 1 magnesium atom, 2 nitrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms b. 1 magnesium atom, 2 nitrogen atoms, and 5 oxygen atoms c. 1 magnesium atom, 1 nitrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms d. 1 magnesium atom, 1 nitrogen atoms, and 5 oxygen atoms

a. 1 magnesium atom, 2 nitrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms

Calculate the number of moles of lithium phosphate, Li3PO4, in 2.2 L of a 0.60 M Li3PO4 solution. a. 1.3 mol Li3PO4 b. 0.27 mol Li3PO4 c. 3.7 mol Li3PO4 d. 0.60 mol Li3PO4

a. 1.3 mol Li3PO4

Which of the following solutions will have the greatest concentration? a. 2 moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution b. 0.3 mole of solute dissolved in 0.6 liter of solution c. 2 moles of solute dissolved in 10 liters of solution d. 0.1 mole of solute dissolved in 0.5 liter of solution

a. 2 moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution

Which pair of solutions would be acidic if mixed in equation quantities? a. A & B b. B & C c. B & D d. C & D

a. A & B

What is the correct formula for aluminum chloride? a. AlCl3 b. Al3Cl c. Al2Cl3 d. AlCl

a. AlCl3

What is the formula for diboron trioxide? a. B2O3 b. 2B3O c. BO d. Bi2O3

a. B2O3

The correct formula for copper (I) bromide is a. CuBr b. CuBr2 c. Cu2Br d. Cu2Br3

a. CuBr

Which of the following is a balanced equation? a. H2 + Br2 → 2 HBr b. H2 + Br2 → HBr c. H2 + 2 Br2 → 2 HBr d. 2 H2 + Br2 → HBr

a. H2 + Br2 → 2 HBr

The formula for magnesium chloride is a. MgCl2 b. MnCl c. Mg2Cl3 d. MnCl2

a. MgCl2

The formula for dinitrogen tetroxide is a. N2O4 b. N3O3 c. N2O2 d. NO

a. N2O4

Which of these is NOT required to ensure that stock solutions are free of contamination? a. Store all solutions in brown bottles. b. Do not place used dropping pipettes in stock solution bottles. c. Never return excess chemicals to stock bottles. d. Replace tops on reagent bottles after use.

a. Store all solutions in brown bottles.

What is the name of the compound with the formula NH4NO3? a. ammonium nitrate b. nitrogen nitrate c. nitrogen hydrogen oxide d. ammonium nitrogen trioxide

a. ammonium nitrate

H2O (l) ⇄ H2O (g) Water molecules in a sealed jar are in a state of dynamic equilibrium because water vapor molecules a. are condensing at the same rate that others are evaporating. b. cease to form when the air in the jar becomes saturated. c. are evaporating faster than they are condensing. d. form only at high temperatures.

a. are condensing at the same rate that others are evaporating.

What is the name for the compound CaSO4? a. calcium sulfate b. calcium sulfide c. calcium sulfur oxide d. calcium sulfur oxygen

a. calcium sulfate

Which element will most likely form covalent bonds with fluorine? a. carbon b. potassium c. neon d. tin

a. carbon

The figures shows an experimental setup used to separate the components of a colored ink sample. Which of the following describes this laboratory technique? a. chromatography b. filtration c. decanting d. distillation

a. chromatography

A change in which of these could affect the chemical equilibrium of a closed system? a. concentration b. pressure c. catalyst d. volume e. temperature

a. concentration b. pressure d. volume e. temperature

Which basic lab technique involves the separation of a mixtures components through differences in particle size? a. filtration b. extraction c. distillation d. crystallization

a. filtration

What does pH measure? a. hydrogen ion concentration b. hydroxide ion concentration c. acid density d. base density

a. hydrogen ion concentration

Bonding between two nonmetal elements of equal electronegativity would be a. nonpolar covalent b. primarily ionic c. polar covalent d. metallic in character

a. nonpolar covalent

Two electrons are shared equally in bromine (Br2). What type of bond is represented between the bromine atoms in this Lewis structure? a. nonpolar covalent bond b. polar covalent bond c. metallic bond d. ionic bond

a. nonpolar covalent bond

A student is studying the effects of several solutions on the prevention of the browning of apples. The students used solutions having different pH values and immersed three apple slices in equal volumes of each of the solutions. Which of these is the independent variable in this investigation? a. pH of solution b. shade of brown c. number of apple slices d. volume of solutions

a. pH of solution

Which of the following is the name of the molecule PCl3? a. phosphorus trichloride b. phosphorus chloride c. potassium trichloride d. potassium chloride

a. phosphorus trichloride

This equation represents which type of chemical reaction? Al (s) + 3 AgNO3 (aq) ⟶ Al(NO3)3 (aq) + 3 Ag (s) a. single replacement b. double replacement c. decomposition d. synthesis

a. single replacement

The name of the salt formed by the neutralization of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide is a. sodium chloride. b. sodium chlorate. c. sodium chlorite. d. sodium hypochlorite.

a. sodium chloride.

When CuSO4•5 H2O is heated in a crucible, there is a loss of water. How should a student determine the amount of water lost? a. subtract the mass of the CuSO4 from the mass of the CuSO4•5 H2O b. subtract the mass of the CuSO4•5 H2O from the mass of the CuSO4 c. add the masses of CuSO4•5 H2O and CuSO4 d. multiply the masses of CuSO4•5 H2O and CuSO4

a. subtract the mass of the CuSO4 from the mass of the CuSO4•5 H2O

Covalent bonds mainly occur between a. two nonmetallic elements. b. two metallic elements. c. one metallic element and one nonmetallic element. d. one metalloid and one metallic element

a. two nonmetallic elements.

What is the oxidation number (charge) of an oxide ion? a. -1 b. -2 c. +2 d. +1

b. -2

The diagram above is a potential energy curve for a reaction. Which number represents the effect of a catalyst on the reaction? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

b. 2

When this equation is balanced, the coefficient in front of H3PO4 is ____ Ca(NO3)2 + ____ H3PO4 ⟶ ____ Ca3(PO4)2 + ____ HNO3 a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

b. 2

Which is the balanced chemical reaction for the following: aluminum + sulfuric acid → aluminum sulfate + hydrogen gas. a. Al + H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + H2 b. 2 Al + 3 H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2 c. 2 Al + 3 H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + H2 d. 2 Al + H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + H2

b. 2 Al + 3 H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2

When magnesium metal (Mg) is burned it forms MgO. Write the balanced equation for this reaction. a. Mg ⟶ MgO b. 2 Mg + O2 ⟶ 2 MgO c. Mg + O ⟶ MgO d. Mg + O2 ⟶ MgO2

b. 2 Mg + O2 ⟶ 2 MgO

How many electrons does the iron ion have when it forms the ionic compound FeCl3, iron (III) chloride? a. 20 b. 23 c. 26 d. 29

b. 23

How many moles of carbon dioxide (CO2) are produced when reacting 6.00 moles of butane (C4H10) in excess oxygen (O2)? a. 1.50 mol b. 24.0 mol c. 66.0 mol d. 1 060 mol

b. 24.0 mol

Which of these sets of coefficients will balance this equation? ? AgNO3 + ? AlCl3 → AgCl + Al(NO3)3 a. 3,3,2,1 b. 3,1,3,1 c. 1,6,1,9 d. 9,3,3,3

b. 3,1,3,1

How many moles of water are represented by 2.04×1024 molecules of H2O? a. 0.295 mol b. 3.39 mol c. 1.13×1024 mol d. 1.44×1048 mol

b. 3.39 mol

Based on its position in the periodic table, the element sulfur would be expected to have how many valence electrons? a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. 16

b. 6

Excess oxygen gas (O2) reacts with 244 g of iron (Fe); 348 g of iron (III) oxide should have formed. However, only 332 grams of Fe2O3 actually formed. What is the percent yield for this reaction? a. 105 % b. 95.1 % c. 73.5 % d. 69.9 %

b. 95.1 %

A substance has a molecular formula of C8H10N4O2. The empirical formula is a. C2H6N2O b. C4H5N2O c. C9H7N3O d. CHNO

b. C4H5N2O

Which of the following occurs when a reaction in a solution is at equilibrium and more product is added to the solution? a. Equilibrium shifts to produce more product. b. Equilibrium shifts to produce more reactant. c. No change will occur. d. The reaction will stop.

b. Equilibrium shifts to produce more reactant.

A 1.0 M aqueous solution of which substance would have the lowest pH? a. NH3 b. HCl c. Ba(OH)2 d. NaF

b. HCl

Which is the base in the reaction? H2SO4 + KOH ⇄ H2O + K+1 + HSO4 -1 a. H2O b. KOH c. K+1 d. H2SO4

b. KOH

The formula for lithium nitride is a. LiN b. Li3N c. Li3N3 d. NLi3

b. Li3N

What is the molecular formula of a compound with a molar mass of 92.011 g and an empirical formula of NO2? a. NO5 b. N2O4 c. N3O3 d. N3O6

b. N2O4

Ulcers are often caused by an excess of stomach acid. Milk of magnesia is often used to soothe the irritation. Milk of magnesia is probably a. an acid. b. a base. c. an indicator. d. a colloid.

b. a base.

The most efficient way to determine whether a reaction is an exothermic chemical reaction is to use a. an oxygen probe. b. a thermometer. c. a barometer. d. a pH probe.

b. a thermometer.

According to the pH scale, which substance is slightly acidic? a. battery acid b. black coffee c. baking soda d. drain cleaner

b. black coffee

A balanced chemical equation has equal numbers of atoms of each type on both sides of the equation. This illustrates the principle of a. conservation of energy. b. conservation of mass. c. action and reaction. d. natural selection.

b. conservation of mass.

What is the name of the lab equipment to the left? a. watch glass b. crucible c. beaker d. evaporating dish

b. crucible

According to the periodic table, which of the following elements belong to the same period? Please mark all the elements for full credit. a. aluminum b. germanium c. antimony d. arsenic e. gallium

b. germanium d. arsenic e. gallium

Which of the four substances on this pH scale is slightly basic? a. calcium hydroxide b. human blood c. whole milk d. lemon juice

b. human blood

Which condition will cause a shift in the equilibrium of the above reaction? 2 HCl (g) ⇄ H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) a. double the concentration of reactants and products b. increase the reaction temperature c. reduce the concentration of products and reactants by 10% d. keep the reaction temperature constant

b. increase the reaction temperature

Which of the following is the correct name for the compound MnF3? a. manganese fluoride (III) b. manganese (III) fluoride c. manganese (I) fluoride (III) d. manganese (III) fluoride (III)

b. manganese (III) fluoride

A common product of acid-base neutralization reactions is a. hydrogen. b. water. c. carbon dioxide. d. oxygen.

b. water.

Using the table, what is the correct formula for ammonium phosphate? a. NH4PO4 b. (NH4)2(PO4)3 c. (NH4)3PO4 d. NH4(PO4)3

c. (NH4)3PO4

A student measures the mass of a 1.00 g aluminum rod as 0.99 g. The percent error associated with this measurement is a. - 0.01 % b. - 0.1 % c. - 1 % d. - 10 %

c. - 1 %

If 250.0 mL of a 0.96 M solution of acetic acid (HC2H3O2) are diluted to 800.0 mL what will be the approximate molarity of the final solution? a. 0.19 M b. 0.24 M c. 0.30 M d. 0.77 M

c. 0.30 M

What is the molarity of a solution with 0.2 moles of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) dissolved in enough water to make a 0.5000 L solution? a. 0.000 4 M b. 0.1 M c. 0.4 M d. 100 M

c. 0.4 M

What is the molarity of a solution with 0.2 moles of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) dissolved in enough water to make a 500.0 mL solution? a. 0.000 4 M b. 0.1 M c. 0.4 M d. 100 M

c. 0.4 M

Elements from which two groups in the periodic table would most likely combine with each other to form an ionic compound? a. 1 & 2 b. 16 & 17 c. 1 & 17 d. 17 & 18

c. 1 & 17

0.67 L solution of ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4, contains 0.81 mole of the solute. What is the approximate molarity of the solution? a. 0.54 M b. 0.83 M c. 1.2 M d. 1.5 M

c. 1.2 M

According to the periodic table, Mg will most likely react with elements in which of these groups? a. 1 b. 3 c. 17 d. 18

c. 17

How many moles of oxygen, O2, are in the chemical equation when balanced using the lowest whole numbers? ____C2H4 + ____ O2 ⟶ ____ CO2 + ____ H2O a. 5 b. 4 c. 3 d. 2

c. 3

Which of the following is most likely the electronegativity value for chlorine? a. 2.3 b. 2.7 c. 3.0 d. 4.2

c. 3.0

When 80 g of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, are dissolved in enough water to make 500 mL of solution, the molarity of the solution is a. 1 M b. 2 M c. 4 M d. 8 M

c. 4 M

What is the best estimate of the pH of a solution that has a hydroxide ion concentration of 1.25×10-5 M? a. -4.903 b. 4.903 c. 9.097 d. -9.097

c. 9.097

The correct formula of an ionic compound containing Al+3 and CO3 -2 is a. AlCO3 b. Al(ClO3)3 c. Al2(CO3)3 d. Al3(CO3)2

c. Al2(CO3)3

The empirical formula for a substance is CH2. If the molecular mass of the substance is 56, the molecular formula is a. C2H4. b. C3H6. c. C4H8. d. C5H10.

c. C4H8.

Which of the following aqueous solutions will cause litmus paper to turn red? a. NaOH b. NaCl c. HCl d. H2O

c. HCl

Which of the following best represents the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide? a. 2 HCl + 2 NaOH ⟶ Na(OH)2 + H2Cl2 b. HCl2 + 2Na(OH)2 ⟶ 2H2O + 2NaCl + OH-1 c. HCl + NaOH ⟶ H2O + NaCl d. 2HCl + Na(OH)2 ⟶ 2 H2 + Na+1 + Cl-1 + O2

c. HCl + NaOH ⟶ H2O + NaCl

Chlorine and bromine are in the same family in the periodic table. According to the information in the table, what would be the correct formula for sodium bromate? a. NaBrO b. NaBrO2 c. NaBrO3 d. NaBrO4

c. NaBrO3

Which of these best describes the difference between the formulas for nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide? a. Nitrogen monoxide has one more atom of nitrogen. b. Nitrogen dioxide has one fewer atom of oxygen. c. Nitrogen monoxide has one fewer atom of oxygen. d. Nitrogen dioxide has one more atom of nitrogen.

c. Nitrogen monoxide has one fewer atom of oxygen.

A compound is composed of 39% phosphorus and 61% oxygen and the molar mass is 79 g/mol. What is the molecular formula for this compound? a. PO4 b. P2O4 c. PO3 d. P2O6

c. PO3

NO2 and N2O4 undergo the reaction shown. When a sealed container of NO2 reaches chemical equilibrium, which must be true? 2 NO2 (g) ⇄ N2O4 (g) a. No N2O4 is present. b. No chemical reactions are occurring. c. The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. d. The maximum number of molecules has been reached.

c. The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

The role of a catalyst is to affect a. electronegativity. b. heat content. c. activation energy. d. ionization energy.

c. activation energy.

Which of these elements contains four valence electrons? a. helium b. beryllium c. carbon d. oxygen

c. carbon

Using only one trial to collect data in an experiment a. makes it easier to determine a valid conclusion. b. reduces the percent error in the results. c. causes the conclusion to be less reliable. d. requires data with more significant figures.

c. causes the conclusion to be less reliable.

Le Châtelier's principle describes what happens to a system in equilibrium when a stress occurs. All of the following could shift an equilibrium EXCEPT a. changing the pressure on the system. b. changing the temperature of the system. c. changing the identity of the catalyst. d. changing the concentration of one of the components.

c. changing the identity of the catalyst.

What are shared in covalent bonds? a. cations b. protons c. electrons d. anions

c. electrons

If the difference in electronegativity between atoms of different non-metals is small, the atoms of the two non-metals will most likely a. form an ionic bond. b. form a hydrogen bond. c. form a covalent bond. d. form a metallic bond.

c. form a covalent bond.

If the above diagram were the correct representation for the Lewis structure of a molecule, then the X would be representative of the element a. oxygen. b. fluorine. c. nitrogen. d. sulfur.

c. nitrogen.

Sulfur is represented by the following Lewis dot structure. Which of the elements has the same Lewis structure? a. chlorine b. magnesium c. oxygen d. phosphorus

c. oxygen

In chemical compounds, covalent bonds form when a. the electronegativity difference between two atoms is very large. b. electrons are completely transferred between two metals. c. pairs of electrons are shared between two nonmetal atoms. d. two nonmetal ions are attracted to each other by opposite charges.

c. pairs of electrons are shared between two nonmetal atoms.

In the formula for barium chloride, BaCl2, barium (Ba) is written first because it is a. a single atom. b. a larger atom. c. the positive ion. d. the negative ion.

c. the positive ion.

What is the chemical name for the compound P3N5? a. triphosphorus nitride b. phosphorus (III) nitride c. triphsophorus pentanitride d. pentaphosphorus trinitride

c. triphsophorus pentanitride

In the Haber process, nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) are directly combined to form ammonia (NH3). Which illustration contains the stoichiometric quantities of the reactants for this reaction? N2 + 3 H2 ⟶ 2 NH3 a. b. c. d.

d.

When ionic compounds are named, the name of a monatomic anion will end in which of the following suffixes? a. -ic b. -ite c. -ate d. -ide

d. -ide

If the pH of a solution is 4, what is the pOH? a. 0 b. 6 c. 7 d. 10

d. 10

W + X → Y + Z How many grams of product Z will be formed if 12.0 g of W react with 10.0 g of X to form 8.0 g of product Y in the reaction shown? a. 8.0 g b. 10.0 g c. 12.0 g d. 14.0 g

d. 14.0 g

The coefficients of the correctly balanced equation for the reaction illustrated above are a. 1, 1, 1 b. 1, 1, 2 c. 2, 1, 2 d. 2, 2, 1

d. 2, 2, 1

How many grams of nitrogen are present in 2 moles of HNO3? a. 1 g b. 2 g c. 14.01 g d. 28.02 g

d. 28.02 g

Al + HCl → AlCl3 + H2 When the above equation is balanced, the coefficient of the hydrochloric acid will be a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 6

d. 6

The diagram shows the structural formula benzene. The empirical and molecular formulas of benzene are, respectively a. CH, C2H2 b. CH, C3H3 c. C3H3, C6H6 d. CH, C6H6

d. CH, C6H6

Which of these compounds is most likely to contain an ionic bond? a. H2 b. SO2 c. CH4 d. CaCl2

d. CaCl2

What is the chemical formula for iron (II) phosphide? a. Fe2P b. Fe2P3 c. FeP2 d. Fe3P2

d. Fe3P2

One example of an ionic compound is a. F2. b. CO2. c. HBr. d. MgCl2.

d. MgCl2.

Which compound has a covalent bond? a. CaI2 b. KBr c. NaCl d. NO

d. NO

What is the name for the compound AlI3? a. aluminum (I) iodide b. aluminum triiodide c. aluminum (III) iodide d. aluminum iodide

d. aluminum iodide

Which of these is most likely to form between elements transferring electrons to form oppositely charged particles? a. a metallic bond b. a hydrogen bond c. a covalent bond d. an ionic bond

d. an ionic bond

An alien astronaut landed on Earth and created the periodic trying to determine what type of bond would be present in several compounds. The type of bond in a compound containing G and E would be a. a metallic bond. b. a nonmetallic bond. c. a covalent bond. d. an ionic bond.

d. an ionic bond.

Catalytic converters made of palladium (Pd) reduce automobile pollution by catalyzing the reaction between unburned hydrocarbons and oxygen. How does Pd increase the rate of this reaction? a. by cooling the reactants b. by splitting the oxygen atoms c. by giving the hydrocarbons a negative charge d. by decreasing the activity energy

d. by decreasing the activity energy

Methyl mercury, found in some stream sediments, is highly toxic to animal life. Using the graphed results of the study shown, the best analysis of the data reveals that the methyl mercury concentration in the stream sediment is a. steadily increasing, accelerating in the fall of each year. b. increasing overall, but reaches a minimum in the winter. c. constantly declining throughout each month of the year. d. decreasing but reaches a maximum at the end of summer.

d. decreasing but reaches a maximum at the end of summer.

The correct name for P2O5 is a. phosphorus (V) pentoxide b. phosphorus oxide c. phosphorus (II) oxide d. diphosphorus pentoxide

d. diphosphorus pentoxide

Which type of chemical reaction does this equation represent? 2 Al(C2H3O2)3 + 3 BaSO4 ⟶ Al2(SO4)3 + 3 Ba(C2H3O2)2 a. synthesis b. neutralization c. oxidation-reduction d. double replacement

d. double replacement

What is the name for FeCl3 using the IUPAC nomenclature rules? a. iron chloride b. iron (II) chloride c. iron trichloride d. iron (III) chloride

d. iron (III) chloride

What is the name of the compound PbO2? a. lead oxide b. lead dioxide c. lead (II) oxide d. lead (IV) oxide

d. lead (IV) oxide

The correct name for Mg3(PO4)2 is a. magnesium phosphite. b. trimagnesium phosphate c. magnesium (III) phosphate d. magnesium phosphate

d. magnesium phosphate

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is spilled on a laboratory bench. Which chemical would be useful for neutralizing the acid? a. aluminum chloride (AlCl3) b. potassium nitrate (KNO3) c. silver iodide (AgI) d. sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

d. sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

The picture shows a filtration process. Which of these is least likely to pass into the test tube? a. dissolved gases b. dissolved salts c. liquid particles d. solid particles

d. solid particles

What is the correct name for the compound P4O6? a. phosphoric acid b. phosphorus oxide c. phosphorus (IV) oxide d. tetraphosphorus hexoxide

d. tetraphosphorus hexoxide