Chemistry 107: Final
Many medicines have a bitter taste which manufacturers attempt to disguise. Many medicines are probably A) acids. B) salts. C) bases. D) neutral.
C. bases
By definition, acid rain has a pH A) below 1. B) below 4. C) below 5.6. D) above 7.
C. below 5.6
(know the electron dot formula of carbon monoxide)
...
A substance that is reduced as a lead-acid storage battery (Pb + PbO2 + 2 H2SO4 → 2 PbSO4 + 2 H2O) generates an electric current is A) PbO2. B) PbSO4. C) Pb. D) H2SO4.
A. PbO2
The mass of one mole of nucleons is A) 1 gram. B) 1 atomic mass unit (u). C) equivalent to the mass of the electron. D) 0.
A) 1 gram.
Which of the following is a chemical change? A) Silkworms convert mulberry leaves into silk. B) Bleaching powder dissolves in water. C) The hair stylist cuts your hair. D) Wool is spun into yarn.
A. Silkworms convert mulberry leaves into silk
Give an example of an amphiprotic compound. A) sulfuric acid B) ammonia C) sodium chloride D) water
A. Sulfuric acid
How many moles of water molecules are in 237 g (about a cup) of water? A) 13.2 B) 237 C) 6.02 × 1023 D) 7.92 × 1024
A. 13.2
What is the molar mass of N2O? A) 44 g/mole B) 44 u C) 60 g/mole D) 60 u
A. 44 g/mole
Which of the following statements about bases is correct? A) All of these statements are correct. B) Bases feel slippery when wet. C) Bases turn litmus blue. D) Bases taste bitter.
A. All of these statements are correct.
In which of the following is the reactant undergoing reduction? (Note: These reactions are not complete chemical equations.) A) C2H4O → C2H6O B) C2H4O → C2H4O2 C) CO → CO2 D)CH4 → CO
A. C2H4O → C2H6O
Which element is an inner transition metal? A) Ce B) K C) Ba D) Zr
A. Ce
Consider the following reaction: 2 Fe + 3 Mg2+ → 2 Fe3+ + 3 Mg The half-reaction for the oxidation in this reaction is A) Fe → Fe3+ + 3e- B) Fe3+ + 3e- → Fe C) Mg → Mg2+ + 2e- D) Mg2+ + 2e- → Mg
A. Fe → Fe3+ + 3e-
The existence of positively charged particles in gas discharge tubes was first experimentally verified by A) Goldstein. B) Dalton. C) Faraday. D) Lavoisier.
A. Goldstein.
For which of the following is hydrogen bonding NOT a factor? A) H2S B) NH3 C) HF D) CH3OH
A. H2S
An oxidizing agent that was used in older versions of the Breathalyzer test is A) K2Cr2O7 (potassium dichromate). B) O3 (ozone). C) NaHClO (sodium hypochlorite). D) AgBr (silver bromide).
A. K2Cr2O7 (potassium dichromate).
Which one of the following is a free radical? A) NO2 B) H2O C) NH3 D) CCl4
A. NO2
This compound is a powerful oxidizing agent and a harmful pollutant; yet a layer of it in the upper stratosphere serves as a shield from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. A) O3 (ozone) B) O2 C) SO3 D) CO2
A. O3 (ozone)
A liter of solid carbon and a liter of oxygen gas at the same temperature and pressure react to produce carbon dioxide. Using the law of combining volumes, how many liters of carbon dioxide will be produced? A) The law of combining volumes applies only to reactions involving all gases. B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
A. The law of combining volumes applies on;y to reactions involving all gases.
Hydrocyanic acid is classified as a weak acid in water. This means that it produces A) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions. B) no hydronium ions. C) a relatively large fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions. D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.
A. a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.
The nature of bonding forces in matter influences which of the following observable properties of the matter? A) all of the above B) the state of the matter at room temperature C) the strength and rigidity D) the optical property
A. all of the above
The name of the compound with the formula AlCl3 is A) aluminum chloride. B) aluminum trichloride. C) monoaluminum trichlorine. D) aluminum(III) chloride.
A. aluminum chloride.
In the photosynthesis reaction: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2, the substance that serves as the oxidizing agent is A) carbon dioxide. B) water. C) sunlight. D) glucose, C6H12O6.
A. carbon dioxide
A solid is characterized by a(n) A) definite shape and definite volume. B) definite shape and indefinite volume. C) indefinite shape and definite volume. D) indefinite shape and indefinite volume.
A. definite shape and definite volume.
Ethane has the formula CH3CH3. What is the predominant intermolecular force between ethane molecules? A) dispersion forces B) dipole forces C) hydrogen bonds D) ionic bonds
A. dispersion forces.
Nickel, platinum, and palladium are used as catalysts for reactions for hydrogen. These metals have A) great catalytic activity and lots of surface area, so hydrogen absorbed on the surface of these metals is more reactive than ordinary hydrogen gas. B) great catalytic activity and not much of surface area, so hydrogen absorbed on the surface of these metals is less reactive than ordinary hydrogen gas. C) little catalytic activity and lots of surface area, so hydrogen absorbed on the surface of these metals is more reactive than ordinary hydrogen gas. D) great catalytic activity and lots of surface area, so hydrogen absorbed on the surface of these metals is less reactive than ordinary hydrogen gas.
A. great catalytic activity and lots of surface area, so hydrogen absorbed on the surface of these metals is more reactive than ordinary hydrogen gas.
The atomic masses for elements are A) relative masses determined by comparison with a standard reference. B) actual masses determined by weighing individual atoms. C) the same as the atomic number. D) unknown.
A. relative masses determined by comparison with a standard reference.
List the disadvantage of using supercritical carbon dioxide. A) Special equipment is needed for the high temperature and high pressure. B) Oils are isolated from the plant source. C) Precision electrical parts are degreased. D) Coffee is decaffeinated.
A. special equipment is needed for the high temperature and high pressure.
The process by which a solid is converted to a gas is called A) sublimation. B) vaporization. C) liquefaction. D) condensation.
A. sublimation.
Which discovery was NOT in conflict with Dalton's atomic theory? A) the discovery of the element gallium B) the discovery of the electron C) the discovery of electrical charge D) the discovery of the proton
A. the discovery of the element gallium
Octane (C8H18 ) reacts with oxygen (O2) to form carbon monoxide (CO) and water (H2O). When the equation below is balanced, the coefficient of oxygen is: C8H18 + O2 → CO + H2O A) 9 B) 17 C) 25 D) 26
B) 17
The oxidation number for l in F2 is A) -1. B) 0. C) +1. D) +2.
B. 0.
The density of N2 gas at STP is A) 1.00 g/L. B) 1.25 g/L. C) 1.43 g/L. D) 1.69 g/L.
B. 1.25 g/L.
In the balanced chemical reaction for the neutralization of calcium hydroxide with sulfuric acid, H2SO4, the coefficient of water is A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 4.
B. 2
Two mole is of carbon is equal to A) 6.022 × 1023 atoms of carbons. B) 24.022 grams of carbon. C) Avogadro's number of atoms. D) all of the above.
B. 24.022 grams of carbon
On Mars, gravity is one-third that on Earth. What would be the mass on Mars of a person who has a mass of 270 kilograms (kg) on Earth? A) 30 kg B) 270 kg C) 90 kg D) 180 kg
B. 270 kg
What mass of KOH is needed to make 200.0 mL of 0.500 M KOH? A) 0.500 g B) 5.600 g C) 56.00 g D) 200.0 g
B. 5.600 g
The pH = -log[H+] for a solution. The pOH = -log[OH-] for a solution. The pH and pOH are related, and their sum is equal to 14 (pH + pOH = 14). If the concentration of a dilute solution of potassium hydroxide is 0.00001 M, what is the pH of that solution? A) 5 B) 9 C) 10 D) 11
B. 9
Which of the following is NOT true of the Arrhenius theory? A) Acids are defined as compounds that produce H+ ions in water solution. B) Acids are defined as compounds that produce OH- ions in water solution. C) Arrhenius theory only applies to reactions in aqueous solution. D) Bases are defined as compounds that produce OH- ions in water solution.
B. Acids are defined as compounds that produce OH- ions in water solutions
Which of the following molecules is polar? A) F2 B) CHCl3 C) CF4 D) CO2
B. CHCl3
The kinetic-molecular theory of gases assumes which of the following? A) There are weak but significant interactions between gas molecules. B) Gas molecules move constantly and in straight lines. C) The average kinetic energy of gas molecules will increase when you lower the temperature of the gas. D) The total amount of energy will change when gas molecules collide.
B. Gas molecules move constantly and in straight lines.
Which of the following is NOT true for a scientific law? A) It summarizes observed scientific data. B) It explains observed scientific data. C) It is often stated in mathematical terms. D) It is universal and will hold everywhere under the stated conditions.
B. It explains observed scientific data.
For which atom is it difficult to predict the most probable ionic charge using the periodic table? A) Na B) K C) Mn D) Br
B. K
When added to water, which of the following would produce an acid? A) Ca B) NO2 C) Na2O D) NH3
B. NO2
The element with the ground state electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 is A) Mg. B) Na. C) Mn. D) Fe.
B. Na.
Which of the following statements is true for electrochemical cells? A) Oxidation occurs at the cathode. B) Oxidation occurs at the anode. C) Reduction occurs at the anode. D) Both oxidation and reduction occur at the cathode.
B. Oxidation occurs at the anode
The temperature at which a liquid boils is the boiling point of the liquid. The boiling point is an indication of the intermolecular forces that hold the matter in the liquid state. Water, H2O, boils at 100°C. Ethanol, C2H6O boils at 78°C. Ammonia, NH3, boils at -33°C. Which one of the following ranks the intermolecular forces in these liquids from the strongest to the weakest? A) Water > Ammonia > Ethanol B) Water > Ethanol > Ammonia C) Ethanol > Water > Ammonia D) Ammonia > Ethanol > Water
B. Water > Ethanol > Ammonia
A buffer A) resists changes in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. B) All of the above are true. C) is made up of a weak base and its conjugate acid. D) is made up of a weak acid and its conjugate base.
B. all of the above are true.
Mendeleev arranged elements in the periodic table primarily in order of their... A) atomic weights. B) atomic masses. C) both atomic weights and atomic masses. D) number of neutrons.
B. atomic masses
Noble gases are unreactive because of their electronic structures. The kind of reasoning that states "if other elements could be made to achieve noble gas electronic structures they would be more stable" is called A) logic. B) deductive reasoning. C) inductive reasoning. D) critical thinking.
B. deductive reasoning.
Liquid hydrogen is used as one part of the booster fuel in the space shuttle. What type of forces exist between hydrogen molecules in liquid hydrogen? A) hydrogen bonding B) dispersion forces C) dipole forces D) ionic bonds
B. dispersion forces
In which group do all atoms have seven valence electrons in the ground state? A) alkaline earth metals B) halogens C) alkali metals D) noble gases
B. halogens
Given their mode of action, antiseptics are generally best classified as A) reducing agents. B) oxidizing agents. C) acids. D) bases.
B. oxidizing agents
In attempting to explain the line spectrum of hydrogen, Bohr suggested that the energy of electrons in atoms is A) zero. B) quantized. C) continuous. D) infinite.
B. quantized
Which atom is least likely to form an ion? A) chlorine B) silicon C) magnesium D) oxygen
B. silicon
A train robber in a western movie steals three gold ingots, each of which has a volume of 1000. cm3. The density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3. What is the mass of the THREE ingots? A) 38.6 g B) 19,300 g C) 38,600 g D) 57,900g
C) 38,600 g
Identify the particle that is the least penetrating. A) gamma, γ B) beta, β C) alpha, α D) delta, δ
C) alpha, α
An d sublevel can hold a maximum of A) 2 electrons. B) 6 electrons. C) 10 electrons. D) 14 electrons.
C. 10 electrons.
Use the ideal gas law to calculate the volume occupied by 2.00 mol of nitrogen gas at 4.00 atm pressure and at 27°C. R = 0.0821 L * atm/(K*mol). A) 2.00 L B) 4.00 L C) 12.30 L D) 22.40 L
C. 12.30 L
The freezing point of water on the Kelvin temperature scale is A) 0 K. B) 100 K. C) 273 K. D) 373 K.
C. 273 K.
In the reaction CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O, how many moles of oxygen are required to burn 32.0 g of methane? A) 1.0 B) 2.0 C) 4.0 D) 32
C. 4.0
Which of the following pairs is isoelectronic? A) Ar and Ne B) Ar and Na+ C) Ar and Cl- D) Ar and Se2-
C. Ar and Cl-
Which of the following compounds will have the highest melting point? A) SO3 B) N2H4 C) CaF2 D) SCl6
C. CaF2
Which set of compounds illustrates the Law of Multiple Proportions? A) CH4O, C2H6, C3H8 B) NO, NH3, NH4Cl C) H2O, H2O2 D) all of these
C. H2O, H2O2
Electrolytes are important substances in the chemistry of living systems. An electrolyte is a compound that A) contains electrons. B) generates light when electricity is applied. C) conducts electricity when melted or put into solution. D) contains electrodes.
C. conducts electricity when melted or put into solution.
With respect to energy content, reduced forms of matter are generally A) low in potential energy and often make good fuels. B) low in potential energy and are poor fuels. C) high in potential energy and often make good fuels. D) high in potential energy and are poor fuels.
C. high in potential energy and often make good fuels
A hydrogen ion, H+, is the same as a(n) A) hydroxide ion. B) electron. C) hydronium ion (also known as proton). D) hydrate.
C. hydronium ion (also know as a proton).
Lavoisier measured the mass of substances before and after chemical reactions and summarized his observations in a(n) A) hypothesis. B) observation. C) law. D) theory.
C. law.
Methapyrilene, once an active ingredient in certain over-the-counter sleeping pills, was found to be a potent carcinogen (a substance that causes cancer). The pills were also found to be about as effective as placebos in promoting sleep. The desirability quotient (DQ) for methapyrilene is A) high. B) moderate. C) low. D) uncertain.
C. low.
When combined with Thomson's determination of the mass to charge ratio of the electron, Millikan's experimental work allowed for the determination of the A) charge on the electron. B) speed of the electron. C) mass of the electron. D) all of the above.
C. mass of electron.
Identify the weakly basic solution. A) urine B) saliva C) milk of magnesia D) milk
C. milk of magnesia
Vinegar is composed of approximately 5% acetic acid and 95% water. Which one of the following is the best classification of vinegar? A) pure substance B) element C) mixture D) compound
C. mixture
The prefix micro means _________ . A) a billion B) one-millionth C) one-billionth D) a million
C. one-billionth
The most abundant element (by mass) in the human body is A) nitrogen. B) carbon. C) oxygen. D) water.
C. oxygen
In a solution, the solvent is A) always water. B) dissolved in the solute. C) present in larger amount than the solute is. D) always nonpolar.
C. present in larger amount that the solute is.
Antioxidants are A) oxidizing agents found in foods. B) fat-soluble. C) reducing agents found in foods. D) water soluble.
C. reducing agents found in foods.
If X can represent the chemical symbol of any element in the periodic table, then 238/92 X represents an isotope of A) calcium. B) niobium. C) uranium. D) lead.
C. uranium.
In the quantum mechanical view of the atom, electrons are confined to charge clouds called.. A) clouds. B) orbits. C) energy levels. D) orbitals.
D. orbitals.
Rutherford concluded that the nucleus of an atom is positively charged because A) some negatively charged alpha particles were deflected by the nucleus in the gold foil experiment. B) some positively charged beta particles were deflected by the nucleus in the gold foil experiment. C) some negatively charged beta particles were deflected by the nucleus in the gold foil experiment. D) some positively charged alpha particles were deflected by the nucleus in the gold foil experiment.
D) some positively charged alpha particles were deflected by the nucleus in the gold foil experiment.
Methanol A) does not dissolve in water and will conduct electricity. B) can dissolve in water and will conduct electricity. C) does not dissolve in water and will not conduct electricity. D) can dissolve in water and will not conduct electricity.
D. can dissolve in water and will not conduct electricity.
A device that generates an electrical current by taking advantage of a difference in the spontaneous tendency of substances to lose and gain electrons is called an A) electrolyte cell. B) electrolysis cell. C) electroplating cell. D) electrochemical cell.
D. electrochemical cell.
How many cubic meters are in 10000.0 cubic centimeters? A) 0.0000100 B) 0.000100 C) 0.00100 D) 0.0100
D. 0.0100
A gas is enclosed in a cylinder fitted with a piston. The volume of the gas is 5.00 L at 1.500 atm pressure. The piston is moved to increase the volume to 3.00 L. Which of the following is a reasonable value for the pressure of the gas at the greater volume? A) 1.00 atm B) 1.50 atm C) 2.00 atm D) 2.50 atm
D. 2.50 atm
Which orbital will have the highest energy? A) 2s B) 3p C) 4s D) 3d
D. 3d
How many grams of carbon are in 80.0 grams of CH4? A) 20.0 grams B) 30.0 grams C) 40.0 grams D) 60.0 grams
D. 60.0 grams
Lutefisk is a traditional Scandinavian food that is prepared by soaking a white fish, such as cod, in lye (NaOH). How does soaking the fish in lye "cook" it? A) A strong base will allow the fish to be heated to higher temperatures more quickly. B) A strong base will raise the pH of blood in the fish. C) A strong base will neutralize the fatty acids in the fish. D) A strong base will break down or "denature" the protein in the fish.
D. A strong base will break down or "denature" the protein in the fish
Which of the following statements about basic research is NOT correct? A) Basic research is conducted primarily in universities and research institutes. B) The results of basic research are often used as the basis for technological advances. C) Basic research is the search for knowledge for its own sake. D) Basic research is carried out to develop a particular product.
D. Basic research is carried out to develop a particular product.
The model for the atom which has electrons in fixed orbits was developed by.. A) Rutherford. B) Schrödinger. C) Einstein. D) Bohr.
D. Bohr
An element with 2 electrons in its outer shell is in which group on the periodic table? A) Group 5A B) Group 7A C) Group 6A D) Group 2A
D. Group 2A
The compound dinitrogen pentoxide would have the chemical formula A) NO3. B) N3O2. C) N2O3. D) N2O5.
D. N2O5.
ANFO is an explosive mixture of ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, and fuel oil. When this mixture explodes, the ammonium nitrate undergoes A) oxidation. B) reduction. C) neither oxidation nor reduction. D) both oxidation and reduction.
D. both oxidation and reduction
Phenolphthalein has often been used to monitor the progress of acid-base neutralization reactions. What color will phenolphthalein be if there is an excess of base present? A) colorless B) green C) yellow D) pink
D. pink
Which of the following elements will react most vigorously with chlorine? A) lithium B) potassium C) sodium D) rubidium
D. rubidium
Which of the following contains as many atoms as 36 g of water, H2O? A) three mole of nitrogen, N2 B) four moles of zinc, Zn C) five moles of sodium chloride, NaCl D) six moles of nitrogen, N2
D. six moles of nitrogen
The degree of order of matter is directly proportional to the cohesive forces that hold the matter together. In other words, the more organized the state of matter, the stronger the "glue" that holds it together. Which of the following ranks these cohesive forces from the state with the strongest to that with the weakest cohesive forces? A) gas > liquid > solid B) liquid > solid > gas C) solid = gas = liquid D) solid > liquid > gas
D. solid > liquid > gas
What acid is formed when SO2 is added to water? A) hydrosulfuric B) hydrosulfurous C) sulfuric D) sulfurous
D. sulfurous
Atom economy is A) having green starting materials. B) counting the atoms in the starting material and product. C) having green by-products. D) the calculation of the number of atoms conserved in the desired product rather than in waste.
D. the calculation of the number of atoms conserved in the desired product rather than in waste.
In a black-and-white photograph, the black area on the photographic negative represents A) a region where light did not fall and silver metal has been removed during development. B) the region where light fell and silver metal has been removed during development. C) a region where light did not fall and silver metal has been deposited during development. D) the region where light fell and silver metal has been deposited during development.
D. the region where light fell and silver metal has been deposited during development.
All of the following are true for green oxidation catalysts EXCEPT A) they are more efficient than traditional catalysts. B) they often rely on transition metals. C) they often allow reactions to run at lower temperatures. D) they are often carcinogenic
D. they are often carcinogenic
A useful broad view of reactions between acids and bases involves the A) ionization of atoms. B) transfer of electrons. C) conversion of protons into electrons. D) transfer of protons.
D. transfer of protons
The best description of the shape of a boron triichloride (BCl3) molecule is A) trigonal pyramidal. B) linear. C) tetrahedral. D) trigonal planar.
D. trigonal planar.