Chemistry 1.1-1.3
Matter is anything that has __1__ and occupies __2__.
1. mass 2. space
A chemist is likely to be working in __12__ area of chemistry at the same time.
12. two
Chemists design materials to fit __13__ needs.
13. specific
Objects that can be seen only under magnification are part of the __14__ world.
14. microscopic
Chemistry is important in the production and conservation of __15__.
15. energy
One of the easiest ways to __16__ energy is through the use of insulation.
16. conserve
New kinds of __17__ for the storage of energy are also being developed.
17. methods
Chemistry plays a role in efforts to increase the __18__ of farmland and to protect __19__ from insect pests.
18. production 19. crops
What is a molecular compound?
2 or more nonmentals (metal always first in formula)
The trend is toward chemicals that treat __20__
20. insect pests
Astronomy and __21__ exploration also benefit from chemistry.
21. space
For example, a robotic vehicle delivered to the surface of Mars can determine the __22__ of Mars rocks.
22. matter
Before there were chemists, __23__ were studying matter.
23. alchemists
They developed __24__ and __25__ for working with chemicals.
24. tools 25. techniques
Lavoisier helped make chemistry a science of __26__.
26. measurement
A logical, __27__ approach is the best way to solve a difficult problem.
27. systematic
One logical approach to solving scientific problems is the __28__.
28. scientific method
This method may begin with an observation, followed by __29__, or a proposed explanation for what is observed.
29. hypothesis
Chemistry is the study of the __3__ of matter and the __4__ that matter undergoes.
3. composition 4. changes
You can conduct an __30__ to test a hypothesis.
30. experiment
If a hypothesis meets the test of repeated experimentation, it may become a __31__, which is a well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations.
31. theory
A __32__ is a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments.
32. scientific law
Chemistry has traditionally been divided into __5__ areas of study.
5. five
Organic chemistry is the study of chemicals that contain __6__, while inorganic chemistry is primarily the study of chemicals that do not contain __7__.
6. carbon 7. carbon
Biochemistry is the study of the processes that take place in __8__.
8. organisms
__9__ is focused on the composition of mater, while __10__ deals with the mechanism, the rate, and the __11__ that occurs when matter undergoes a change.
9. analytical chemistry 10. physical chemistry 11. energy transfer
Applied chemistry is used to attain specific goals. (AT;ST;NT)
AT
Biochemistry involves the study of living organisms. (AT;ST;NT)
AT
Insulin can be produced when genes from bacteria are inserted into humans. (AT;ST;NT)
NT
Low levels of lead in the blood can permanently damage the nervous system of a growing child. (AT;ST;NT)
NT
Organic chemistry is the study of chemicals that do not contain carbon. (AT;ST;NT)
NT
Scientific laws explain observations. (AT;ST;NT)
NT
A theory can be easily proved. (AT;ST;NT)
ST
A well-planned experiment will disprove a hypothesis. (AT;ST;NT)
ST
An organic chemist uses analytical chemistry. (AT;ST;NT)
ST
Some human genes have been inserted into bacteria. (AT;ST;NT)
ST
The goal of chemistry is to accumulate knowledge. (AT;ST;NT)
ST
World energy demand is decreasing. (AT;ST;NT)
ST
Scientific Method
a logical approach to the solution of scientific problems
Experiment
a means to test a hypothesis
Hypothesis
a proposed explanation for an observation
Matter
anything that has mass and occupies space
Biotechnology
applies science to the production of biological products or processes
What is an ionic compound?
composed of 1 metal and 1 or more nonmental (metal always first in formula)
Formulas represent __?__
compounds
Macroscopic
describes objects that are large enough to see with the unaided eye
Microscopic
describes objects that can be seen only under magnification
Human Genome Project
determined the sequence of genes in human DNA
On the periodic table, symbols represent __?__.
elements
What are vertical columns (1-18) called?
groups or families
Observation
information obtained through one's senses
Pollutant
material found in air, water, or soil that is harmful to humans or other organisms
Fossil Fuels
materials formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals
Most elements on the PT are __?__.
metals
Shiny; usually solids at room temperature;malleable; ductile; good conductors of heat and electricity
metals
Mellatoids (semimetals) are between the __?__ and the __?__.
metals and nonmetals
Solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature; not shiny; brittle; not good conductors of heat or electricity
nonmetals
What are horizontal rows (1-7) called?
periods
Applied Chemistry
research that is directed toward a practical goal or application.
Organic Chemistry
study of essentially all chemicals that contain carbon
Inorganic Chemistry
study of essentially all chemicals that do not contain carbon
Biochemistry
study of the chemistry of living organims
Analytical Chemistry
study of the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes
Chemistry
study of the composition of substances
Physical Chemistry
study of the mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change
Technology
the means by which a society provides its members with those things needed and desired
Pure Chemistry
the pursuit of chemistry knowledge for its own sake
Responding Variable
variable that is observed during an experiment
Manipulated Variable
variable that one changes during an experiment