Chemistry and Society Ch. 9

The -COOH group represents the A) carboxyl group. B) carbonyl group. C) alcohol group. D) aldehyde group.

A

CFCs have been widely used in A) refrigerators. B) pesticides. C) toasters. D) gasoline.

A

The chemical formula of cyclohexane is A) C6H6. B) C6H8. C) C6H10. D) C6H12.

D

organic chemistry

A) the chemistry of living systems. B) the chemistry of substances produced by living systems. C) the chemistry of the compounds of carbon. D) the chemistry of the non-metallic compounds. Answer: C

When wood is heated in the absence of air, the wood is destructively distilled and condensed to a liquid mixture. The primary component of this mixture is A) methanol. B) ethanol. C) rubbing alcohol. D) gasoline.

A

The chemical formula of cyclopentane is A) C5H6. B) C5H8. C) C5H10. D) C5H12.

C

How many different structural isomers are there for a hydrocarbon with the formula C6H14? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) > 4

D

Which of the following is NOT a property of alkanes? A) Alkanes are not soluble in water. B) Alkanes have a lower density than water does. C) Alkanes will undergo addition reactions. D) Alkanes will burn easily and can be used as fuels.

C

The formula for propyne is A) C3H6. B) C3H4. C) C3H8. D) C3H3.

B

Acetylene is A) CH4. B) C2H6. C) C2H4. D) C2H2.

D

2) Approximately what percentage of known compounds are classified as organic compounds? A) ≈ 95% B) ≈ 70% C) ≈ 40% D) ≈ 20%

Answer: A

An organic compound is best defined as A) a compound containing carbon. B) a compound of carbon and hydrogen. C) a compound produced by a living organism. D) a compound that is NOT produced in a laboratory.

Answer: A

3) The most unique property of carbon is its ability to A) form four bonds. B) bond to oxygen. C) bond to nitrogen. D) bond to carbon.

Answer: D

A molecular formula of an alkene is A) C7H16. B) C9H18. C) C5H8. D) C6H6.

B

Alkanes are often called A) unsaturated hydrocarbons. B) saturated hydrocarbons. C) carbohydrates. D) saturated fats.

B

Chlorinated hydrocarbons have been used as A) fuels. B) insecticides. C) propellants. D) refrigerants.

B

) What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH2CH3? A) methane B) ethane C) propane D) butane

C

The simplest aldehyde is A) acetaldehyde. B) formaldehyde. C) benzaldehyde. D) unaldehyde.

B

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE, CH3OC(CH3)3) has been used as a gasoline additive. MTBE is an example of an ether with the general structure A) ROR. B) ROH. C) ROR'. D) R'OH.

C

Organic compounds that contain a benzene ring or possess certain properties similar to those of benzene are called ________ compounds. A) alkaloid B) acidic C) aromatic D) saturated

C

Petroleum jelly is A) a mixture of low carbon number hydrocarbons. B) a mixture of moderate carbon number hydrocarbons. C) a mixture of higher carbon number hydrocarbons. D) none of the above

C

The compound with the formula, CHCl3, was used as an anesthetic in earlier times, but has been found to have some serious side effects. The compound is called A) methyl chloride. B) methylene chloride. C) chloroform. D) carbon tetrachloride.

C

The formula of benzene is A) C2H2. B) C4H4. C) C6H6. D) C6H12.

C

The main ingredient in most antifreezes is A) ethanol. B) ethylene glycol. C) glycerol. D) gasoline.

B

The unique aspect of a saturated hydrocarbon is that it must contain A) only carbon and hydrogen. B) only single bonds. C) single and double bonds. D) single, double and triple bonds.

B

What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH3? A) methane B) ethane C) propane D) butane

B

What is the percent alcohol by volume in a beverage that is 36 proof? A) 3.6% B) 18% C) 36% D) 72%

B

Which of the following compounds is saturated? A) butene B) butane C) propyne D) butadiene

B

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the great variety of organic molecules? A) The ability of carbon to form chains B) Carbon atoms can form more than four bonds. C) Isomerism D) Carbon forms bonds with a variety of elements, including H, O, N, Cl and Br.

B

Which substance causes fetal alcohol syndrome? A) CH3OH B) CH3CH2OH C) CH3CHOHCH3 D) CH3OCH3

B

A bottle of rum is labelled as "80 proof." The percentage of ethanol by volume in this alcoholic beverage is A) 8%. B) 40%. C) 80%. D) 160%.

C

A homologous series of alcohols contains A) the same number of carbon atoms, but a different number of hydroxyl groups. B) the same number of carbon atoms and the same number of hydroxyl groups. C) a different number of carbon atoms, but the same number of hydroxyl groups. D) only isomers.

C

A molecular formula of an alkyne is A) C7H16. B) C9H18. C) C5H8. D) C6H6.

C

Acetylene is an A) alkane. B) alkene. C) alkyne. D) aromatic compound.

C

All of the following contain more than one hydroxyl group EXCEPT A) ethylene glycol. B) glycerol. C) methanol. D) propylene glycol.

C

Compounds with the same number and kinds of atoms but with different structures are known as A) homologs. B) isotopes. C) isomers. D) allotropes.

C

The general formula for a ketone is A) ROR'. B) RCOOH. C) RCOR'. D) RCOOR'.

C

A cyclic hydrocarbon containing seven carbon atoms and two double bonds will have the formula A) C7H16. B) C7H14. C) C7H12. D) C7H10.

D

A cyclic hydrocarbon containing six carbon atoms and one double bond will have the formula A) C6H16. B) C6H14. C) C6H12. D) C6H10.

D

A molecular formula of an aromatic hydrocarbon is A) C7H16. B) C9H18. C) C5H8. D) C6H6.

D

A phenol has a(n) ________ group attached to a benzene ring. A) amino B) carbonyl C) carboxyl D) hydroxyl

D

Aldehydes and ketones share a common functional group. The group is the A) hydroxyl group. B) phenol group. C) ether group. D) carbonyl group.

D

Carbon is almost always A) monovalent. B) divalent. C) trivalent. D) tetravalent.

D

Compounds that have two alkyl groups attached to an oxygen atom are called A) alcohols. B) phenols. C) esters. D) ethers.

D

What is the general formula for a cycloalkane? A) CnHn B) CnH2n+2 C) CnH2n-2 D) CnH2n

D

Which of the following alkanes will have the highest boiling point? A) CH4 B) C3H8 C) C8H18 D) C20H42

D

With respect to reactivity on the surface of the earth, chlorofluorocarbons are A) very reactive. B) very unreactive. C) moderately reactive. D) variable depending upon the chlorofluorocarbon.

B

The formula for hexane is A) C6H6. B) C6H12. C) C6H14. D) C6H10.

C

Compounds with a hydroxyl group attached directly to a benzene ring are called A) alcohols. B) aromatic hydrocarbons. C) ethers. D) phenols.

D

Excessive ingestion of ethanol over a long period may cause which of the following? A) physiological addiction B) memory loss C) deterioration of the liver D) all of the above

D

In general, CFCs are A) solids with high melting points. B) solids with low melting points. C) liquids with high boiling points. D) gases, or liquids with low boiling points.

D

In representing the general formula of various functional groups, the symbol R stands for A) a halogen atom. B) a ring. C) an aromatic group. D) an alkyl group.

D

Perfluorocarbons have been used in which of the following? A) temporary blood substitutes B) nonstick cooking surfaces C) oxygen solvent for treatment of premature babies D) all of the above

D

Propane, benzene, acetylene, and 2-butene are all examples of A) alkenes. B) alkanes. C) aromatic compounds. D) hydrocarbons.

D

The compounds CH3CH3 and CH3CH2CH3 are A) isomers. B) allotropes. C) isotopes. D) homologs.

D

The formula of methanol is A) COH. B) CHOH. C) CH2OH. D) CH3OH.

D

The functional group of the organic acids is the A) hydroxyl group. B) amine group. C) carbonyl group. D) carboxyl group.

D

The hydrocarbon that is used in torches along with oxygen to produce very hot flames for cutting and welding is A) ethylene. B) methane. C) propane. D) acetylene.

D

The salts of carboxylic acids, such as sodium benzoate, are often used in foods as A) flavor enhancers. B) colorings. C) sweeteners. D) preservatives.

D

Perfluorocarbons are A) hydrocarbons in which all hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine. B) hydrocarbons in which most hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine. C) hydrocarbons in which there is one fluorine per carbon atom. D) none of the above

A

The abbreviation ROR' is used to represent the general formula of a(n) A) ether. B) alcohol. C) ester. D) phenol.

A

The intoxicating alcohol in "alcoholic" beverages is A) ethanol. B) methanol. C) propanol. D) a mixture of the above

A

When carbon tetrachloride reacts with hot water it produces phosgene (COCl2). Phosgene was used in poison-gas warfare in World War I. Based upon this chemistry, carbon tetrachloride is no longer used in A) fire extinguishers. B) anesthetics. C) chemical reactions. D) toilet bowl cleaners.

A

All of the following are properties of hydrocarbons EXCEPT A) they have a higher density than water. B) their boiling points increase as the number of carbons increases. C) they burn readily. D) they are good solvents for nonpolar substances.

A

An emollient is a A) skin softener. B) sun screen. C) laxative. D) detergent.

A

Benzene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. An interesting property of benzene is that A) it is a liquid at room temperature. B) it does not undergo the same reactions that other unsaturated hydrocarbons do. C) it contains only carbon and hydrogen. D) it has a ring of carbon atoms in its structure.

B

Chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as carbon tetrachloride CCl4, make good dry cleaning solvents because A) they dissolve in water. B) they dissolve water insoluble stains, like grease and oil. C) they are not liquids at room temperature. D) they cause no significant health problems.

B

) What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH2CH2CH3? A) methane B) ethane C) propane D) butane

D

A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen is a(n) A) alcohol. B) carbohydrate. C) homolog. D) hydrocarbon.

D

How many different structural isomers are there for a hydrocarbon with the formula C5H12? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

C

A molecular formula of an alkane is A) C7H16. B) C9H18. C) C5H8. D) C6H6.

A

Citronellol, C10H19OH, is a constituent of rose and germanium oils. It is used in perfumery. Chemically, citronellol is an A) alcohol. B) acid. C) alkane. D) amine.

A

Diethyl ether is the most important of the ethers. It is an example of an ether with the general structure A) ROR. B) ROH. C) ROR'. D) R'OH.

A

One of the primary ingredients in vinegar is A) acetic acid. B) butyric acid. C) formic acid. D) hydrochloric acid.

A

The simplest alkane is A) monane. B) ethane. C) methane. D) propane.

C

A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen and which has only single bonds between atoms is classified as an A) alkane. B) alkene. C) alkyne. D) aromatic.

A

Alcohols are characterized by which functional group? A) hydroxyl B) carboxyl C) halide D) ester

A

) The first organic compound to be synthesized in a chemist's laboratory was A) cholesterol. B) chlorophyll. C) urea. D) benzene.

C

The first recorded synthesis of an organic compound in a scientific laboratory was by A) Isaac Newton in 1665. B) Benjamin Franklin in 1788. C) Friedrich Wöhler in 1828. D) Thomas Edison in 1888.

C

The most important commercial organic compound is A) methane, CH4. B) ethane, CH3CH3. C) ethylene, CH2=CH2. D) propane, CH3CH2CH3.

C

The parts of organic molecules that give compounds characteristic chemical and physical properties are known as A) alkyl groups. B) aromatic groups. C) functional groups. D) hydrocarbon groups.

C

The simplest carboxylic acid is commonly known as A) acetic acid. B) butyric acid. C) formic acid. D) propionic acid.

C

The use of benzene has been greatly limited in recent years because A) benzene is an aromatic compound. B) benzene is highly flammable. C) benzene may cause leukemia. D) benzene undergoes addition reactions.

C

When a bee stings, one of the compounds it injects is A) acetic acid. B) butyric acid. C) formic acid. D) hydrochloric acid.

C

Which of the following compounds is a homolog of CH2=CH2? A) CH3CH3 B) CH3CH2CH3 C) CH3CH=CH2 D) CH3CCH

C

Which of the following statements about industrial grade ethanol and the ethanol used in alcoholic beverages is NOT correct? A) Industrial grade ethanol is made by reacting ethylene with water, while ethanol used in beverages is made by fermentation. B) Industrial grade ethanol carries no federal excise tax, while ethanol used in beverages is taxed. C) Industrial grade ethanol and ethanol used in beverages have different molecular structures. D) Noxious substances are added to industrial grade ethanol so it is not safe to drink.

C

Which one of the following statements is NOT true of all alkanes? A) All alkanes burn to produce carbon dioxide and water. B) All alkanes consist of carbon and hydrogen. C) All alkanes exist as two or more isomers. D) All alkanes fit the general molecular formula CnH2n+2.

C

Ethanol acts as a mild A) stimulant. B) depressant. C) hallucinogen. D) narcotic.

B

How many different structural isomers are there for a hydrocarbon with the formula C4H10? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

B

In organic chemistry, compounds are generally classified by A) state. B) functional group. C) color. D) odor.

B

Methanol is an important solvent. It is also an important starting material for the synthesis of other molecules. Most methanol today is obtained from the A) destructive distillation of wood. B) reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure. C) fermentation of corn. D) decomposition of animal waste.

B

One of the compounds that is present in rancid butter and body odor is A) acetic acid. B) butyric acid. C) benzaldehyde. D) formaldehyde.

B

Phenol, sometimes called carbolic acid, was the first A) anesthetic. B) antiseptic. C) insecticide. D) analgesic.

B

Phenols are often used as A) anesthetics. B) disinfectants. C) fragrances. D) insecticides.

B

The chemical formula of cyclopropane is A) C3H3. B) C3H6. C) C3H7. D) C3H8.

B

The correct structure for benzene was proposed by ________ in 1865. A) Boyle B) Kekule C) Faraday D) Curie

B

The element whose atoms have a unique ability to bond to each other and to other kinds of atoms is ________. A) sodium B) carbon C) sulfur D) nitrogen

B

The general formula for a carboxylic acid is A) ROR'. B) RCOOH. C) RCOR'. D) RCOOR'.

B

Distillation of fermented grain "beer" yields 95% ethanol. What is the proof of this "grain alcohol?" A) 47.5 B) 95 C) 190 D) 200

C

Glycerol is an alcohol with ________ hydroxyl groups A) one B) two C) three D) four

C