Chemistry Chapter 5

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Which group of elements was discovered by Strutt and Ramsay?

noble gases

almost entirely unreactive

noble gases

What can be removed from an atom if ionization energy is supplied?

an electron

An element that has the electron configuration [Ne]3s23p5 is in Group

17

An element that has the electron configuration [Ne]3s23p5 is in Period

3

What is the difference in atomic number between He and Ne?

8

The person whose work led to a periodic table based on increasing atomic number was

Moseley

Which noble gas has the greatest atomic number?

Rn

radioactive

actinides

In nature the alkali metals are found only in compounds because they

are very reactive elements

On most periodic tables, the lanthanides and actinides appear

below the main portion

Across a period in the periodic table, atomic radii generally

decrease

as you go down the periodic table, electron affinity ______ because _______

decreases; atomic radius increases, more difficult to add electrons

as you go down the periodic table, the electronegativity ______ because _______

decreases; dependent upon atomic radius

as you go down the periodic table, ionization energy _____ because _____

decreases; larger number of energy levels

as you go across the periodic table , the atomic radius _____ because _____

decreases; stronger nuclear force

energy charge that happens when an atom acquires an electron

electron affinity

measure of an atoms ability to attract an electron

electronegativity

One of the least electronegative elements would be found on the periodic table in

group 1 period 7

An element with the smallest anionic (negative-ionic) radius would be found on the periodic table in

group 17 period 2

charge of +2 when forming ionic compounds

group 2; alkaline earth metals

In which group is an element that has an outer-level electron configuration consisting of one electron in the d orbital and two electrons in the ns orbital?

group 3

diatomic

group seventeen; halogens

The atomic radius of an atom that is chemically bonded to an identical atom is equal to

half the distance between the nuclei

Nonmetallic elements in Group 17 that react with most metals to form salts are

halogens

Very strong oxidizers

halogens

As the atomic numbers of the metals of Group 1 increase, the ionic radii

increase

Down a group in the periodic table, atomic radii generally

increase

Across a period in the periodic table, ionization energy generally

increases

as you go across the periodic table, electron affinity ____ because _____

increases; increasing nuclear charge

as you go across the periodic table, ionization energy ____ because ______

increases; increasing nuclear charge

as you go down the periodic table, the atomic radius ___ because _________

increases; larger number of energy levels

as you go across periodic table, the electronegativity ______ because _______

increases; smaller atomic radius has stronger nuclear force

Down a group in the periodic table, the change in ionization energy is due to

increasing electron shielding

energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom or ion

ionization energy

rare, high densities, used for industrial purposes

lanthanides

Elements in the s and p blocks of the periodic table are called

main group elements

To which group does hydrogen belong?

no group

The periodic law states that the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic

numbers

A repeating pattern is referred to as

periodic

In developing his periodic table, Mendeleev listed on cards each element's name, atomic mass, and

properties

Mendeleev's periodic table did not list all elements in order of increasing atomic mass because he grouped together elements with similar

properties

An element found in groups 312 of the periodic table is classified as a(n)

transition metal

The outer-level electron configuration of a neutral alkaline-earth metal atom consists of

two electrons in the s orbital

Mendeleev predicted that the gaps in his periodic table represented

undiscovered elements

An electron that is in the highest energy level of an atom and determines the atom's chemical properties is called a(n)

valence electron

Elements in Group 18 have

very low reactivity


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